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1.
Int J Mol Sci ; 25(1)2023 Dec 24.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38203451

RESUMO

Tagetes erecta is an edible flower deeply rooted in traditional Mexican culture. It holds a central role in the most popular and iconic Mexican celebration, "the Day of the Dead". Furthermore, it is currently receiving interest as a potential therapeutic agent, motivated mainly by its polyphenol content. The present study aims to evaluate the biological activity of an extract synthesized from the petals of the edible flower T. erecta. This extract showed significant antioxidant scores measured by the most common in vitro methodologies (FRAP, ABTS, and DPPH), with values of 1475.3 µM trolox/g extr, 1950.3 µM trolox/g extr, and 977.7 µM trolox/g extr, respectively. In addition, up to 36 individual polyphenols were identified by chromatography. Regarding the biomedical aspects of the petal extract, it exhibited antitumoral activity against ovarian carcinoma cells evaluated by the MTS assay, revealing a lower value of IC50 compared to other flower extracts. For example, the extract from T. erecta reported an IC50 value half as low as an extract from Rosa × hybrida and six times lower than another extract from Tulbaghia violacea. This antitumoral effect of T. erecta arises from the induction of the apoptotic process; thus, incubating ovarian carcinoma cells with the petal extract increased the rate of apoptotic cells measured by flow cytometry. Moreover, the extract also demonstrated efficacy as a therapeutic agent against tauopathy, a feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in the Caenorhabditis elegans experimental model. Treating worms with the experimental extract prevented disfunction in several motility parameters such as wavelength and swimming speed. Furthermore, the T. erecta petal extract prevented the release of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), which are associated with the progression of AD. Thus, treatment with the extract resulted in an approximate 20% reduction in ROS production. These findings suggest that these petals could serve as a suitable source of polyphenols for biomedical applications.


Assuntos
Doença de Alzheimer , Carcinoma , Neoplasias Ovarianas , Tagetes , Tauopatias , Feminino , Humanos , Animais , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Caenorhabditis elegans , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio , Carcinoma Epitelial do Ovário , Flores , Polifenóis/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia
2.
Sensors (Basel) ; 22(4)2022 Feb 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35214386

RESUMO

Improvements in computing capacity have allowed computers today to execute increasingly complex tasks. One of the main benefits of these improvements is the possibility of developing machine learning algorithms, of which the fields of application are extensive and varied. However, an area in which this type of algorithms acquires an increasing relevance is structural health monitoring (SHM), where inspection strategies and guided wave-based approaches make the evaluation of the structural conditions of an aircraft, vessel or building among others possible, by detecting and classifying existing damages. The use of sensors, data acquisition systems (DAQ) and computation has also allowed these damage detection and classification tasks to be carried out automatically. Despite today's advances, it is still necessary to continue with the development of more robust, reliable, and low-cost structural health monitoring systems. For this reason, this work contemplates three key points: (i) the configuration of a data acquisition system for signal gathering from an an active piezoelectric (PZT) sensor network; (ii) the development of a damage classification methodology based on signal processing techniques (normalization and PCA), from which the models that describe the structural conditions of the plate are built; and (iii) the use of machine learning algorithms, more specifically, three variants of the self-organizing maps called CPANN (counterpropagation artificial neural network), SKN (supervised Kohonen) and XYF (X-Y fused Kohonen). The data obtained allowed one to carry out an experimental validation of the damage classification methodology, to determine the presence of damages in two aluminum plates of different sizes, where masses were added to change the vibrational responses captured by the sensor network and a composite (CFRP) plate with real damages, such as delamination and cracks. This classification methodology allowed one to obtain excellent results by validating the usefulness of the SKN and XYF networks in damage classification tasks, showing overall accuracies of 73.75% and 72.5%, respectively, according to the cross-validation process. These percentages are higher than those obtained in comparison with other neural networks such as: kNN, discriminant analysis, classification trees, partial least square discriminant analysis, and backpropagation neural networks, when the cross-validation process was applied.


Assuntos
Algoritmos , Redes Neurais de Computação , Análise Discriminante , Análise dos Mínimos Quadrados , Aprendizado de Máquina
3.
Biometals ; 27(4): 645-52, 2014 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24855044

RESUMO

The chaperone to Zn-Cu superoxide dismutase (CCS) has been postulated as a candidate copper indicator, changing in a consistent manner in induced and recovered copper deficiency, in experimental cell and animal models. In real life people have various conditions that may modify molecules acting as acute phase proteins, such as serum ceruloplasmin and copper concentration and could alter CCS responses. With the hypothesis that CCS mRNA transcripts and protein would be different in individuals suffering inflammatory processes in comparison to healthy individuals, we assessed adult individuals who, although not ill had conditions known to induce variable degrees of inflammation. Screening of 600 adults resulted in two study groups, formed on the basis of their clinical history and levels of serum C reactive protein (CRP): Group 1 (n = 61, mean (range) CRP = 0.9 (0.3-2.0 mg/dL) and Group 2 (n = 150, mean (range) CRP = 6.1 (4.3-8.7 mg/dL). Results showed that mRNA transcripts relative abundance was not different for CCS, MTIIA, TNF-alpha and Cu-Zn-SOD by group (p > 0.05, one way Anova), nor between sexes (p > 0.05, one way Anova). Distribution of CCS mRNA transcripts and CCS protein in serum did not show any differences or trends. Results disproved our hypothesis that CCS abundance of transcripts and CCS protein would be different in individuals suffering inflammatory processes, adding further support to the idea that CCS may be a copper marker.


Assuntos
Chaperonas Moleculares/genética , Adulto , Biomarcadores/sangue , Cobre/sangue , Feminino , Glutationa/sangue , Humanos , Inflamação/sangue , Ferro/sangue , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Chaperonas Moleculares/sangue , RNA Mensageiro/sangue , RNA Mensageiro/genética , Superóxido Dismutase/sangue , Zinco/sangue
4.
Biometals ; 27(1): 115-23, 2014 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24327293

RESUMO

Divalent Metal Transporter 1 (DMT1) is an apical Fe transporter in the duodenum and is involved in endosomal Fe export. Four protein isoforms have been described for DMT1, two from mRNA with an iron responsive element (IRE) and two from mRNA without it. The sets of two begin in exon 1A or 2. We have characterized copper transport using mouse 2/-IRE DMT1 during regulated ectopic expression. HEK293 cells carrying a TetR:Hyg element were stably transfected with pDEST31 containing a 2/-IRE construct. (64)Cu(1+) incorporation in doxycycline treated cells exhibited 18.6 and 30.0-fold increases in Cu content, respectively when were exposed to 10 and 100 µM of extracellular Cu. Cu content was ~4-fold above that of parent cells or cells carrying just the vector. (64)Cu uptake in transfected cells pre-incubated with 5 µM of Cu-His revealed a Vmax and Km of 11.98 ± 0.52 pmol mg protein(-1) min(-1) and 2.03 ± 0.03 µM, respectively. Doxycycline-stimulated Cu uptake was linear with time. The rates of apical Cu uptake decreased and transepithelial transport increased when intracellular Cu increased. The optimal pH for Cu transport was 6.5; uptake of Cu was temperature dependent. Silver does not inhibit Cu uptake in cells carrying the vector. In conclusion, Cu uptake in HEK293 cells that over-expressed the 2/-IRE isoform of DMT1 transporter supports our earlier contention that DMT1 transports Cu as Cu(1+).


Assuntos
Proteínas de Transporte de Cátions/metabolismo , Cobre/metabolismo , Animais , Transporte Biológico , Células HEK293 , Humanos , Camundongos
5.
J Am Nutr Assoc ; : 1-10, 2024 Sep 27.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39331669

RESUMO

Objective: Physalis Peruviana Linnaeus (PPL) is an herbaceous species characterized by a wide variety of bioactive compounds to which anti-inflammatory properties have been attributed. This makes this fruit a possible complementary therapy for diseases that involve chronic inflammation, such as inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). In the present study, the effect of a PPL extract on the expression of inflammatory markers in the Caco-2 cell line was evaluated.Methods: An in vitro gastric digest (50 g PPL pulp) was performed, obtaining an extract that was used to challenge Caco-2 cells for 24 and 72 hours. This extract was characterized by LC-MS/MS. Then, the relative mRNA expression of NF-kB, TLR4, IL-18 and MCP-1 was determined through qRT-PCR and the protein levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, IL-18 and MCP-1 through Luminex Immunoassay.Results: From the characterization of the extract, compounds with bioactive potential such as isothiocyanates, indoles and coumarins were found. Treatment of Caco-2 cells with PPL extract (80 µg/ml), particularly for 72 hours, produced a reduction of IL-18 and MCP-1 mRNA expression (p < 0.01), in addition to IL-18 (p < 0.01), IL-8 (p < 0.0001) and MCP-1 (p < 0.01) protein levels, however, no effects on NF-kB p65 (p = 0.09) and TLR4 (p = 0.20) mRNA expression were observed.Conclusion: The results obtained in this study open the possibility that the regular consumption of 50 g of PPL could constitute a possible complementary therapy for the treatment of IBD, improving the quality of life of these patients.

6.
J Neurochem ; 126(4): 541-9, 2013 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23506423

RESUMO

Inflammation and iron accumulation are present in a variety of neurodegenerative diseases that include Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. The study of the putative association between inflammation and iron accumulation in central nervous system cells is relevant to understand the contribution of these processes to the progression of neuronal death. In this study, we analyzed the effects of the inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) and of lipopolysaccharide on total cell iron content and on the expression and abundance of the iron transporters divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) and Ferroportin 1 (FPN1) in neurons, astrocytes and microglia obtained from rat brain. Considering previous reports indicating that inflammatory stimuli induce the systemic synthesis of the master iron regulator hepcidin, we identified brain cells that produce hepcidin in response to inflammatory stimuli, as well as hepcidin-target cells. We found that inflammatory stimuli increased the expression of DMT1 in neurons, astrocytes, and microglia. Inflammatory stimuli also induced the expression of hepcidin in astrocytes and microglia, but not in neurons. Incubation with hepcidin decreased the expression of FPN1 in the three cell types. The net result of these changes was increased iron accumulation in neurons and microglia but not in astrocytes. The data presented here establish for the first time a causal association between inflammation and iron accumulation in brain cells, probably promoted by changes in DMT1 and FPN1 expression and mediated in part by hepcidin. This connection may potentially contribute to the progression of neurodegenerative diseases by enhancing iron-induced oxidative damage.


Assuntos
Peptídeos Catiônicos Antimicrobianos/genética , Proteínas de Transporte de Cátions/genética , Encefalite/imunologia , Encefalite/metabolismo , Ferro/metabolismo , Animais , Peptídeos Catiônicos Antimicrobianos/imunologia , Peptídeos Catiônicos Antimicrobianos/metabolismo , Astrócitos/citologia , Astrócitos/imunologia , Astrócitos/metabolismo , Encéfalo/citologia , Encéfalo/imunologia , Proteínas de Transporte de Cátions/imunologia , Proteínas de Transporte de Cátions/metabolismo , Encefalite/genética , Feminino , Feto/citologia , Hepcidinas , Interleucina-6/imunologia , Interleucina-6/farmacologia , Lipopolissacarídeos/farmacologia , Masculino , Microglia/citologia , Microglia/imunologia , Microglia/metabolismo , Degeneração Neural/genética , Degeneração Neural/imunologia , Degeneração Neural/metabolismo , Neurônios/citologia , Neurônios/imunologia , Neurônios/metabolismo , Cultura Primária de Células , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/imunologia , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/farmacologia
7.
Food Nutr Bull ; 34(2): 215-21, 2013 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23964394

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Type 2 diabetes is highly prevalent in populations having high rates of overweight and obesity. It is a chronic condition responsible for long-term severe dysfunction of several organs, including the kidneys, heart, blood vessels, and eyes. Although there are a number of pharmacologic products in the market to treat insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion--the most prominent features of this disease--interventions directed at preserving the integrity and function of beta-cells in the long term are less available. The use of some nutrients with important cellular protective roles that may lead to a preservation of beta-cells has not been fully tested; among these, zinc may be an interesting candidate. OBJECTIVE: To assess the potential of zinc supplementation as coadjuvant to diabetes therapy. METHODS: This article reviews the available information on the use of zinc as part of diabetes therapy. RESULTS: Cellular and animal models provide information on the insulin mimetic action of zinc, as well as its role as a regulator of oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and insulin secretion. Zinc supplementation studies in humans are limited, although some positive effects have been reported; mainly, a modest but significant reduction in fasting glucose and a trend to decreased glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). CONCLUSIONS: Zinc supplementation may have beneficial effects on glycemic control. Nevertheless, among the studies considered, the vast majority lasted for 6 months or less, suggesting the importance of conducting long-duration studies given the characteristics of type 2 diabetes as a chronic disease.


Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamento farmacológico , Zinco/uso terapêutico , Animais , Apoptose , Glicemia/análise , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicações , Suplementos Nutricionais , Humanos , Inflamação , Insulina/metabolismo , Resistência à Insulina , Secreção de Insulina , Células Secretoras de Insulina/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Secretoras de Insulina/fisiologia , Estresse Oxidativo , Zinco/administração & dosagem , Zinco/fisiologia
8.
Nutrients ; 15(7)2023 Mar 31.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37049547

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the nutritional status and plasma levels of vitamins and minerals in a cohort of Chilean children between 4 and 14 years old from three cities in Chile (Santiago, Antofagasta, and Concepcion). DESIGN: This is a descriptive analysis of micronutrient levels in Chilean children as it relates to obesity and food consumption. SETTING: This study included 1235 children from schools in Santiago (central area), Antofagasta (northern area), and Concepcion (southern area) in Chile. RESULTS: Plasma levels of micronutrients revealed deficiencies in children from all these cities. Copper (26.4%) and calcium (33.0%) deficiencies were found in the children from Antofagasta, whereas iron (26.7%) and zinc (20.8%) deficiencies were found in the children from Concepcion and Santiago, respectively. The percentage of children with vitamin D deficiencies was exceptionally high in all cities (over 78%). The analysis of micronutrients and nutritional status revealed that vitamin D deficiencies were significantly higher (p = 0.02) in overweight children, particularly in Antofagasta. In the analysis of the nutritional status of children and their food consumption habits, the proportion of overweight and obesity was significantly higher (p = 0.001) in children that skipped breakfast compared to children that did not. Finally, children from low socioeconomic levels were significantly more overweight and obese compared to children from high socioeconomic levels (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: this is the first study to describe plasma levels of micronutrients in Chilean children and adolescents. High percentages of obesity, overweight, and vitamin D deficiency were detected in children. These results are of significant relevance to future public health policies in Chile.


Assuntos
Obesidade Infantil , Oligoelementos , Deficiência de Vitamina D , Adolescente , Humanos , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Micronutrientes , Chile/epidemiologia , Obesidade Infantil/epidemiologia , Sobrepeso , Estado Nutricional , Deficiência de Vitamina D/epidemiologia , Prevalência
9.
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol ; 302(12): C1780-5, 2012 Jun 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22496243

RESUMO

Heme-Fe is an important source of dietary iron in humans; however, the mechanism for heme-Fe uptake by enterocytes is poorly understood. Heme carrier protein 1 (HCP1) was originally identified as mediating heme-Fe transport although it later emerged that it was a folate transporter. We asked what happened to heme-Fe and folate uptake and the relative abundance of hcp1 and ho1 mRNA in Caco-2 cells after knockdown by transfection with HCP1-directed short hairpin (sh)RNA. Control Caco-2 cells were cultured in bicameral chambers with 0-80 µM heme-Fe for selected times. Intracellular Fe and heme concentration increased in Caco-2 cells reflecting higher external heme-Fe concentrations. Maximum Fe, heme, and heme oxygenase 1 (HO1) expression and activity were observed between 12 and 24 h of incubation. Quantitative RT-PCR for hcp1 revealed that its mRNA decreased at 20 µM heme-Fe while ho1 mRNA and activity increased. When shRNA knocked down hcp1 mRNA, heme-(55)Fe uptake and [(3)H]folate transport mirrored the mRNA decrease, ho1 mRNA increased, and flvcr mRNA was unchanged. These data argue that HCP1 is involved in low-affinity heme-Fe uptake not just in folate transport.


Assuntos
Enterócitos/metabolismo , Heme/metabolismo , Ferro/metabolismo , Transportador de Folato Acoplado a Próton/metabolismo , Animais , Células CACO-2 , Compostos Férricos/administração & dosagem , Compostos Férricos/sangue , Heme Oxigenase-1/metabolismo , Humanos , Injeções Intravenosas , Radioisótopos de Ferro , Proteínas de Membrana Transportadoras/genética , Proteínas de Membrana Transportadoras/metabolismo , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Transportador de Folato Acoplado a Próton/genética , Interferência de RNA , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Coelhos , Receptores Virais/genética , Receptores Virais/metabolismo , Fatores de Tempo , Transfecção
10.
J Clin Microbiol ; 50(3): 569-72, 2012 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22170904

RESUMO

Dried blood spots (DBS) may be a promising alternative specimen type to plasma for measuring the viral load (VL) in HIV-infected individuals in resource-limited settings. However, characterization of assay performance using DBS is incomplete. In this prospective study, the VL was measured in parallel using plasma and DBS specimens collected at the same time from 157 HIV-1-infected individuals. DBS were prepared by dispensing 50 µl of blood onto filter paper cards and were stored desiccated at -20°C. Nucleic acid extraction from plasma and DBS was performed automatically using the Abbott m2000sp instrument, and the VL was measured using the RealTime HIV-1 VL assay, which has a lower limit of detection of 40 HIV RNA copies/ml. The correlation between plasma and DBS results was good (R = 0.91; P < 0.001). The mean difference in the VL (DBS minus plasma) was 0.35 log copies (standard deviation [SD], 0.47 log copies). A total of 40 (26%) paired specimens had a difference of >0.5 log copy, and in 12 (7.8%) it was >1 log copy. the VL from DBS was measurable in 95.7% of specimens with a plasma VL of >2.74 log copies (550 HIV RNA copies/ml). In summary, the VL can reliably be measured using DBS with the Abbott RealTime HIV-1 assay. The estimated lower limit of detection of this automated methodology on DBS is 550 copies/ml, a threshold that may be acceptable for periodic VL monitoring in patients on antiretroviral therapy in resource-limited settings, where early detection of virologic treatment failure is often problematic.


Assuntos
Sangue/virologia , Infecções por HIV/virologia , HIV-1/isolamento & purificação , RNA Viral/sangue , Manejo de Espécimes/métodos , Carga Viral/métodos , Adulto , Automação/métodos , Dessecação , HIV-1/genética , Humanos , Estudos Prospectivos , RNA Viral/genética , RNA Viral/isolamento & purificação
11.
J Nutr ; 142(2): 233-7, 2012 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22223567

RESUMO

Liver cells respond to copper loading upregulating protective mechanisms. However, to date, except for liver content, there are no good indicators that identify individuals with excess liver copper. We hypothesized that administering high doses of copper to young (5.5 mg Cu · kg⁻¹ . d⁻¹) and adult (7.5 mg Cu · kg⁻¹ . d⁻¹) capuchin monkeys would induce detectable liver damage. Study groups included adult monkeys (2 females, 2 males) 3-3.5 y old at enrollment treated with copper for 36 mo (ACu); age-matched controls (1 female, 3 males) that did not receive additional copper (AC); young monkeys (2 female, 2 males) treated from birth with copper for 36 mo (YCu); and young age-matched controls (2 female, 2 males) that did not receive additional copper (YC). We periodically assessed clinical, blood biochemical, and liver histological indicators and at 36 mo the hepatic mRNA abundance of MT2a, APP, DMT1, CTR1, HGF, TGFß, and NFκΒ only in adult monkeys. After 36 mo, the liver copper concentration was 4-5 times greater in treated monkeys relative to controls. All monkeys remained healthy with normal routine serum biochemical indices and there was no evidence of liver tissue damage. Relative mRNA abundance of HGF, TGFß and NFκB was significantly greater in ACu than in AC monkeys. In conclusion, capuchin monkeys exposed to copper at doses up to 50 times the current upper level enhanced expression of genes related to inflammation and injury without clinical, blood biochemical, or histological evidence of liver damage.


Assuntos
Doença Hepática Induzida por Substâncias e Drogas/patologia , Gluconatos/administração & dosagem , Gluconatos/toxicidade , Fígado/metabolismo , Transcrição Gênica/fisiologia , Administração Oral , Envelhecimento , Animais , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Cebus , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Feminino , Gluconatos/análise , Cabelo/química , Fígado/citologia , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Testes de Função Hepática , Masculino , Modelos Animais , RNA Mensageiro/genética , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Transcrição Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos
12.
Biometals ; 25(2): 383-91, 2012 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22124795

RESUMO

Assessment of proteins in blood and other tissues has failed to identify markers of early copper effects on health. Studies in animal models show that chaperone of SOD (CCS) respond to changes of copper status. Evidence about other copper chaperones (COXIV, ATOX) is not clear. The aim of this study was to assess by means of an in vitro challenge the mRNA relative abundance of ccs, sod1, coxIV, mtIIa and atox in peripheral mononuclear cells (PMNCs) obtained from healthy individuals, acutely and chronically supplemented with small-to-moderate amounts of copper. Healthy participants received 8 mg Cu/d (supplemented group, SG) or placebo, (placebo group, PG) for 2 months. Biochemical indicators were assessed at basal (T0) and after 2 (T2) and 60 days (T60). At these times PMNCs were obtained, challenged with 1, 5 or 20 µM Cu-histidine for 20 h and the mRNA relative abundance of the selected genes assessed by real time PCR. The results showed that at T0, intracellular copper was not different between experimental and control groups. This increased at T2 and T60 when the copper in the media increased (two-way ANOVA, P < 0.001). In PG, CCS mRNA transcripts showed no significant changes (two-way ANOVA) at T2 and T60. In SG, CCS changed by treatment, time and interaction (two-way ANOVA, all P < 0.001). SOD, ATOX and COXIV expressions changed in both PG and SG showing various patterns of response, requiring further study. MTII responded as expected. We conclude that using healthy individuals as a human model, CCS but not SOD, ATOX or COXIV responded consistently to controlled changes of copper availability in an in vitro copper challenge.


Assuntos
Proteínas de Transporte de Cátions/genética , Cobre/administração & dosagem , Complexo IV da Cadeia de Transporte de Elétrons/genética , Chaperonas Moleculares/genética , Adulto , Proteínas de Transporte de Cobre , Suplementos Nutricionais , Feminino , Humanos , Leucócitos Mononucleares/metabolismo , Masculino , Metalochaperonas , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Subunidades Proteicas , RNA Mensageiro/sangue , Superóxido Dismutase/genética
13.
Biometals ; 25(4): 725-35, 2012 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22450556

RESUMO

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is directly related to alterations in iron status, oxidative stress and decreased mitochondrial activity, but the possible interaction of these parameters among T2D patients and their offspring is unclear. The whole study included 301 subjects: 77 T2D patients and one of their offspring and 51 control subjects with one of their offspring. The offspring were older than 20 years old. We measured parameters of iron status (serum iron, ferritin and transferrin receptor), diabetes (pre and post-prandial glucose, insulin, lipids), oxidative stress (Heme oxygenase activity, TBARS, SOD, GSH, Vitamin E), as well as the expression of genes in blood leukocytes related to mitochondrial apopotosis (mitofusin and Bcl/Bax ratios). The offspring of T2D patients had increased levels of serum ferritin (P < 0.01) and lower transferrin receptor (P < 0.008); higher insulin (P < 0.03) and total and LDL cholesterol; higher heme oxygenase and SOD activities increased TBARS and lower GSH; decreased mitofusin and Bcl/Bax expression ratios compared to offspring of normal subjects. These results suggest that the offspring of T2D patients could have an increased metabolic risk of develop a cardiovascular disease mediated by oxidative stress and iron status.


Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/sangue , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/metabolismo , Ferro/metabolismo , Mitocôndrias/metabolismo , Estresse Oxidativo/fisiologia , Adulto , Células Cultivadas , Feminino , Ferritinas/sangue , Glutationa/sangue , Heme Oxigenase (Desciclizante)/metabolismo , Humanos , Insulina/sangue , Lipídeos/sangue , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Proteínas de Transporte da Membrana Mitocondrial/metabolismo , Estresse Oxidativo/genética , Receptores da Transferrina/sangue , Superóxido Dismutase/metabolismo , Substâncias Reativas com Ácido Tiobarbitúrico/metabolismo , Vitamina E/sangue
14.
Rev Med Chil ; 140(11): 1377-82, 2012 Nov.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23677182

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The pharmacological action of metformin goes beyond mere glycemic control, decreasing markers of inflammation and contributing to the reduction of oxidative stress. AIM: To evaluate biochemical, anthropometric and pro-inflammatory markers in obese type 2 diabetic patients treated or not with metformin. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Obese patients with type 2 diabetes were invited to participate in the study if they were aged more than 40 years, were not receiving insulin, did not have cardiovascular diseases and were not taking anti-inflammatory drugs. A pharmacological history was taken and patients were stratified in two groups whether they were using metformin or not. A fasting blood sample was obtained to measure blood glucose, insulin, lipid levels, C reactive protein (hsCRP) and to isolate peripheral blood mononuclear cells. RNA was isolated from these cells to measure expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB), Toll-Like Receptor 2/4 (TLR 2/4) and beta-2-microglobulin (B2M). RESULTS: Thirty participants were studied. Of these, 16 subjects aged 54.4 ± 5.5years were treated with metformin and 14 subjects aged 54.9 ± 6.4 years did not receive the drug. Participants receiving metformin had lower levels of hsCRP and lower mRNA relative abundance of TNF-α and TLR 2/4. There were no differences in glucose levels or lipid profile between both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Obese diabetic patients treated with metformin had lower levels of hsCRP expression of TNF-α and TLR 2/4, than their counterparts not receiving the drug.


Assuntos
Proteína C-Reativa/análise , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamento farmacológico , Hipoglicemiantes/uso terapêutico , Metformina/uso terapêutico , Obesidade/sangue , Receptores Toll-Like/sangue , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/sangue , Biomarcadores/análise , Índice de Massa Corporal , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/sangue , Humanos , Hipoglicemiantes/farmacologia , Inflamação/genética , Interleucina-6/sangue , Interleucina-6/genética , Leucócitos Mononucleares/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Metformina/farmacologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Obesidade/complicações , Obesidade/fisiopatologia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real , Receptores Toll-Like/genética , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/genética
15.
Rev Med Chil ; 140(9): 1109-15, 2012 Sep.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23354631

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Several polymorphisms of the CTLA4 gene have been associated with autoimmune diseases. The activation of induced cell death is the major event and caspase 3 represents the main protein for the apoptotic machinery, especially in lymphocytes. AIM: To correlate CTLA4 polymorphisms with caspase 3 expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) simulating in vitro the glucose effect. MATERIAL AND METHODS: CTLA4 polymorphisms were determined by restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs). PBMC from 21 patients with type 1 diabetes aged 8.5 ± 4.3 years and 21 healthy subjects aged 18.3 ± 1.8 years, were stimulated under normal (5 mM) and toxic (14 mM) glucose conditions to assess its effect on the expression and activity of caspase 3. Relative abundance of caspase 3 mRNA was measured by semi quantitative RT-PCR and its activity, by a colorimetric assay. RESULTS: When stimulated with 14 mM glucose, PBMC of G allele carriers with type 1 diabetes had significantly lower relative mRNA abundance of caspase 3 (median value = 0.12, range 0.01-0.70 AU) compared with non-carriers (median value = 0.81, range 0.06-1.09 AU). When the incubation was carried out with the lower glucose concentration, a similar profile of caspase 3 activity was observed in diabetic patients carrying G allele (median value = 0.57, range 0.13-1.20 AU) as compared with non-carriers (median value = 0.89, range 0.14-5.50 AU). No significant changes after stimulating with glucose, were observed in PBMCs of the control group. CONCLUSIONS: PBMC of recently diagnosed patients with T1D, carrying the G allele in + 49A/G polymorphisms of CTLA4, have a decreased expression and activity of caspase 3.


Assuntos
Antígeno CTLA-4/genética , Caspase 3/deficiência , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/enzimologia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/genética , Polimorfismo Genético/genética , Adolescente , Alelos , Apoptose , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Criança , Feminino , Genótipo , Humanos , Leucócitos Mononucleares/enzimologia , Masculino , Polimorfismo de Fragmento de Restrição
16.
J Nutr ; 141(9): 1652-6, 2011 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21795430

RESUMO

Calcium is the only known component in the diet that may affect absorption of both nonheme and heme iron. However, the evidence for a calcium effect on iron absorption mainly comes from studies that did not isolate the effect of calcium from that of other dietary components, because it was detected in single-meal studies. Our objective was to establish potential effects of calcium on absorption of nonheme and heme iron and the dose response for this effect in the absence of a meal. Fifty-four healthy, nonpregnant women were selected to participate in 4 iron absorption studies using iron radioactive tracers. We evaluated the effects of calcium doses between 200 and 1500 mg on absorption of 5 mg nonheme iron (as ferrous sulfate). We also evaluated the effects of calcium doses between 200 and 800 mg on absorption of 5 mg heme iron [as concentrated RBC (CRBC)]. Calcium was administered as calcium chloride in all studies and minerals were ingested on an empty stomach. Calcium doses ≥1000 mg diminished nonheme iron absorption by an average of 49.6%. A calcium dose of 800 mg diminished absorption of 5 mg heme iron by 37.7%. In conclusion, we demonstrated an isolated effect of calcium (as chloride) on absorption of 5 mg of iron provided as nonheme (as sulfate) and heme (as CRBC) iron. This effect was observed at doses higher than previously reported from single-meal studies, starting at ~800 mg of calcium.


Assuntos
Cálcio/farmacologia , Heme/farmacocinética , Ferro/administração & dosagem , Ferro/farmacocinética , Adulto , Anemia Ferropriva/tratamento farmacológico , Cálcio/administração & dosagem , Suplementos Nutricionais , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Interações Medicamentosas , Feminino , Humanos , Ferro/uso terapêutico , Pessoa de Meia-Idade
17.
Eur J Nutr ; 50(8): 637-43, 2011 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21327555

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To study heme iron bioavailability and the role of dietary protein (animal and vegetable) on iron uptake using an in vitro model (Caco-2 cell line). METHODS: Caco-2 cells were seeded in bicameral chambers with different animal (beef, chicken or fish) or vegetable (peas, lentils, and soybeans) proteins or with pure animal (collagen and casein) or vegetable (gliadin, zein, and glutein) protein extracts. The effect of each protein over heme iron absorption was assessed. RESULTS: Intact heme uptake was higher than either heme plus albumin or digested heme plus albumin, but lower than digested heme. White meal exerted the highest inhibitory effect on hemin uptake. Heme iron uptake decreased in the presence of all legume extracts, but was not significantly different among them (one-way ANOVA, NS). Pure animal (collagen and casein) and vegetable (zein and glutelin) proteins increased heme iron uptake, except for gliadin. CONCLUSION: Animal and vegetable protein in general decreased heme iron uptake. However, purified animal and vegetable protein induce an increase in heme iron uptake.


Assuntos
Proteínas Alimentares/administração & dosagem , Heme/farmacocinética , Ferro da Dieta/farmacocinética , Carne , Proteínas de Vegetais Comestíveis/administração & dosagem , Absorção , Animais , Disponibilidade Biológica , Células CACO-2 , Caseínas/metabolismo , Bovinos , Galinhas , Colágeno/metabolismo , Fabaceae , Peixes , Glutens/metabolismo , Humanos , Zeína/metabolismo
18.
J Clin Lab Anal ; 25(6): 375-81, 2011 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22086789

RESUMO

AIM: To determine risk parameters associated with high values of high sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) in subjects with different glucose fasting levels. METHODS: Anthropometric parameters, arterial pressure, glycemia, lipid profile, uric acid, and hsCRP were studied in a population of 513 individuals between 40 and 65 years. RESULTS: In total, 349 (68.0%) were normoglycemic (NG); 113 (22.0%) had impaired fasting glucose (IFG); and 51 (9.9%) were diabetic subjects. A multivariate linear regression analysis showed that the natural logarithm of hsCRP was associated significantly with glycemia levels (P = 0.009), uric acid (P = 0.001), diastolic blood pressure (P = 0.011), smoking habit (P = 0.021), BMI (P<0.001), and sex (P<0.001). One-third of the NG subjects had high hsCRP levels. A multiple logistic regression analysis showed that sex and BMI were variables related to high levels of hsCRP in subjects with IFG and NG. In NG subjects, uric acid levels were associated with risk of presenting high hsCRP levels and were higher in women than men. In NG women, ROC curves analysis identified a uric acid level of 3.9 mg/dl as a cut-off point to predict a high value of hsCRP. Those individuals with uric acid values higher than 3.9 mg/dl and normal glycemia had 3.5-fold more risk of having hsCRP levels over 3.0 mg/l. CONCLUSIONS: We sustain that high levels of hsCRP are associated with disturbance in carbohydrate metabolism. In addition, we believe that in low cardiovascular risk population, such as NG women, uric acid levels above 3.9 mg/dl might represent a signal of possible pro-inflammatory state and cardiovascular risk.


Assuntos
Glicemia/metabolismo , Proteína C-Reativa/análise , Metabolismo dos Carboidratos , Transtornos do Metabolismo de Glucose/sangue , Ácido Úrico/sangue , Adulto , Idoso , Pressão Sanguínea , Índice de Massa Corporal , Doenças Cardiovasculares , Jejum , Feminino , Humanos , Hipoglicemia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade
19.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A ; 105(47): 18578-83, 2008 Nov 25.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19011085

RESUMO

Dopaminergic cell death in the substantia nigra (SN) is central to Parkinson's disease (PD), but the neurodegenerative mechanisms have not been completely elucidated. Iron accumulation in dopaminergic and glial cells in the SN of PD patients may contribute to the generation of oxidative stress, protein aggregation, and neuronal death. The mechanisms involved in iron accumulation also remain unclear. Here, we describe an increase in the expression of an isoform of the divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1/Nramp2/Slc11a2) in the SN of PD patients. Using the PD animal model of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) intoxication in mice, we showed that DMT1 expression increases in the ventral mesencephalon of intoxicated animals, concomitant with iron accumulation, oxidative stress, and dopaminergic cell loss. In addition, we report that a mutation in DMT1 that impairs iron transport protects rodents against parkinsonism-inducing neurotoxins MPTP and 6-hydroxydopamine. This study supports a critical role for DMT1 in iron-mediated neurodegeneration in PD.


Assuntos
Proteínas de Transporte de Cátions/fisiologia , Doença de Parkinson/patologia , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Animais , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Dopamina/metabolismo , Humanos , Ferro/metabolismo , Camundongos , Estresse Oxidativo , Doença de Parkinson/metabolismo , Doença de Parkinson/fisiopatologia
20.
Animals (Basel) ; 11(3)2021 Mar 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33799563

RESUMO

The aim of this work was to determine in an exploratory manner the effect of excessive iron supplementation on iron, zinc, and copper contents in pork and pork offal. Pigs averaging 50 days in age and 15 ± 1.3 kg body weight were allocated to a control group (500 ppm dietary Fe) and a supplemental group (3000 ppm dietary Fe). After an iron supplementation period of 60 days, blood samples were analyzed to determine iron biomarkers, serum copper, and zinc contents. Animals were slaughtered to assess total iron, non-heme iron, heme iron, zinc, and copper contents in samples of nine meat cuts and some offal. Iron supplementation improved the iron status in pigs with increased hemoglobin and hematocrit, but did not affect serum levels of iron, zinc, and copper. Iron supplementation did not affect the heme and non-heme iron contents of the different meat cuts. Zinc contents decreased by 32-55% in meat cuts, where iron content increased in the liver, spleen, kidneys, and pancreas. No differences of zinc and copper were observed in offal samples. High concentrations of iron supplementation reduce zinc content in pork.

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