RESUMO
In the present study, we investigated the antioxidant status in diabetes mellitus, related or not to alcohol consumption. A total of 38 type 1, 48 type 2 and 42 alcohol-related diabetic patients were selected. Total antioxidant status was assessed through the oxygen radical absorbance capacity of the plasma and the determination of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant molecules. Serum triglycerides, total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol concentrations were determined and the lipid peroxydation was evaluated by measuring thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assay. Plasma total antioxidant capacity was more decreased in alcohol-related diabetes than that in type 1 and type 2 diabetes, regardless of the complications (retinopathy and renal failure). Plasma vitamin E concentrations were significantly decreased whereas those of vitamin C increased in all of the diabetic patients compared to the controls, irrespective to the complications. In addition, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities were reduced in all the patients (type 1, type 2 and alcohol-related), irrespective to the complications. Glutathione reductase activity was diminished in type 1 and alcohol-related, but not in type 2, diabetic patients. Glutathione (GSH) concentrations significantly decreased in all diabetic patients with a significant decrease in alcohol-related diabetic patients. Excessive alcohol consumption appears as an oxidative aggravating factor in diabetes mellitus. Besides, alcohol-related diabetes highly resembles to type 1 diabetes as far as the antioxidant parameters are concerned.
Assuntos
Alcoolismo/complicações , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Complicações do Diabetes/metabolismo , Adulto , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas , Alcoolismo/sangue , Alcoolismo/metabolismo , Antioxidantes/análise , Ácido Ascórbico/sangue , Benin , Análise Química do Sangue , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Complicações do Diabetes/sangue , Eritrócitos/metabolismo , Comportamento Alimentar , Feminino , Radicais Livres/metabolismo , Glutationa/metabolismo , Hemoglobinas Glicadas , Humanos , Lipídeos/sangue , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Substâncias Reativas com Ácido Tiobarbitúrico/metabolismo , Vitamina E/sangueRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: We investigated the role of dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) in the modulation of total antioxidant status in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats and their macrosomic offspring. DESIGN: Female wistar rats, fed on control diet or n-3 PUFA diet, were rendered diabetic by administration of five mild doses of STZ on day 5 and were killed on days 12 and 21 of gestation. The macrosomic (MAC) pups were killed at the age of 60 and 90 days. MEASUREMENTS: Lipid peroxidation was measured as the concentrations of plasma thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and the total antioxidant status was determined by measuring (i) plasma oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), (ii) plasma vitamin A, E and C concentrations, and (iii) antioxidant enzymes activities in erythrocytes. The plasma lipid concentrations and fatty acid composition were also determined. RESULTS: Diabetes increased plasma triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations, whereas macrosomia was associated with enhanced plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels, which diminished by feeding n-3 PUFA diet. N-3 PUFA diet also reduced increased plasma TBARS and corrected the decreased ORAC values in diabetic rats and their macrosomic offspring. EPAX diet increased the diminished vitamin A levels in diabetic mothers and vitamin C concentrations in macrosomic pups. Also, this diet improved the decreased erythrocyte superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities in diabetic and macrosomic animals. CONCLUSION: Diabetes and macrosomia were associated with altered lipid metabolism, antioxidant enzyme activities and vitamin concentrations. N-3 PUFA diet improved hyperlipidemia and restored antioxidant status in diabetic dams and MAC offspring.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus/tratamento farmacológico , Ácidos Graxos Ômega-3/administração & dosagem , Gravidez em Diabéticas/tratamento farmacológico , Animais , Animais Recém-Nascidos , Ácido Ascórbico/sangue , Biomarcadores/sangue , Diabetes Mellitus/embriologia , Diabetes Mellitus/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/tratamento farmacológico , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/embriologia , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamento farmacológico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/embriologia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/metabolismo , Eritrócitos/enzimologia , Ácidos Graxos/sangue , Feminino , Macrossomia Fetal/metabolismo , Sequestradores de Radicais Livres/metabolismo , Glutationa Peroxidase/sangue , Peroxidação de Lipídeos , Lipídeos/sangue , Gravidez , Gravidez em Diabéticas/metabolismo , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Superóxido Dismutase/sangue , Substâncias Reativas com Ácido Tiobarbitúrico/análise , Vitamina A/sangue , Vitamina E/sangueRESUMO
An inflammatory reaction was induced in grass-cutters (Thryonomys swinderianus) by injecting turpentine. The changes in the plasma haptoglobin, fibrinogen, alpha 2 macroglobulin and immunoglobulin G was followed for 23 days by immunonephelometry. The results were compared to rat and rabbit. They showed that (a) the inflammatory reaction is delayed in the grass-cutter compared to rats and rabbits; (b) the concentration of haptoglobin increases less than in rat and rabbit; (c) the fibrinogen concentration is very low in the grass-cutter, despite hypercoagulability of blood; (d) the changes in the plasma alpha 2-macroglobulin in the grass-cutter seems to be comparable to that of rabbit alpha 1 macroglobulin in amplitude and in its slow return to the initial concentration; and (e) fibrinogen and haptoglobin are suitable markers for grass-cutter inflammation monitoring.