RESUMO
Health literacy is an increasingly required need to help individuals, families and communities manage their health and health conditions. It is linked with better self-adherence to treatments, use of resources, access to care and overall reduced costs in healthcare. In the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), which comprises Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, various health literacy programs are implemented across states to address people's unique and complex healthcare needs. This article aims to examine the current literature and assess the factors that influence the outcomes of health literacy programs within the GCC. An integrative review methodology has been conducted to pursue a comprehensive understanding of health literacy interventions in the GCC. This investigative approach was shaped by Whittemore and Knafl's framework (2005), which includes problem identification, literature search, data evaluation, data analysis and presentation. The literature on the effectiveness of health literacy interventions and the factors that shape them are notably limited worldwide and within the GCC region. This integrative review addresses this knowledge gap and highlights the significance of key themes such as sessions, evaluation and improvement in shaping health literacy outcomes within the GCC region. Through this integrative review, the three main themes of sessions, evaluation and improvement were identified as influencing the outcomes of health literacy programs within the GCC.
Assuntos
Letramento em Saúde , Humanos , Oriente Médio , Promoção da Saúde/métodos , Avaliação de Programas e Projetos de SaúdeRESUMO
This study involved the development of an objective method to compare the performance of five CT scanners for the purpose of benchmarking. The method used to assess the scanners was to determine the dose-normalised noise at a spatial resolution of 5.5 cm(-1). This gave a dose-normalised percent noise between 0.37% and 0.76%. The scanners were also assessed for radiation dose to patients undergoing abdomen and head CT examinations. Patients' dose-length product (DLP) for the abdomen clinical examinations varied from 305 to 685 mGy-cm, and for the head clinical examinations from 333 to 900 mGy-cm. The study results demonstrated that the comparison of dose and spatial resolution normalised percent noise levels is a useful method of comparing CT scanner performance.
Assuntos
Benchmarking/métodos , Análise de Falha de Equipamento/métodos , Análise de Falha de Equipamento/normas , Garantia da Qualidade dos Cuidados de Saúde/métodos , Radiometria/métodos , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/instrumentação , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/normas , Austrália , Benchmarking/normas , Desenho de Equipamento , Guias como Assunto , Garantia da Qualidade dos Cuidados de Saúde/normas , Controle de Qualidade , Doses de Radiação , Radiometria/normas , Padrões de Referência , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Sensibilidade e EspecificidadeRESUMO
The computed tomography dose index (CTDI), dose-length product (DLP) and the effective dose were determined for a range of CT examinations in the Sultanate of Oman. There was a wide variation in CTDI. This shows that there is a variation in both scanner design and the exposure settings used by hospitals. There was also a wide variation in DLP and effective dose, suggesting that in some cases too many slices are taken. Therefore, standard protocols should be designed and adhered to in order that radiation doses may be reduced in the future.