RESUMO
The sustained worldwide use of the two available types of polio vaccines has significantly reduced the incidence of this disease. Our main objective is to report a 11-year monitoring period for acute flaccid paralysis secondary to poliovirus in Guinea. It was a retrospective descriptive study for all cases of acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) in which poliovirus was isolated by stool examination. During 11 years, 768 cases of AFP, including 8 cases of acute anterior poliomyelitis were collected at a frequency of 1%. The average age was 3.5 years with extremes of 1 year and 6 years, the most represented age group was 0-4 years with 7 cases. Six mothers were housewives doing gold panning as a revenue generating activity. The vaccine virus (serotype 2) was the most isolated with 6 cases.
L'utilisation soutenue à l'échelle mondiale des deux types de vaccins antipoliomyélitiques disponibles a considérablement diminué l'incidence de cette affection. Il s'agit ici d'une étude rétrospective de type descriptive, portant sur tous les cas de paralysie flasque aiguë (PFA) due aux poliovirus en Guinée chez lesquels le poliovirus a été isolé des selles, faisant l'état des lieux de 11 années de surveillance de la PFA. En 11 ans, 768 cas de PFA, dont huit cas de poliomyélite antérieure aiguë ont été enregistrés, soit une fréquence de 1 %. L'âge moyen était de 3,5 ans [16 ans]. La tranche d'âge de 04 ans était la plus représentée avec 7 cas. La majeure partie (6 cas) des mères des enfants étaient des agricultrices exerçant l'orpaillage. Les souches majoritairement isolées étaient dérivées du vaccin VDPV2.
Assuntos
Viroses do Sistema Nervoso Central/epidemiologia , Viroses do Sistema Nervoso Central/virologia , Mielite/epidemiologia , Mielite/virologia , Doenças Neuromusculares/epidemiologia , Doenças Neuromusculares/virologia , Poliomielite/complicações , Vigilância da População , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Guiné/epidemiologia , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
The information on the Gambian form of African human trypanosomiasis (AHT), collected in Guinea, is analyzed. The fauna of tsetse flies currently numbers at least 8 species. Two species are the vectors of AHT. These include G.(N.) palpalis and G.(N.) tachinoides, the latter of which is the vector of animal trypanosomiasis ("nagana" cattle disease) as well. In the period of 1991 to 1997, the country's incidence of AHT was 9.6:100,000. The highest morbidity was established in the natural region of Lower Guinea (23.4:100,000, with mortality rates of 1.1 to 18.5%). A clinical study of the population of a few villages in this region revealed 6 patients with AHT. Its clinical diagnosis was parasitologically verified. Preliminary studies suggest the circulation of the pathogen of AHT in Guinea, the most active foci of which are in Lower Guinea. The epidemiological features of AHT and its epidemic significance for Guinea are yet to be studied.