Association between intraoperative ketamine and the incidence of emergence delirium in laparoscopic surgeries: an observational study.

BACKGROUND: Emergence Delirium (ED) is an essential condition in the immediate postoperative period. Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials have concluded that the effect of ketamine on postoperative delirium remains unclear. The present study sought to evaluate if the intraoperative use of ketamine for postoperative analgesia is associated with postoperative ED in laparoscopic surgeries. METHODS: A prospective observational study was performed in the PostAnesthetic Care Unit (PACU) to evaluate patients who had undergone laparoscopic surgery under a rigid intraoperative anesthesia protocol from July 2018 to January 2019. Patients submitted to laparoscopic surgery for cholecystectomy, oophorectomy, or salpingectomy with a score ≥1 on the Richmond Assessment Sedation Scale (RASS) or ≥2 on the Nursing Delirium Screening Scale (Nu-DESC) were considered to have ED. t-test, Chi-Square test or Fisher's exact tests were used for comparison. RESULTS: One hundred and fifteen patients were studied after laparoscopic surgery. Seventeen patients (14.8%) developed ED, and the incidence of ED in patients who received ketamine was not different from that of other patients (18.3% vs. 10.6%, p = 0.262). Patients with ED had more postoperative pain and morphine requirement at the PACU (p = 0.005 and p = 0.025, respectively). Type of surgery (general surgery, OR = 6.4, 95% CI 1.2‒35.2) and postoperative pain (OR = 3.7, 95% CI 1.2‒11.4) were risk factors for ED. CONCLUSION: In this study, no association was found between ED and intraoperative administration of ketamine in laparoscopic surgeries. Type of surgery and postoperative pain were risk factors for ED.

Association between intraoperative ketamine and the incidence of emergence delirium in laparoscopic surgeries: an observational study

Abstract Background: Emergence Delirium (ED) is an essential condition in the immediate postoperative period. Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials have concluded that the effect of ketamine on postoperative delirium remains unclear. The present study sought to evaluate if the intraoperative use of ketamine for postoperative analgesia is associated with postoperative ED in laparoscopic surgeries. Methods: A prospective observational study was performed in the PostAnesthetic Care Unit (PACU) to evaluate patients who had undergone laparoscopic surgery under a rigid intraoperative anesthesia protocol from July 2018 to January 2019. Patients submitted to laparoscopic surgery for cholecystectomy, oophorectomy, or salpingectomy with a score ≥1 on the Richmond Assessment Sedation Scale (RASS) or ≥2 on the Nursing Delirium Screening Scale (Nu-DESC) were considered to have ED. t-test, Chi-Square test or Fisher's exact tests were used for comparison. Results: One hundred and fifteen patients were studied after laparoscopic surgery. Seventeen patients (14.8%) developed ED, and the incidence of ED in patients who received ketamine was not different from that of other patients (18.3% vs. 10.6%, p = 0.262). Patients with ED had more postoperative pain and morphine requirement at the PACU (p = 0.005 and p = 0.025, respectively). Type of surgery (general surgery, OR = 6.4, 95% CI 1.2‒35.2) and postoperative pain (OR = 3.7, 95% CI 1.2‒11.4) were risk factors for ED. Conclusion: In this study, no association was found between ED and intraoperative administration of ketamine in laparoscopic surgeries. Type of surgery and postoperative pain were risk factors for ED.

[Accidental Dural Puncture and Post-dural Puncture Headache in the Obstetric Population: Eight Years of Experience]. / Punção Acidental da Dura e Cefaleia Pós-punção da Dura na População Obstétrica: Oito Anos de Experiência.

INTRODUCTION: Accidental dural puncture is an important complication of regional anesthesia and post-dural puncture headache remains a disable outcome in obstetric population. The aim of our study was to calculate the incidence of accidental puncture and post-puncture headache and evaluate its management among obstetric anesthesiologists. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We conducted a retrospective audit, between January 2007 and December 2014. We reviewed the record sheets of patients who experienced either accidental puncture or post-puncture headache. We excluded the patients undergoing spinal block. We use the SPSS 22.0 for statistical analyses. RESULTS: We obtained 18497 neuro-axial blocks and 58 accidental dural punctures (0.3%). After detected puncture, in 71.4% epidural catheter was re-positioned and 21.4% had intra-thecal catheters. Forty-five (77.6%) developed headache and the prophylactic measures were established in 76.1%. Conservative treatment was performed in all patients. The epidural blood patch was performed in 32.8% with a 84.2% of success. DISCUSSION: The incidence of post-dural puncture headache is unrelated to the type of delivery or insertion of intrathecal catheter. The re-placement of the epidural catheter remains the main approach after puncture. The institution of prophylactic measures is a common practice, despite the low level of evidence. We performed epidural blood patch after failure of conservative treatment. CONCLUSION: The incidence of accidental dural puncture and post-dural puncture headache was similar to the literature. Despite being a common complication, there remains lack of consensus on its approach.

Introdução: A punção acidental da dura é uma importante complicação da anestesia regional e a cefaleia pós-punção continua a ser causa de morbilidade na população obstétrica. O objetivo do nosso estudo foi calcular a incidência de punção acidental e cefaleia pós-punção no nosso Centro Hospitalar e avaliar a sua abordagem entre os anestesiologistas obstétricos. Material e Métodos: Realizámos uma auditoria retrospetiva, entre janeiro de 2007 e dezembro de 2014. Revimos as folhas de registo das doentes em que ocorreu punção inadvertida da dura ou cefaleia pós-punção. Excluímos as doentes submetidas a bloqueio subaracnoideu. Utilizámos o SPSS 22.0 no tratamento estatístico dos dados. Resultados: Obtivémos 18 497 bloqueios neuro-axiais e 58 punções acidentais da dura (0,3%). Após punção detetada, em 71,4% o cateter epidural foi re-posicionado e 21,4% tiveram cateteres intra-tecais. Quarenta e cinco (77,6%) desenvolveram cefaleia e a instituição de medidas profiláticas ocorreu em 76,1%. O tratamento conservador foi efetuado em todas as doentes. O blood patch epidural foi realizado em 32,8% com um sucesso de 84,2%. Discussão: A incidência de cefaleia pós-punção não está relacionada com o tipo de parto ou a inserção do cateter intra-tecal. A re-colocação do cateter epidural mantém-se a abordagem de eleição após punção. A instituição de medidas profiláticas é uma prática comum, apesar do baixo grau de eficácia. Realizámos blood patch epidural após falência do tratamento conservador. Conclusão: A incidência de punção inadvertida e cefaleia pós-punção foi semelhante à da literatura. Apesar de ser uma complicação comum, existe falta de consenso na sua abordagem.