Exploring symptomatology and innovative treatment modalities for prefrontal cortex lesions: a systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Pre-frontal cortex operates a combination of emotional, cognitive and behavioural functions. Understanding the symptoms of pre-frontal cortex lesions serves as paramount for accurate diagnosis and management. AIMS: This review aims to determine an association between the causes of prefrontal cortex lesions and the resulting symptoms, as well as the ideal form of treatment. STUDY DESIGN: A systematic review through utilisation of 3 databases was done using the keywords "Prefrontal cortex lesions," "dysfunction," "symptoms," &" treatment". METHODOLOGY: RCTs, observational studies, and systematic reviews were searched using Cochrane/EMBASE, PubMed/Medline, and Pedro between 1948 and2024. Studies published in English only were included, and two reviewers were involved in the data extraction process. RESULTS: Results showed a notable correlation between right-handed individuals and prefrontal cortex lesions with cognition impairment, particularly executive dysfunction, being the most prevalent symptom. Emotional instability followed as the second most common issue, while aphasia remained the primary language deficit. Noninvasive brain stimulation emerged as an effective treatment option for various prefrontal cortex-related disorders. CONCLUSION: Further investigation is needed to understand the mechanism linking handedness to lesion occurrence. Noninvasive brain stimulation should be prioritised for treating prefrontal injuries.

Epithelioid angiosarcoma of the masseter muscle: a rare clinicopathological diagnosis.

Epithelioid angiosarcoma (EA) is a subtype of angiosarcoma which is a rare tumor of endothelial origin. Here, we report a case of 15-year-old boy who presented with soft tissue mass lesion in the parotid region mimicking as a benign parotid tumor. Cytology was suggestive of inflammatory swelling. Patient underwent superficial parotidectomy along with the wide excision of the swelling. On histopathology, it was diagnosed as EA. To the best of our knowledge this is the first case report of epithelioid angiosarcoma of the masseter.

Intraluminal Endometriosis: A Rare Entity.

The case presents an incidental finding of a rare variety of endometrioses in both the fallopian tubes termed intraluminal endometriosis in a 52-year-old female.

Thymic amyloidoma mimicking sclerosing thymoma in a triple vessel disease patient: An incidental finding.

A 65 year old man who underwent coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) for triple vessel disease was found to have enlarged thymus. Biopsy of the thymic mass revealed localised amyloid deposits demonstrating strong apple green birefringence on polarised microscopy. Localized thymic amyloidosis is an extremely rare finding with present case as the seventh in the world and the first in India. Review of literature of thymic amyloidoma and its close differential sclerosing thymoma is hereby described.

Kimura disease: case report and brief review of literature.

Kimura disease is a rare chronic inflammatory disorder of unknown cause, primarily seen in young Asian males. The disease is characterized by painless subcutaneous swelling, blood and tissue eosinophilia and raised IgE levels. Early diagnosis of Kimura's disease may spare the patient from unnecessary invasive diagnostic procedure. We describe a case of Kimura disease in a 14-year old male presenting with left submandibular swelling and also provide a brief review of the literature.