An Analysis of the Longitudinal Effects of Academic Stress, Insecure Attachment, and Sense of Community on Adolescent Suicidal Ideation.

This study aimed to examine the independent influences of academic stress, insecure attachment, and sense of community on suicidal ideation among adolescents. In particular, the independent influence of the sense of community on adolescent suicide was verified by controlling for other variables. For this purpose, youth data (7324 persons) from the panel data of the 4th to 6th Korean Education Longitudinal Studies of the Korea Educational Development Institute were used. Statistical analyses were performed using a generalized estimation equation (GEE). The analysis revealed that gender, academic stress, insecure attachment, and sense of community significantly influenced suicidal ideation. Female students had higher suicidal ideation than male students, and the higher the academic stress and degree of insecure attachment, the higher the suicidal ideation. In particular, the independent influence of a sense of community on suicidal ideation was significant; the higher the sense of community, the lower the suicide ideation score. The implication of this study is to comprehensively consider the factors related to adolescent suicidal ideation in various systems based on Bronfenbrenner's ecological theory. This research suggests that helping schools and communities to increase their sense of community, which is a macrosystem factor, is important in preventing adolescent suicide.

Impacts of Perceived Stress, Neglect, Victim and Respect for Human Rights on Depression of Adolescents.

The purpose of this study was to identify the impacts of perceived stress, neglect, online and offline violence, and respect for human rights on depression. To fulfill the purpose of the study, the data of 6277 middle and high school students (M = 15.64, SD = 1.69) from the Survey on the Human Rights of Children and Youth (2018) were used. The main results of the hierarchical multiple regression analysis are as follows. First, gender and age had significant impacts on depression. Second, neglect, perceived stress, and online violence were positively related to depression, whereas offline violence showed no relationship with depression. Third, respect for human rights, which is the final stage of the hierarchical multiple regression analysis, was negatively associated with depression. This study contributed to the research by verifying that perceived respect for human rights is a protective factor against depression.

The relationship between personality, social capital, and life satisfaction of elderly Koreans.

BACKGROUND: There are very few studies that explain the life satisfaction of the elderly by considering both internal factors such as personality and social capital. Therefore, this study analyzed the relationship between personality, social capital, and life satisfaction among elderly Koreans. METHODS: This study analyzed the survey data on Koreans' happiness and quality of life 2019. Participants included a total of 1280 elderly adults aged 60-79 years. RESULTS: A multiple hierarchical regression analysis indicated that higher health status was related to higher life satisfaction, while neuroticism was negatively related to life satisfaction. Of particular note, increased structural and cognitive social capital were associated with higher life satisfaction. However, income, financial problems, and extraversion were not related to life satisfaction. The total explanatory amount of the regression model was 38.5%. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that researchers and clinicians should consider a combination of factors associated with both personality and social capital when aiming to improve life satisfaction for the elderly.

The Relationship Between Parental Neglect, School Adjustment, and Smartphone Dependence in Korean Adolescents: Verification Using Multivariate Latent Growth Modeling.

The Social bonding theory assumes that social ties are closely associated with maladaptive behavior, and this theory may be applied to explain the smartphone dependence in adolescence. The purpose of this study was to verify how school adjustment mediated the relationship between the parental neglect and smartphone dependence. The data from Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey were utilized in this study. Participants were 2280 students in the 2nd year of middle school [male 1152, female 1128; 13.89 years (SD = 0.34)] who were followed up for four years. We conducted a Multivariate Latent Growth Modeling (LGM) to verify the relationships between variables. In addition, mediating effect was analyzed using the Bootstrapping Test. Findings indicated that parental neglect was negatively associated with school adjustment in the first wave, and school adjustment showed a greater decrease as parental neglect indicated a greater increase. In addition, school adjustment was negatively associated with smartphone dependence in the first wave, and smartphone dependence showed a greater decrease as school adjustment indicated a greater increase. Mediating effect indicated that parental neglect indirectly influences smartphone dependence fully mediating school adjustment. In conclusion, parental neglect indirectly influences smartphone dependence by interfering with school adjustment. In addition, reducing the negative effects of parental neglect on school adaptation may be an effective strategy to prevent smartphone dependence in adolescence.

Association between resilience, social support, and institutional trust and post-traumatic stress disorder after natural disasters.

Disasters can cause significant personal and social distress and adversely affect mental health. Compared with research on the risk factors of post-disaster post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), limited studies have reported protective factors against PTSD. We investigated whether resilience, social support, and trust in government were associated with PTSD in disaster survivors, after adjustment for the perceived damage and demographic variables including sex, age, and economic status. We investigated 2311 disaster survivors, using data from the "Long-term survey on the change of life of Disaster victim" performed by NDMI(National Disaster Management Research Institute). Hierarchical regression analysis was used in this study. A high level of trust in institutions was associated with few PTSD symptoms after adjustment for resilience and social support. Among the subfactors of institutional trust, psychological counseling and environmental and facility restoration were associated with PTSD. Psychological counseling and environmental and facility restoration support for disaster survivors were associated with reduced PTSD symptoms. Post-disaster policy support, including psychological counseling and environmental and facility restoration services, is important. Our findings highlight the protective factors against PTSD symptoms and may serve as guidelines for specific interventions for the management of post-disaster PTSD.

The Association Between Depression and Death Anxiety Among Older Adults: Moderating Effect of Ego-Integrity.

This study verifies the relationship between depression and death anxiety in older adults and the moderating effect of ego-integrity on this relationship. The survey was conducted with 236 participants aged 65 years and older through a combination of online and offline surveys. The final data were analyzed using the PROCESS macro for SPSS 2.16. The main findings of this study are as follows: First, depression in old age was positively related to anxiety about death. Second, the moderating effect of ego-integrity was observed on the relationship between depression and death anxiety. Third, on examining the moderating effect of each sub-variable of ego-integrity, the moderating effect of satisfaction with one's life was observed to be significant. Conversely, the moderating effect of attitude toward life and acceptance of old age was not significant. The results of this study are meaningful in examining the moderating effect of ego-integrity on the relationship between depression and death anxiety. Furthermore, the results of this study can provide basic data for the development and application of psychological intervention programs for older adults experiencing psychological problems due to depression and death anxiety in old age.

The Effect of Cigarette Use and Dual-Use on Depression and Sleep Quality.

Background: Recently, the use of cigarettes and e-cigarettes rises among Korean adults. This study examined between-groups differences in depression and sleep quality based on smoking/vaping status. Methods: The groups were classified into non-users, cigarette users, and dual-users according to the present use of cigarettes and e-cigarettes. Data from the 2018 Korean Community Health Survey (KCHS) were used in this study. The participants were 153,646 adults aged > 19cyears. Results: One-way analysis of covariance models showed that dual-users reported significantly higher depression scores (PHQ-9) and significantly lower sleep quality (PSQI-K), respectively, than did cigarette users and non-users. Conclusions: These results imply that dual-use can have a negative impact on mental health. This study supports previous studies on the harmfulness of dual-use and suggests that more studies related to the dual-use of cigarettes should be conducted in the future.

Influence of Health-Related Status and Social Activities on Depressive Symptoms in Korean Older Adults Who Live Alone.

The current study aimed to explore predictors of depressive symptoms in Korean older adults who live alone using data from the 2017 National Survey of Older Koreans. Participants were 2,258 adults (females, n = 1,838 [81.4%]; males, n = 420 [18.6%]) aged ≥65 years (mean = 75.9, SD = 6.8 years). Multiple hierarchical regression analysis indicated that perceived health status, instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), social gatherings, interaction frequency with children living separately, income quintile, religion, and education were significant predictors of depressive symptoms. In particular, perceived health status, IADL, and interaction frequency with children living separately were the most powerful predictors of depressive symptoms in older adults living alone. The result of the current study was to verify the relationship between social activity and depression of older adults who live alone. This study suggests that contact with children and social gatherings may help prevent depression in older adults who live alone. [Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 59(2), 25-30.].

Autoregressive cross-lagged modelling of the relationship between social activity, depressive symptoms, and cognitive function in Korean elderly.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to verify the reciprocal relationship between social activity, depressive symptoms, and cognitive function in Korean elderly, utilizing data from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (conducted by the Korea Employment Information Service biennially from 2006 to 2018). METHODS: The data of 5549 people aged 60 and over (mean age 70.27 years, standard deviation = 7.26) were used in the final analysis. Autoregressive cross-lagged analysis was used to examine bidirectional relationships between the variables over time. Frequency of participation in social activities, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, and the Korean version of the Mini-Mental State Examination were used to measure social activity, depressive symptoms, and cognitive function. RESULTS: Results of the analysis were as follows. First, social activity was found to have a negative effect on depressive symptoms over time, but depressive symptoms did not affect social activity. Second, a bidirectional relationship between depressive symptoms and cognitive function was identified. In other words, more depressive symptoms were related to lower cognitive function, and cognitive function had a negative impact on depressive symptoms over time. Third, social activity was found to positively affect cognitive function, but cognitive function did not affect social activity over time. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study indicate that social activity is closely related to depressive symptoms and cognitive function in the elderly, and suggests that social activity can be a key preventive factor for depression and cognitive impairment in this population.

Influence of Health Status, Cognitive Function, and Social Capital on Depressive Symptoms in Korean Older Adults.

The current study explored the influence of health status, cognitive function, and social capital on depressive symptoms in Korean older adults. Data from the National Survey of Older Koreans, conducted by the Korean Institute for Health and Social Affairs in 2017, were used. Social capital was measured by dividing it into structural and cognitive social capital. Final analysis included 6,100 individuals aged ≥65 years (mean age = 72.6, SD = 5.8 years; 3,466 males [56.8%], 2,634 females [43.2%]). Multiple hierarchical regression analysis indicated that age, income, economic activity status, religion, household type, self-rated health, apoplexy (e.g., stroke, cerebral infarction), cognitive function, structural social capital, and cognitive social capital were significant predictors of depressive symptoms in older adults. This study suggests that researchers and clinicians should consider the factors associated with self-rated health, cognitive social capital, and economic status (income and economic activity) to prevent or alleviate depressive symptoms in older adults. [Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 58(10), 24-31.].

Factors associated with depressive symptoms among elderly Koreans: the role of health status, work ability, financial problems, living alone, and family relationships.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to explore predictors of depressive symptoms in elderly Koreans. METHODS: The data from Korean Welfare Panel survey of Korean Institute for Health and Social Affairs in 2015 was used in this study. Six thousand four hundred and seventy-one elderly adults aged 60-99 participated in this study. Mean age of subjects was 74.37 years (SD = 8.27) and participants were 2569 male (39.7%) and 3902 female (60.3%). RESULTS: Multiple hierarchical regression analysis indicated that perceived health status, family relationships, living alone, financial problems, work ability, gender, age, marital status, and religion are significant predictors of elderly depressive symptoms. In particular, perceived health status, family relationships, and work ability were powerful predictors of depressive symptoms in Korean elderly. The total explanatory amount of the regression model was 28.7%. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that researchers and clinicians should consider together factors associated with health status, interpersonal relationships, economic status, work, and socio-demographic variables in order to prevent elderly depression.

The association between health-related factors, physical and mental diseases, social activities, and cognitive function in elderly Koreans: a population-based cross-sectional study.

AIM: The purpose of this study was to verify the association of cognitive function with health-related variables, diseases, and social activities. METHODS: Data from the 2016 Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging were analyzed. The participants of that study were 5678 adults aged 60 years or older living in 17 major Korean regions nationwide. RESULTS: Hierarchical multiple regression analyses indicated that gender, age, education, marital status, depressive symptoms, body mass index, regular exercise, activities of daily living, instrumental activities of daily living, hand grip strength, and social activities were all significantly associated with cognitive function in elderly Koreans. However, socioeconomic status, diabetes, smoking, alcohol consumption, attendance at school reunions, volunteer work, and participation in political or civic organizations had no impact on cognitive function. First, the results indicated that men had better cognitive function than women; likewise, married individuals and those with a higher level of education also had better cognitive function. As age increased, cognitive function declined. Second, higher body mass index was related to poorer cognitive function, whereas regular exercise was positively associated with better cognitive function. In addition, higher activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living scores were associated with poorer cognitive function. Third, depressive symptoms were negatively associated with cognitive function. Finally, religious activities, social activities, and participation in leisure activities, cultural events, and sports were associated with better cognitive functioning. The possibility of reverse association exists between some of the variables (e.g. religious activity and cognitive function), and it is necessary to verify this possibility through a longitudinal study. The biggest limitation is that this is a cross-sectional study, which made it unfeasible to investigate the causal pathways. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that regularly exercising and attending social activities each help to improve cognitive function in the elderly.

Use of voice features from smartphones for monitoring depressive disorders: Scoping review.

Object: This review evaluates the use of smartphone-based voice data for predicting and monitoring depression. Methods: A scoping review was conducted, examining 14 studies from Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science (2010-2023) on voice data collection methods and the use of voice features for minitoring depression. Results: Voice data, especially prosodic features like fundamental frequency and pitch, show promise for predicting depression, though their sole predictive power requires further validation. Integrating voice with multimodal sensor data has been shown to improve accuracy significantly. Conclusion: Smartphone-based voice monitoring offers a promising, noninvasive, and cost-effective approach to depression management. The integration of machine learning with sensor data could significantly enhance mental health monitoring, necessitating further research and longitudinal studies for validation.

The Relationship Between Perceived Stress and Smartphone Addiction: The Mediating Effect of Rumination and The Mediated Moderating Effect of Mindfulness.

OBJECTIVE: This study was to examine the mediated moderation effect of mindfulness through rumination on the relationship between perceived stress and smartphone addiction. In particular, this study examined the moderating effect of mindfulness in detail by dividing it into five sub-factors. METHODS: An online self-report questionnaires were conducted on 697 participants aged 20 to 59. Finally, 681 participants (male=356, female=325) were included final analysis. Moderating effect, mediated moderating effect were verified using PROCESS macro for SPSS v3.5. RESULTS: First, perceived stress was positively related to smartphone addiction. Second, rumination mediated the relationship between perceived stress and smartphone addiction. Third, acting with awareness and nonjudging of experience, which are a sub-factor of mindfulness, moderated the relationship between perceived stress and smartphone addiction. Fourth, mindfulness facets (acting with awareness and nonjudging of experience) moderated the relationship between rumination and smartphone addiction. Finally, there was a mediated moderating effect of mindfulness facets (acting with awareness and nonjudging of experience) on the relationship between perceived stress and smartphone addiction through rumination. CONCLUSION: This research suggests the useful and specific therapeutic interventions that help lower the level of the adults' addiction on smartphones.

The Association between Adverse Childhood and Adulthood Experiences, Social Isolation, Loneliness, and Depression among Young Adults in South Korea.

This study examined the association between social isolation, loneliness, and depressive symptoms among young adults in South Korea after controlling for sociodemographic variables, adverse child and adult experiences, and perceived health status. The researcher analyzed the data of 2014 young adults aged 18-34 years from the Youth Social Economic Survey using hierarchical multiple regression analysis conducted with IBM SPSS Statistics 28.0. Among the sociodemographic variables, sex, education, and household income were significantly related to depressive symptoms. Females reported higher levels of depressive symptoms than males, and those attending college or having a college (or higher) degree reported lower levels of depressive symptoms than those with a high-school diploma or lower. Higher household income was associated with lower levels of depressive symptoms. Perceived health status was negatively associated with depressive symptoms, while adverse childhood and adulthood experiences, social isolation, and loneliness were positively associated with it. Among the major independent variables, loneliness was most strongly related to depressive symptoms, whereas social isolation had the weakest relevance to it. The prediction model proposed explained 32.7% of the variance in depressive symptoms and was considered good. Therefore, focusing on loneliness may be more important than focusing on social isolation to prevent and deal with depressive symptoms among young adults.

Moderating Effects of Emotional Recognition Competency in Rejective Parenting and Adolescent Depression and Aggression.

Rejective parenting is a major antecedent of emotional instability and aggressive behavioral problems. Previous studies have reported that emotional problems, such as depression, anxiety, aggression, and conduct problems in children and adolescents, improve through interventions that enhance emotional recognition competency. In this study, we explored whether the emotional recognition ability levels of individual adolescents moderated the pathway of negative parenting on aggression mediated by depression The moderated mediating effect of emotional recognition competency was investigated through examining 2265 first-year high school students using the 2021 data from the Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey 2018. There was no significant moderating effect on the direct pathway from rejective parenting to aggression. The moderating effect of emotional recognition competency on the indirect pathway leading to aggression through depression in rejective parenting was significant. These results suggest that the ability to correctly understand signals related to the emotions of others can play an important role in reducing depression and aggressive behavior by reducing conflict with people around them and experiencing more support.

The Relationship between Social Network Service Use Motives and Subjective Well-Being: The Mediating Effect of Online and Offline Social Capital.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine the mediating effect of social capital on the relationship between Social Media use motives and subjective well-being. METHODS: In the study, online self-reporting surveys were conducted with Social Media users in their 20s, and data from 445 participants were used for structural equation modeling. RESULTS: The main findings of the study were as follows. First, the interpersonal motives for Social Media use had an indirect effect on subjective well-being by mediating offline bonding capital and online bonding capital. In addition, interpersonal motives had an indirect effect on subjective well-being by dual-mediating online and offline bonding capital. Second, the self-expression motive for Social Media use did not directly affect subjective well-being, but it indirectly affected subjective well-being by mediating offline bonding capital. Third, the information-seeking motive for Social Media use did not directly affect subjective well-being, but it indirectly affected subjective well-being by mediating offline bonding capital. CONCLUSION: This study identified a specific mechanism for how motives for using Social Media affect subjective well-being. Furthermore, the results of this study suggest that the effect of Social Media use on subjective well-being may differ depending on the motive for Social Media use.

A Systematic Review of Location Data for Depression Prediction.

Depression contributes to a wide range of maladjustment problems. With the development of technology, objective measurement for behavior and functional indicators of depression has become possible through the passive sensing technology of digital devices. Focusing on location data, we systematically reviewed the relationship between depression and location data. We searched Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science databases by combining terms related to passive sensing and location data with depression. Thirty-one studies were included in this review. Location data demonstrated promising predictive power for depression. Studies examining the relationship between individual location data variables and depression, homestay, entropy, and the normalized entropy variable of entropy dimension showed the most consistent and significant correlations. Furthermore, variables of distance, irregularity, and location showed significant associations in some studies. However, semantic location showed inconsistent results. This suggests that the process of geographical movement is more related to mood changes than to semantic location. Future research must converge across studies on location-data measurement methods.

The Effect of Social Isolation, Loneliness, and Physical Activity on Depressive Symptoms of Older Adults during COVID-19: A Moderated Mediation Analysis.

Depressive symptoms have been commonly reported in older adults during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. Social isolation as a result of social distancing to prevent COVID-19 was reported to increase the level of depressive symptoms both directly and indirectly through the mediating effect of loneliness. Depressive symptoms in older adults can be regulated through health behaviors such as physical activity. Therefore, this study used a moderated mediation model to explain depressive symptoms. The English Longitudinal Study of Ageing COVID-19 wave 2 data were used. A total of 296 individuals were excluded due to missing values, leaving a final sample of 6499. Depressive symptoms, social isolation, loneliness, and physical activity were used in the moderated mediation analysis with various demographic and general health variables as covariates. Loneliness was found to significantly mediate the relationship between social isolation and depression. While moderate physical activity significantly moderated the effects of social isolation and loneliness on depressive symptoms, mild physical activity alone significantly moderated the effects of loneliness on depressive symptoms. This study revealed the impact of social isolation on depressive symptoms directly and indirectly mediated by loneliness, with a moderating effect of moderate and mild physical activity in the elderly during COVID-19 in a moderated mediation model.

The Relationship between Smartphone Use Motives, Social Capital, Digital Literacy, and Life Satisfaction in Elderly Koreans.

Background: As the elderly population increases, interest in life satisfaction in old age is increasing. We aimed to verify the relationship between social capital, smartphone use motives, and digital literacy and life satisfaction in Koreans aged 50-69 yr. Methods: The data of 7,521 late-middle-aged and older adults from the 2019 survey on smartphone overdependence conducted by the National Information Society Agency were analyzed by hierarchical multi-regression analysis. Results: A hierarchical multiple regression analysis indicated that income(ß=0.062) and educational background(ß=0.054) were positively related to life satisfaction. Among the smartphone use motives, lifestyle motive(ß=-0.069) was negatively related to life satisfaction. Digital literacy(ß=0.145) and Social capital(ß=0.425) were positively related to life satisfaction. Conclusion: Digital literacy and social capital were positively associated with life satisfaction. In addition, this study considered the effects of lifestyle-based apps, while past studies only focused on communication- and leisure-based smartphone activities as factors influencing life satisfaction in adults in their 50s-60s. This study can provide a theoretical framework for therapeutic interventions to improve life satisfaction in the elderly.