Effects of Fluorinated Functionalization of Linker on Quercetin Encapsulation, Release and Hela Cell Cytotoxicity of Cu-Based MOFs as Smart pH-Stimuli Nanocarriers.

Controlled delivery of target molecules is required in many medical and chemical applications. For such purposes, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), which possess desirable features such as high porosity, large surface area, and adjustable functionalities, hold great potential as drug carriers. Herein, Quercetin (QU), as an anticancer drug, was loaded on Cu2 (BDC)2 (DABCO) and Cu2 (F4 BDC)2 )DABCO) MOFs (BDC=1,4-benzenedicarboxylate and DABCO=1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane). As these Cu-MOFs have a high surface area, an appropriate pore size, and biocompatible ingredients, they can be utilized to deliver QU. The loading efficiency of QU in these MOFs was 49.5 % and 41.3 %, respectively. The drug-loaded compounds displayed sustained drug release over 15 days, remarkably high drug loading capacities and pH-controlled release behavior. The prepared nanostructures were characterized by different characterization technics including FT-IR, PXRD, ZP, TEM, FE-SEM, UV-vis, and BET. In addition, MTT assays were carried out on the HEK-293 and HeLa cell lines to investigate cytotoxicity. Cellular apoptosis analysis was performed to investigate the cell death mechanisms. Grand Canonical Monte Carlo simulations were conducted to analyze the interactions between MOFs and QU. Moreover, the stability of MOFs was also investigated during and after the drug release process. Ultimately, kinetic models of drug release were evaluated.

Improved Cytotoxicity and Induced Apoptosis in HeLa Cells by Co-loading Vitamin E Succinate and Curcumin in Nano-MIL-88B-NH2.

One of the strategies for improved therapeutic effects in cancer therapy is combination chemotherapy. In this study, a flexible nano-MOF (Fe-MIL-88B-NH2 ) was synthesized in a sonochemical process, then co-loaded with α-tocopheryl succinate (TOS) and curcumin (CCM). The anticancer activity of co-loaded Fe-MIL-88B-NH2 (Fe-MIL-88B-NH2 /TOS@CCM) against the HeLa cells was compared with that of the single-loaded counterpart (Fe-MIL-88B-NH2 @CCM). MTT analysis indicates improved cytotoxicity of Fe-MIL-88B-NH2 /TOS@CCM. The data from the cell apoptosis assay indicated more apoptosis in the case of the co-loaded nano-MOF. This study indicates the positive effect of the presence of TOS on enhancing the anticancer effect of Fe-MIL-88B-NH2 @CCM to prepare a more efficient drug delivery nanosystem.

Heterostructured Ag@MOF-801/MIL-88A(Fe) Nanocomposite as a Biocompatible Photocatalyst for Degradation of Reactive Black 5 under Visible Light.

Heterostructured Ag@MOF-801/MIL-88A(Fe) nanocomposite was synthesized through template effects in metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). MIL-88A(Fe) was fabricated on a MOF-801 template using the internal extended growth method (IEGM) via polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as the structure-director agent to create the MIL-88A(Fe)-on-MOF-801 heterostructure. The MOF-801/MIL-88A(Fe) heterostructure was used as a template for the formation of Ag nanoparticles (NPs) inside it via a double solvents method (DSM) combined with a photoreduction route (PR). To characterize synthesized samples to a high level of detail, PXRD, FT-IR, EDX, N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms, TEM, DRS, PL, EIS, and Mott-Sckottky measurements were used. The resulting Ag@MOF-801/MIL-88A(Fe) nanocomposite demonstrated the highest photocatalytic activity of 91.72% for the degradation of Reactive Black 5, after 30 min under visible light irradiation.

Engineered Catalyst Based on MIL-68(Al) with High Stability for Hydrogenation of Carbon Dioxide and Carbon Monoxide at Low Temperature.

Today, the importance of decreasing and converting COx gases from the atmosphere into value-added chemicals by catalytic hydrogenation reactions has become one crucial challenge. In the current work, to facilitate the hydrogenation of COx, several mesoporous alumina catalysts with high efficiency and stability were synthesized using the MIL-68(Al) platform, a nanoporous MOF with a high surface area as a precatalyst, encapsulating nickel or nickel-iron nanoparticles (NPs). After removing the organic linker of MIL-68(Al) by calcination in air, two types of catalysts, promoted and unpromoted, were obtained with various loads of nickel and iron. A set of analyses (PXRD, BET-N2, TEM, FE-SEM, ICP-OES, EDX-map, CO2-TPD, H2-TPR, and H2-TPD) were performed to evaluate the physicochemical properties of catalysts. Based on the analysis results, the promoted catalyst had smaller particles and pores due to the effective and uniform distribution of nickel NPs. Also, H2-TPR and CO2-TPD results in samples containing Fe promoter demonstrated the facilitation of the reduction process and the adsorption and activation of CO2, respectively. The results of CO2 methanation indicated an improved catalytic performance for promoted samples, especially at low temperatures (200-300 °C), compared to unpromoted catalysts. 5Fe·15Ni@Al2O3 MIL-68(Al) catalyst displayed the best performance compared to other catalysts, with a conversion of 92.4% and selectivity of 99.6% at 350 °C and GHSV = 2500 h-1. Moreover, the 5Fe·15Ni@Al2O3 MIL-68(Al) catalyst facilitated the CO2 methanation reaction by reducing the activation energy to 42.5 kJ mol-1 compared with other reported catalysts. Both types of catalysts performed 100% hydrogenation of CO to CH4 with full selectivity at 250 °C and exhibited high stability for at least 100 h at 300 °C. Notably, such high significant catalytic performance is only achieved by the usage of the "MOFs templating strategy" due to the high surface area for the effective distribution of NPs, the strong metal-support interaction, and the formation of nickel aluminate species, preventing the sintering of NPs.

Cu-BTC metal-organic framework as a biocompatible nanoporous carrier for chlorhexidine antibacterial agent.

Antibacterial materials are an essential part of modern life and many efforts have been made to find a new and effective type of them. In this study, chlorhexidine (CHX) was loaded on Cu-BTC metal-organic framework (MOF), that both of them are known to have antibacterial properties. The antibacterial properties of Cu-BTC, CHX and CHX@Cu-BTC were investigated against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Agar well-diffusion method and MIC test showed that CHX@Cu-BTC has high antibacterial activity. Characterization methods, such as FT-IR, XRD, N2 adsorption-desorption isotherm, TGA, SEM, EDX, TEM and zeta potential, were employed to characterize their structures. Cu-BTC MOF nanoparticles were synthesized and used as nanoporous carriers for chlorhexidine. The loading was about 10%, which was absorbed into the pores. Antibacterial activity was investigated against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria by Agar well diffusion method and MIC (minimal inhibitory concentration) assay. The CHX@Cu-BTC had synergistic antibacterial activity of Cu-BTC and chlorhexidine.

Synthesis and Application of MOF-808 Decorated with Folic Acid-Conjugated Chitosan as a Strong Nanocarrier for the Targeted Drug Delivery of Quercetin.

Herein, MOF-808 (MOF = metal-organic framework) based on zirconium tricarboxylate was synthesized to investigate the influence of decorating groups of folic acid-conjugated chitosan (CS-FA) on drug-delivery efficiency. Quercetin (QU) was loaded on nondecorated MOF-808 and then decorated with a folic acid-chitosan conjugate. The properties and activities of modified MOF-808 were compared with unmodified MOF-808. QU@MOF-808@CS-FA exhibited favorable drug-release properties, high drug-loading capacity, efficient targeting capability, and pH-dependent release behavior, highlighting the critical role of organic modification. A variety of characterization techniques were used to characterize MOF nanoparticles, including Fourier transform infrared, powder X-ray diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray, transmission electron microscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller, ζ potential, and 1H NMR. Additionally, Monte Carlo simulation calculations were carried out to examine the interactions between the structures of MOF-808 and QU. An in vitro cytotoxicity test was conducted, and the results identified that QU@MOF-808@CS-FA demonstrated more superior therapeutics than QU@MOF-808 on FR-positive MCF7 cancerous cells. On the basis of the results, QU@MOF-808@CS-FA is a promising drug carrier by selective targeting and sustained release.

Smart Multifunctional UiO-66 Metal-Organic Framework Nanoparticles with Outstanding Drug-Loading/Release Potential for the Targeted Delivery of Quercetin.

Herein, UiO-66 and its two functional analogs (with -NO2 and -NH2 functional groups) were synthesized, and their potential ability as pH stimulus nanocarriers of quercetin (QU), an anticancer agent, was studied. UiO-66 is a low-toxicity, biocompatible metal-organic framework with a large surface area and good stability, which can be prepared through a facile and inexpensive method. Before and after drug loading, various analyses were conducted to characterize the synthesized nanocarriers. Moreover, Monte Carlo simulations were performed to investigate their structures and interactions with quercetin. The most promising drug loading potential and prolonged drug release (over 25 days) were observed in QU@UiO-66-NO2 with 37% drug loading content, which was the best-tested sample that exhibited a higher release rate under acidic conditions (pH = 5) than that in normal cells (pH = 7.4). This behavior is known as pH-stimulus-controlled ability. The cell treatment with free QU, UiO-66-R, and QU@UiO-66-R (R = -H, -NO2, and -NH2) was performed, and an MTT assay was conducted on HEK-293 and MDA-MB-231 cells for the cytotoxicity study. Additionally, the kinetic modeling of drug release was investigated on the basis of the analysis of the drug release profiles.

MOF-801 as a Nanoporous Water-Based Carrier System for In Situ Encapsulation and Sustained Release of 5-FU for Effective Cancer Therapy.

Nanoporous metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been gaining a reputation for their drug delivery applications. In the current work, MOF-801 was successfully prepared by a facile, cost-efficient, and environmentally friendly approach through the reaction of ZrCl4 and fumaric acid as organic linkers to deliver 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). The prepared nanostructure was fully characterized by a series of analytical techniques including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, UV-vis spectroscopy, 1H NMR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, high-performance liquid chromatography, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis. MOF-801 could be used for the delivery of the anticancer drug 5-FU due to its high surface area, suitable pore size, and biocompatible ingredients. Based on in vitro loading and release studies, a high 5-FU loading capacity and pH-dependent drug release behavior were observed. Moreover, the interactions between the structure of MOFs and 5-FU were investigated through Monte Carlo simulation calculations. An in vitro cytotoxicity test was done, and the results indicated that 5-FU@MOF-801 was more potent than 5-FU on SW480 cancerous cells, indicating the highlighted role of this drug delivery system. Finally, the kinetics of drug release was investigated.

Modulating Carbon Dioxide Storage by Facile Synthesis of Nanoporous Pillared-Layered Metal-Organic Framework with Different Synthetic Routes.

A Zn(II)-based paddle wheel pillared-layered metal-organic framework, [Zn2 (DBrTPA)2(DABCO)].(DMF)2 (MUT-4), containing 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO) and 2,5-dibromoterephthalic acid (DBrTPA) has been successfully synthesized with different synthetic methods, including solvothermal, sonochemical, and their mixing methods, some of which are energy-efficient, rapid, and room-temperature synthetic procedures. Structural characterization of MUT-4 with single-crystal X-ray crystallography showed that it crystallizes in the tetragonal I41/acd space group. MUT-4 has shown higher performance than known MOFs in the CO2 adsorption such as UiO-66, UiO-66-NH2, UiO-66-NO2, PCN-66, ZIF-68, UiO-67, bio-MOF-11, MIL-101, MOF-177, ZIF-8, and ZIF-82. It has shown even better CO2 adsorption performance in comparison to the previously reported DMOFs such as DMOF-1 and other DMOF analogues such as NO2-DMOF-1, NH2-DMOF-1, Br-DMOF-1, and Azo-DMOF-1. Furthermore, it has performed even better than modified known MOFs. Also, the carbon dioxide storage capacity of MUT-4 obtained using several different synthetic routes shows a significant difference. Thus, this study exhibited that CO2 gas adsorption of MUT-4 could be modulated by optimizing its synthetic methods.

Biocompatible MIL-101(Fe) as a Smart Carrier with High Loading Potential and Sustained Release of Curcumin.

The purpose of this study was the investigation of the potential of MIL-101(Fe) for load and sustained release of curcumin (CCM), as an anticancer drug, with pH stimulus. The reasons for choosing this type of metal-organic framework (MOF) are its high surface area, acceptable stability in a water medium, and its biocompatible components (iron and terephthalic acid) with low toxicity to normal cells. The obtained results from UV-vis analysis confirmed that this MOF is a smart carrier with a higher release rate in acidic pH (pH 5), which is a condition similar to that in cancer cells, than that at pH 7.4 (in normal cells). Therefore, this MOF is a pH-stimulus-controlled release carrier with 56.3% drug loading content and sustained drug release over 22 days. In order to evaluate the cell viability after treatment with free CCM, MIL-101(Fe), and MIL-101(Fe)@CCM, the cytotoxicity investigation using MTT assays was performed against HeLa and HEK 293 cell lines up to 48 h. Obtained results showed that MIL-101(Fe)@CCM exhibited more cell growth inhibition effect on HeLa cells in comparison with HEK 293. One of the reasons for the high loading and sustained release of CCM was surface adsorption of this drug and its interactions with open metal sites in MIL-101(Fe). In the end, the kinetic models of drug release were evaluated, and the obtained results showed that in this case diffusion is the main driving force for the drug release process.

Ag@MUT-16 nanocomposite as a Fenton-like and plasmonic photocatalyst for degradation of Quinoline Yellow under visible light.

A new cobalt-based metal-organic framework with the chemical formula of [Co2(DClTPA)2(DABCO)]·(DMF)4 (MUT-16) containing 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO) and 2,5-dichloroterephthalic acid (DClTPA) has been designed and prepared through a solvothermal method. MUT-16 (MUT = Materials from University of Tehran) crystallized in a tetragonal system with I41/acd space group, based on single-crystal X-ray analysis. The Ag@MUT-16 nanocomposite was prepared using Ag nanoparticles (NPs) loaded into/onto porous MUT-16via photoreduction route (PR). The MUT-16 and Ag@MUT-16 were characterized using various techniques, such as PXRD, FT-IR, FE-SEM, TEM, EDX, N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms, TGA, DRS, PL, EIS, and Mott-Schottky measurements. The Ag@MUT-16 nanocomposite showed photocatalytic activity of 87.75% in the degradation of Quinoline Yellow (QY) after 30 min under visible light irradiation. The distinctive characteristics of the Ag@MUT-16 nanocomposite, such as the Fenton-like effect of Co2+ ions, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) of Ag NPs, Schottky junction at interfaces between Ag NPs and MUT-16, and reduction of electron-hole recombination through electron trapping by Ag NPs as co-catalyst, all play significant roles in the photocatalytic degradation of Quinoline Yellow (QY).

The antibacterial activity of three zeolitic-imidazolate frameworks and zinc oxide nanoparticles derived from them.

Zinc has been widely studied for its antibacterial properties due to its low toxicity, availability, and low cost. This research focused on analysing the antibacterial effects of three types of MOFs (metal-organic frameworks) with zinc as the central metal: ZIF-4, ZIF-7, and ZIF-8. The study found that ZIF-8 had the strongest antibacterial effect, while ZIF-7 had the weakest among them. These findings were consistent with the results of the ICP (inductively coupled plasma) analysis, which measured the amount of zinc released. Additionally, the antibacterial effect of ZIF-8 was found to be higher than that of zinc oxide species obtained from calcination of the compounds. Among the zinc oxide samples, ZnO nanoparticles which derived from ZIF-4 showed the highest antibacterial activity.

Solvent-Directed Construction of a Nanoporous Metal-Organic Framework with Potential in Selective Adsorption and Separation of Gas Mixtures Studied by Grand Canonical Monte Carlo Simulations.

In this report, a microporous metal-organic framework of [Ca(TDC)(DMA)]n (1) and a two-dimensional coordination polymer of [Ca(TDC)(DMF)2 ]n (2), (TDC2- =Thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylate, DMA=N, N'-dimethylacetamide and DMF=N, N'-dimethylformamide) based on Ca(II) were designed by the effect of solvent, and X-ray analysis was performed for the single crystals of 1 and 2. Then, compound 1 was synthesized in three different methods and identified with a set of analyses. Compared to other adsorbents, MOFs are widely used in the field of adsorption and separation of various gases due to a series of distinctive features such as diverse and adjustable structures pores with different dimensions, high porosity and surface area with regular distribution of active sites. Therefore, the ability of 1 to uptake single gases (CH4 , CO2 , C2 H2 , H2, and N2 ) and separation of several binary mixtures of gases (CO2 /CH4 , CO2 /N2 , CO2 /H2 and CO2 /C2 H2 ), were investigated using Grand Canonical Monte Carlo simulations. Volumetric and gravimetric adsorption isotherms in various operating conditions, the isosteric heat of adsorption (qst ), the chemical potential for each thermodynamic state, and snapshots during the simulation process were reported in all cases. The results obtained from the adsorption simulation indicate that compound 1 has a high capacity for uptake of H2 (16 mmol g-1 ) and N2 (12.5 mmol g-1 ), CO2 (6.6 mmol g-1 ), C2 H2 (5 mmol g-1 ) and CH4 (1.5 mmol g-1 ) gases at 1 bar. It also performs well in separating CO2 in binary mixtures, which can be attributed to the presence of open metal sites in nodes of 1 and their electrostatic tendency to interact with CO2 containing the higher quadrupole dipole moment compared to other components of the mixture.

Solid-state structural transformations of two Ag(I) supramolecular polymorphs to another polymer upon absorption of HNO3 vapors.

Solid-state structural transformation of two polymorphic forms of [Ag(8-HqH)(8-Hq)]n (1α and 1ß, where 8-HqH = 8-hydroxyquinoline and 8-Hq(-) = 8-hydroxyquinolate) to {[Ag(8-HqH)2]NO3}n (2) has been observed upon solid-gas reaction of compounds 1α and 1ß with HNO3 vapors. Solid-gas reaction of compound 2 with hydrated vapors of NH3 results in the formation of only the 1ß polymorph, while solid-solid reaction of compound 2 with KOH results in the formation of a 1α and 1ß mixture with chiral and achiral space groups of P2(1)2(1)2(1) and Pbcn, respectively.

Magnetic UiO-66-NH2 Core-Shell Nanohybrid as a Promising Carrier for Quercetin Targeted Delivery toward Human Breast Cancer Cells.

In this study, a magnetic core-shell metal-organic framework (MOF) nanocomposite, Fe3O4-COOH@UiO-66-NH2, was synthesized for tumor-targeting drug delivery by incorporating carboxylate groups as functional groups onto ferrite nanoparticle surfaces, followed by fabrication of the UiO-66-NH2 shell using a facile self-assembly approach. The anticancer drug quercetin (QU) was loaded into the magnetic core-shell nanoparticles. The synthesized magnetic nanoparticles were comprehensively evaluated through multiple techniques, including FT-IR, PXRD, FE-SEM, TEM, EDX, BET, UV-vis, ZP, and VSM. Drug release investigations were conducted to investigate the release behavior of QU from the nanocomposite at two different pH values (7.4 and 5.4). The results revealed that QU@Fe3O4-COOH@UiO-66-NH2 exhibited a high loading capacity of 43.1% and pH-dependent release behavior, maintaining sustained release characteristics over a prolonged duration of 11 days. Furthermore, cytotoxicity assays using the human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 and the normal cell line HEK-293 were performed to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of QU, UiO-66-NH2, Fe3O4-COOH, Fe3O4-COOH@UiO-66-NH2, and QU@Fe3O4-COOH@UiO-66-NH2. Treatment with QU@Fe3O4-COOH@UiO-66-NH2 substantially reduced the cell viability in cancerous MDA-MB-231 cells. Cellular uptake and cell death mechanisms were further investigated, demonstrating the internalization of QU@Fe3O4-COOH@UiO-66-NH2 by cancer cells and the induction of cancer cell death through the apoptosis pathway. These findings highlight the considerable potential of Fe3O4-COOH@UiO-66-NH2 as a targeted nanocarrier for the delivery of anticancer drugs.

Improvement of curcumin loading into a nanoporous functionalized poor hydrolytic stable metal-organic framework for high anticancer activity against human gastric cancer AGS cells.

Two low water-stable nanoporous Zn-based Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) with and without the NO2-functional group were synthesized by the reflux method and used to encapsulate curcumin (CCM). The characterization and application of these Zn-based MOFs (DMOF-1 and DMOF-1-NO2) have been studied by FT-IR, PXRD,1H NMR, N2 adsorption, SEM, UV-vis, and fluorescence microscopy methods. The amount of drug loading of DMOF-1 and DMOF-1-NO2 is 22.4 and 28.3 wt%, respectively. The drug loading results were also investigated by the computational simulation method. These kinds of MOFs have poor stability against water. This instability was used as a key to solving the problem of the low solubility of CCM as a model of hydrophobic cancer drug in a water-based medium. The obtained results confirmed that these poor hydrolytic MOFs could improve the solubility of CCM and enhance cytotoxicity against cancer cells (AGS) in comparison with free CCM. These results can prepare a new opportunity to increase the anticancer activity of hydrophobic drugs.

Preparation of thallium nanomaterials from thallium(I) coordination polymers precursors synthesized by green sonochemical and mechanochemical processes.

Microstructures of [Tl2(µ2-ATA)]n (1), [HATA=2-aminoterephthalic acid], supramolecular polymer was synthesized by sonochemical process (1S) and used as new precursor for preparation pure phase of thallium(III) oxide microstructures. [Tl(µ2-dcpa)]n (2), [Hdcpa=2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid], is another supramolecular polymer which was synthesized by green sonochemical (2S) and mechanochemical (2M) processes. These two samples of 2 were also used for preparation of thallium nanomaterials. Both processes on 2 were successful but mixture of Tl, Tl2O3 and TlCl nanostructures with various morphologies from 2S and mixture of Tl2O3 and TlCl nanoparticles from 2M were obtained. These micro and nanostructures were characterized by IR spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM).

The effects of solvent and ultrasonic irradiation in synthesis of thallium(I) nano supramolecular polymers and use them as template for synthesis of thallium(III) oxide nanostructures with desirable morphology.

In order to study the effects of solvent and ultrasonic irradiation on formation of [Tl(HTar)]n (1) and/or [Tl2(Tar)]n (2), [H2Tar = (+)-tartaric acid] supramolecular polymers, we designed some experiments and synthesized four samples of 1 under the reaction of H2Tar and TlNO3 by sonochemical process and as the bulk samples. Nanostructures of compounds 1 and 2 as the bulk samples could be synthesized without ultrasonic irradiation, too. In the presence of ultrasonic waves, with acetonitrile solvent, more discrete nanoparticles were obtained. These four samples have been used as new precursors for preparation of thallium(III) oxide nanostructures via solid-state thermal decomposition process. There is a direct relationship between the morphology of initial precursors and resulting thallium(III) oxide nanostructures. These nanostructures were characterized by IR spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM).

What can only occur in supramolecular systems; first solid-state conversion of micro to nanostructures without any treatment in environmental conditions.

The sonochemical reaction between lead acetate and 5-chloro-8-hydroxyquinoline resulted in formation of one-dimensional pencil shaped [Pb2(5-Clq-8-ol)2(OAc)2]n (1) supramolecular polymer microrods. After three months, these crystalline microrods convert to amorphous nanoparticles of 1 without any treatment in environmental conditions. In the absence of ultrasonic waves, bulk sample of 1 with microrods morphology was obtained again. Surprisingly, these microrods convert to nanorods of 1 with more crystalline structure after three months. It seems that the sonochemical prepared sample of 1 has less crystalline stability than the bulk sample. Although conversion of bulk to nanostructures is very rare in other materials, existence of weak secondary interactions in supramolecular systems, become it possible.

Three-dimensional organometallic thallium(I) supramolecular polymer nanostructures synthesized with sonochemical process.

A new three-dimensional thallium(I) supramolecular polymer, [Tl2(µ2-ATA)]n (1), [H2ATA=2-aminoterephthalic acid], has been synthesized and characterized. The single-crystal X-ray data of compound 1 shows one type of TlI ion with a low coordination number. Compound 1 was self-assembled from Tl⋯C, Tl⋯O and Tl⋯N secondary interactions in thallium(I) coordination and the active lone pair on TlI in this compound may be involved in donor bonding. Two sides of the aromatic ring of ATA2- anion have been involved in two types of secondary Tl⋯C approaches. Three samples of 1 were synthesized with three different concentrations of initial reagents under ultrasonic irradiation. The thermal stability of compound 1 samples were studied by thermo gravimetric (TG) and differential thermal analyses (DTA). These nano-structures were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).