SARS-CoV-2 Spillback to Wild Coatis in Sylvatic-Urban Hotspot, Brazil.

We tested coatis (Nasua nasua) living in an urban park near a densely populated area of Brazil and found natural SARS-CoV-2 Zeta variant infections by using quantitative reverse transcription PCR, genomic sequencing, and serologic surveillance. We recommend a One Health strategy to improve surveillance of and response to COVID-19.

Low prevalence of anti-Orthopoxvirus neutralizing antibodies in an urban population of Brazil.

Since 1999, Vaccinia virus (VACV) has been described as a causative agent of bovine vaccinia (BV), a zoonotic disease that occurs mainly in rural areas of Brazil. However, the circulation of VACV in urban environments and its associated burden has been poorly explored. Moreover, the current monkeypox (mpox) outbreak has raised questions regarding the immune status of the worldwide population previous vaccinated against smallpox. Hence, we conducted a cross-sectional study to better understand the prevalence of anti-OPV neutralizing antibodies (NA) and related exposure factors in a susceptible urban population of Brazil. A total of 372 individuals were sampled, yielding an overall seroprevalence of 16.9% (CI95% = 13.4-21.1), and antibodies titers ranging from 100 to 800 neutralizing units/mL. The prevalence of NA among individuals potentially vaccinated against smallpox (≥36 years old [yo]) was 24.9% (IC 95% = 19.5-31.2), and among those unvaccinated (<36yo) was 6.7% (IC 95% = 3.7-11.8). Interestingly, contact with horses was pointed out as an exposure factor for the presence of NA, however, the multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that age ≥36yo and the presence of vaccine take were independently associated with the presence of anti-OPV NA. Our findings suggest that vulnerable populations could be subclinically exposed to VACV in urban areas, drawing attention to alternative routes of zoonotic VACV exposure. Our data is also important for better strategies to mitigate zoonotic OPV infections mainly among vulnerable populations.

Performance of grain sorghum hybrids under drought stress using GGE biplot analyses.

The objective of this study was to estimate the adaptability and stability of grain sorghum hybrids grown under post-flowering water stress and non-stress conditions. The trials were carried out in Nova Porteirinha-MG during the season of 2014 and 2015, and in Teresina-PI in the 2014 season. Twenty-nine-grain sorghum hybrids were evaluated, in a randomized complete block design, with three replications. Plots consisted of four lines with 3 m long. The grain yield data were submitted to the individual variance analysis, having considered the effects of the hybrids as fixed and the other effects as random. The joint analysis was carried out, and when the interaction genotypes x environments was significant, the grain yield data were submitted to the adaptability and stability analysis by the GGE biplot method. A substantial reduction in the grain yield in environments with water stress was found. The highest yielding hybrids under water stress conditions in Nova Porteirinha-MG were 50A50, AG1080, AG1090, DKB550, DKB590, Jade, and BM737, and the highest yielding hybrids under the water stress in Teresina-PI were 1G282, 1G244, and A9721R. Considering all environments, the highest yielding hybrids were 1G282, DKB540, A9721R, 1G100, and AG1090.

Diallelic analysis to obtain cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) populations tolerant to water deficit.

The purpose of this study was to identify parents and obtain segregating populations of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) with the potential for tolerance to water deficit. A full diallel was performed with six cowpea genotypes, and two experiments were conducted in Teresina, PI, Brazil in 2011 to evaluate 30 F2 populations and their parents, one under water deficit and the other under full irrigation. A triple-lattice experimental design was used, with six 2-m-long rows in each plot. Sixteen plants were sampled per plot. The data were subjected to analysis of variance, and general and specific combining ability estimates were obtained based on the means. Additive effects were more important than non-additive effects, and maternal inheritance had occurred. The genotypes BRS Xiquexique, Pingo de Ouro-1-2, and MNC99-510F-16-1 were the most promising for use in selection programs aimed at water deficit tolerance. The hybrid combinations Pingo de Ouro-1-2 x BRS Xiquexique, BRS Xiquexique x Santo Inácio, CNCx 698-128G x MNC99-510F-16-1, Santo Inácio x CNCx 698-128G, MNC99-510F-16-1 x BRS Paraguaçu, MNC99- 510F-16-1 x Pingo de Ouro-1-2, and MNC99-510F-16-1 x BRS Xiquexique have the potential to increase grain production and tolerate water deficit.

Selection of cowpea progenies with enhanced drought-tolerance traits using principal component analysis.

Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp (cowpea) is a food crop with high nutritional value that is cultivated throughout tropical and subtropical regions of the world. The main constraint on high productivity of cowpea is water deficit, caused by the long periods of drought that occur in these regions. The aim of the present study was to select elite cowpea genotypes with enhanced drought tolerance, by applying principal component analysis to 219 first-cycle progenies obtained in a recurrent selection program. The experimental design comprised a simple 15 x 15 lattice with 450 plots, each of two rows of 10 plants. Plants were grown under water-deficit conditions by applying a water depth of 205 mm representing one-half of that required by cowpea. Variables assessed were flowering, maturation, pod length, number and mass of beans/pod, mass of 100 beans, and productivity/plot. Ten elite cowpea genotypes were selected, in which principal components 1 and 2 encompassed variables related to yield (pod length, beans/pod, and productivity/plot) and life precocity (flowering and maturation), respectively.

Selection indices to identify drought-tolerant grain sorghum cultivars.

Twenty-five cultivars of grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] were examined under both drought stress and normal conditions in 4 experiments. In each condition, genotypes were evaluated in a factorial experiment using a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Eight drought tolerance indices including stability tolerance index, mean productivity (MP), geometric MP, harmonic mean, stress susceptibility index, tolerance index, yield index, and yield stability index were estimated for each genotype based on grain yield under drought (Ys) and irrigated conditions (Yp). The results indicated that there were positive and significant correlations among Yp and Ys with geometric MP, MP, harmonic mean, and stability tolerance index, indicating that these factors are better predictors of Yp and Ys than tolerance index, stress susceptibility index, yield stability index, and yield index. Based on adjusted means at Yp and Ys, indices geometric MP, MP, harmonic mean, and stability tolerance index, unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean cluster and biplot analysis, the most tolerant cultivars were '9929020', '9929034', and 'N 95B'.

Interleukin-6 gene -174G>C and -636G>C promoter polymorphisms and prostate cancer risk.

Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most commonly diagnosed internal malignancies affecting men. Due to the important roles of IL-6 in different physiological and pathophysiological processes, IL-6 polymorphisms may modulate PCa risk. IL-6 -174 G>C (rs 1800795, also designated -236 G>C) and -636 G>C (rs 1800796, also designated -572 G>C) promoter polymorphisms have been implicated in PCa susceptibility, albeit still controversial. A literature search using PubMed and Highwire databases was conducted, resulting in eight case-control studies concerning the IL-6 -174 G>C polymorphism (11,613 PCa cases and 13,992 controls) and four case-control publications regarding the IL-6 -636 G>C polymorphism (1,941 PCa cases and 3,357 controls). In order to derive a more precise estimation, a meta-analysis based upon these selected case-control studies was performed. There was no significant association between IL-6 -174 G>C polymorphism and PCa increased risk. Nevertheless, the presence of allele C and the CC genotype were statistically significantly associated with decreased PCa risk in the overall analysis for IL-6 -636 G>C polymorphism. Additional studies in larger samples and analyses of functional repercussions of these SNPs in prostate tumor cells are necessary to validate these findings.

Physical and chemical characterization of drill cuttings: A review.

Drill cuttings comprise a mixture of rocks generated during drilling activities of exploration and production of oil and gas. These residues' properties are variable, depending on several drilling parameters and drilled rock composition. Many scientific studies have been published regarding the characterization of these residues. Articles summarizing these residues' characteristics and toxicity data are poorly explored in the literature. This work reviews the principal methods used to characterize drill cuttings and data about these residues' properties. Some authors have reported the large content of Zn in drill cuttings. These cuttings can be associated with base fluids (as olefins, varying from C11 to C18), and some time crude oil (high range of TPH, unresolved complex mixtures, and PAH compounds). Acute and chronic toxicity tests have shown negative impacts of different types of fluids, the components of these fluids, and cuttings on other marine organisms.

Association of the IL-10 polymorphisms and periodontitis: a meta-analysis.

No clear consensus has been reached regarding the association of IL-10 polymorphisms and periodontitis. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis of case-control studies and a systemic review in an effort to systematically summarize the existing knowledge. Studies were identified by searching PubMed database until December 2011. IL-10 -1082 (-1087) A>G, -819 (-824) C>T and -592 (-597) C>A polymorphisms were included in the present meta-analysis. We calculated the specific odds ratios along with their 95 % confidence intervals to compare the distribution of alleles and genotypes between cases and controls. An additive "per-allele" model (major allele vs. minor allele) was performed, and dominant and recessive models were also considered. The random-effects model was applied for the analysis. Cumulative analysis was also performed. Heterogeneity and publication bias were assessed. Nine case-control studies involving 841 periodontitis cases (644 chronic periodontitis and 197 aggressive periodontitis cases) and 748 controls were included. We found statistically significant association of IL-10 -819 (-824) C>T and IL-10 -592 (-597) C>A polymorphisms in Caucasians. The IL-10 -819 (-824) T and -592 (-597) A alleles may confer a relative increase in the risk for chronic periodontitis in Caucasians. Future studies may be important to reinforce these findings.

Controversies in using urine samples for Prostate Cancer detection: PSA and PCA3 expression analysis.

PURPOSE: Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most commonly diagnosed malignancies in the world. Although PSA utilization as a serum marker has improved prostate cancer detection it still presents some limitations, mainly regarding its specificity. The expression of this marker, along with the detection of PCA3 mRNA in urine samples, has been suggested as a new approach for PCa detection. The goal of this work was to evaluate the efficacy of the urinary detection of PCA3 mRNA and PSA mRNA without performing the somewhat embarrassing prostate massage. It was also intended to optimize and implement a methodological protocol for this kind of sampling. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Urine samples from 57 patients with suspected prostate disease were collected, without undergoing prostate massage. Increased serum PSA levels were confirmed by medical records review. RNA was extracted by different methods and a preamplification step was included in order to improve gene detection by Real-Time PCR. RESULTS: An increase in RNA concentration with the use of TriPure Isolation Reagent. Despite this optimization, only 15.8% of the cases showed expression of PSA mRNA and only 3.8% of prostate cancer patients presented detectable levels of PCA3 mRNA. The use of a preamplification step revealed no improvement in the results obtained. CONCLUSION: This work confirms that prostate massage is important before urine collection for gene expression analysis. Since PSA and PCA3 are prostate specific, it is necessary to promote the passage of cells from prostate to urinary tract, in order to detect these genetic markers in urine samples.

The Use of Feedback in Improving the Knowledge, Attitudes and Skills of Medical Students: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of the use of different feedback modalities in improving the knowledge, attitudes, and skills of medical students compared to students receiving no feedback or unstructured feedback. A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials was conducted based on a search of the Cochrane, ERIC, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. A total of 26 studies were included for the systematic review and 13 for the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis revealed that the use of feedback was associated with better results compared to control groups (SMD = 0.80 [0.56-1.04], p < 0.001), and also when only high-quality studies were included (SMD = 0.86 [0.56-1.16], p < 0.001). Our findings revealed high heterogeneity in the use of feedback in medical education. However, the results of most of the studies and of the meta-analysis were positive, showing that feedback had a positive influence on the education-learning process of the students. PROSPERO registration: CRD42018112688.

Use of feedback on medium-term blood pressure measurement skills in medical students: a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to assess the effect of feedback on medium-term blood pressure (BP) measurement skills in medical students versus a control group. METHODS: A randomized controlled trial in first-year medical students was conducted. After theoretical-practical training on measuring BP, the students were randomized into a control group or intervention group. The skill was assessed immediately after the training (T1) by evaluating students with a simulated standardized patient using a checklist. Students in the intervention group received feedback immediately after assessment, whereas the control group received no feedback. After 3 months (T2), each student was reassessed in the same way as for (T1). RESULTS: Ninety-two first-year medical students took part in the study (45 in control group and 47 in intervention group). At T1, there were no differences in the skill measured. At T2 (after three months), there was a significant difference in the intervention group (score = 23.97 ± 3.82) compared with the control group (score = 20.91 ± 4.87), P < 0.001, d = 0.69. In the intervention group, the scores were maintained at 3 months (T1 = 23.23 and T2 = 23.97, P = 0.335), whereas in the control group, scores declined significantly (T1 = 23.44 and T2 = 20.91; P = 0.002). CONCLUSION: Receiving feedback promotes retention of learning of BP measurement skills over the medium term. Further studies applying feedback to other skills should be conducted.

A metal-free blue chromophore derived from plant pigments.

Blue natural pigments are rare, especially among plants. However, flowering species that evolved to attract Hymenoptera pollinators are colored by blue anthocyanin-metal complexes. Plants lacking anthocyanins are pigmented by betalains but are unable to produce blue hues. By extending the π-system of betalains, we designed a photostable and metal-free blue dye named BeetBlue that did not show toxicity to human hepatic and retinal pigment epithelial cells and does not affect zebrafish embryonal development. This chiral dye can be conveniently synthesized from betalamic acid obtained from hydrolyzed red beetroot juice or by enzymatic oxidation of l-dopa. BeetBlue is blue in the solid form and in solution of acidified polar molecular solvents, including water. Its capacity to dye natural matrices makes BeetBlue the prototype of a new class of low-cost bioinspired chromophores suitable for a myriad of applications requiring a blue hue.

Capacidade de cuidado familiar em paliação na atenção domiciliar / Family Caregiving capacity in palliative home care / Capacidad de cuidado familiar en cuidados paliativos domiciliarios

Objetivo: descrever a capacidade de cuidado familiar em paliação na atenção domiciliar. Métodos: estudo descritivo desenvolvido em São Luís, Maranhão, com 112 cuidadores familiares de pacientes em paliação. A coleta de dados foi realizada de fevereiro a maio de 2021 utilizando instrumento contendo variáveis sociodemográficas e Escala Capacidade paraCuidar em Paliativos com análise por Escala Likert. Resultados: maioria dos cuidadores são mulheres (91,07%), adultas (83,03%), pardas (62,5%), solteiras (50%) com ensino médio (51,79%). A análise da escala revelou 34,82% dos cuidadores precisam trabalhar as informações sobre a doença do familiar e aprender lidar com situações difícil,64,29 % indicam a carência em relação ao medo e impotência, e82,14% necessitam atenção quanto a capacidade física e psicológica para cuidar. Conclusão: a capacidade melhor avaliada é a de dimensão prática. As dimensões, emocional e autocuidado, necessitam de intervenção profissional para melhora do ato de cuidar.

Objective: to describe the capacity for family care in palliation in home care. Methods:descriptive study developed in São Luís, Maranhão, with 112 family caregivers of patients undergoing palliation. Data collection was carried out from February to May 2021 using an instrument containing sociodemographic variables and the Capacity for Palliative Care Scale with analysis using Likert Scale. Results: most caregivers are women (91.07%), adults (83.03%), mixed race (62.5%), single (50%) and with high school education (51.79%). Analysis of the scale revealed that 34.82% of caregivers need to work on the information about the family member's illness and learn to deal with difficult situations, 64.29% indicate a need for fear and impotence, and 82.14% need attention their physical and psychological capacity to care. Conclusion:the best evaluated ability is the practical dimension. The emotional and self-care dimensions require professional intervention to improve the act of caring.

Objetivo:describir la capacidad de cuidado familiar en paliativo domiciliarios. Métodos:estudio descriptivo desarrollado en São Luís, Maranhão, 112 cuidadores familiares de pacientes en paliación. La recolección de datos se realizó de febrero a mayo de 2021 mediante un instrumento que contiene variables sociodemográficas y la Escala de Capacidad en Cuidados Paliativos con análisis mediante Escala Likert. Resultados:la mayoría de los cuidadores son mujeres (91,07%), adultos (83,03%), mestizos (62,5%), solteros (50%) y estudios secundarios (51,79%). El análisis de la escala reveló que el 34,82% de los cuidadores necesita trabajar la información sobre la enfermedad del familiar y aprender a lidiar con situaciones difíciles, el 64,29% indica necesidad de miedo e impotencia y el 82,14% necesita atención al físico y capacidad psicológica para cuidar. Conclusión:la habilidad mejor evaluada es la dimensión práctica. La dimensión emocional y de autocuidado requieren intervención profesional para mejorar el acto decuidar.

Relationship between lifetime ovulatory cycles and overexpression of mutant p53 in epithelial ovarian cancer.

BACKGROUND: Several lines of evidence have suggested a relationship between a woman's number of ovulatory cycles and the development of ovarian epithelial cancer. Repair of the ovarian surface after ovulation requires cellular proliferation, and spontaneous mutations arising during the DNA synthesis that accompanies this proliferation may play a role in carcinogenesis. PURPOSE: We conducted a molecular epidemiologic study to test the hypothesis that a greater number of ovulatory cycles increases the risk of ovarian cancer by inducing proliferation-associated DNA damage. In particular, we examined the association between the lifetime number of ovulatory cycles and mutation of the p53 tumor-suppressor gene (also known as TP53) in ovarian tumors. METHODS: Case-case and case-control analyses involving participants in the Cancer and Steroid Hormone study were used to examine the association between p53 gene mutation in ovarian tumors and the lifetime number of ovulatory cycles. The women in our study were 20-54 years of age and included 197 case patients with invasive ovarian epithelial cancer and 3363 control subjects. Mutation of the p53 gene was indicated by overexpression of p53 protein (i.e., cellular accumulation of mutant p53 protein) in paraffin-embedded ovarian cancer tissue blocks; the mutant protein was detected by means of standard immunohistochemical techniques. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated by employing multivariate analyses, with the use of logistic regression. Reported P values are two-sided. RESULTS: Women whose cancers overexpressed p53 protein (p53 positive) had a greater mean number of lifetime ovulatory cycles (388 +/- 77.4 cycles [mean +/- standard deviation]) than women whose cancers did not overexpress p53 protein (p53 negative) (342 +/- 119.0 cycles) (P = .0025). Furthermore, women with p53-positive tumors were more likely to have had moderate (i.e., 235-375) or high (i.e., 376-533) numbers of ovulatory cycles than women with p53-negative tumors (age-adjusted ORs = 7.0 [95% CI = 1.6-30.5] and 7.7 [95% CI = 1.4-41.2], respectively) (< or = 234 cycles was the referent category). After controlling for age, menopausal status, and nulliparity, women with p53-positive tumors were found to be significantly more likely to have had moderate or high numbers of ovulatory cycles than control subjects (ORs = 4.3 [95% CI = 1.4-13.0] and 9.1 [95% CI = 2.7-30.9], respectively); the corresponding ORs for women with p53-negative tumors compared with control subjects were 0.6 (95% CI = 0.3-1.4) and 1.3 (95% CI = 0.5-3.2), respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: A higher number of ovulatory cycles may be associated with increased amounts of proliferation-associated DNA damage and increased risk of developing p53-positive but not p53-negative epithelial ovarian cancer. Our results are consistent with more than one developmental pathway in the pathogenesis of this type of cancer.

Effect of electrochemical treatment of oleic acid on anaerobic digestion.

Electrochemical pre-treatment of oleate on anaerobic digestion was investigated using two anaerobic filters (AF and AFm) working, respectively, with increasing concentrations of electrochemically pre-treated oleate and oleate. Influents containing 25% and 50% of chemical oxygen demand (COD) of these substrates did not cause relevant alterations in either digester's performance. Comparatively, the pre-treated oleate unit (AF) showed a higher gas production but a lower COD removal than AFm (2.0 vs 1.5 m(3) CH4 m(-3) d(-1) 76-85 vs 91-93% COD removal). The raised AFm COD removal together with the larger proportion of VSS in its effluent than in AF (5.69 vs 0.26 kg m(-3)) indicate that the biomass washout can be a consequence of the encapsulated solids by lipidic compounds that were not fairly degraded. Further increases of oleate in AFm feed (75 and 100% COD) led to decreases of biogas production to half and COD removal from values higher than 90% to 83-75%. The simultaneous increase of effluent VSS concentrations to 10-12 kg m(3) emphasizes the oleate negative effect. The use of pretreated oleate as the only carbon source did not influence negatively the AF behaviour in terms of methane production. COD removal was maintained at values higher than 80% and the effluent VSS at low concentrations (0.15 kg m(-3)). The significantly higher methane yield achieved by AF than AFm indicates a higher accumulation of oleate than pre-treated oleate. Therefore, electrochemical process stands for a suitable pre-treatment for lipid rich effluents, allowing the application of higher organic loads keeping a higher methane yield.

A Set of miRNAs, Their Gene and Protein Targets and Stromal Genes Distinguish Early from Late Onset ER Positive Breast Cancer.

UNLABELLED: Breast cancer (BC) in young adult patients (YA) has a more aggressive biological behavior and is associated with a worse prognosis than BC arising in middle aged patients (MA). We proposed that differentially expressed miRNAs could regulate genes and proteins underlying aggressive phenotypes of breast tumors in YA patients when compared to those arising in MA patients. OBJECTIVE: Using integrated expression analyses of miRs, their mRNA and protein targets and stromal gene expression, we aimed to identify differentially expressed profiles between tumors from YA-BC and MA-BC. METHODOLOGY AND RESULTS: Samples of ER+ invasive ductal breast carcinomas, divided into two groups: YA-BC (35 years or less) or MA-BC (50-65 years) were evaluated. Screening for BRCA1/2 status according to the BOADICEA program indicated low risk of patients being carriers of these mutations. Aggressive characteristics were more evident in YA-BC versus MA-BC. Performing qPCR, we identified eight miRs differentially expressed (miR-9, 18b, 33b, 106a, 106b, 210, 518a-3p and miR-372) between YA-BC and MA-BC tumors with high confidence statement, which were associated with aggressive clinicopathological characteristics. The expression profiles by microarray identified 602 predicted target genes associated to proliferation, cell cycle and development biological functions. Performing RPPA, 24 target proteins differed between both groups and 21 were interconnected within a network protein-protein interactions associated with proliferation, development and metabolism pathways over represented in YA-BC. Combination of eight mRNA targets or the combination of eight target proteins defined indicators able to classify individual samples into YA-BC or MA-BC groups. Fibroblast-enriched stroma expression profile analysis resulted in 308 stromal genes differentially expressed between YA-BC and MA-BC. CONCLUSION: We defined a set of differentially expressed miRNAs, their mRNAs and protein targets and stromal genes that distinguish early onset from late onset ER positive breast cancers which may be involved with tumor aggressiveness of YA-BC.

Habilidades da equipe de enfermagem em suporte básico de vida em lactentes: estudo experimental / Nursing team skills in infant basic life support: an experimental study

Objetivo:comparar a efetividade de dois programas de educação permanente para aquisição de habilidades psicomotoras relacionadas à ressuscitação cardiopulmonar em lactentes, a partir da utilização do método tradicional de ensino de suporte básico de vida, comparado ao método com utilização de vídeo com treino autodidata em manequim. Métodos: ensaio controlado com membros da equipe de enfermagem, randomizados em grupo controle (treino tradicional) e intervenção (treino autodidata). Para averiguar as habilidades no atendimento de ressuscitação cardiopulmonar em lactentes, aplicou-se um checklist. Foi aplicado pré-teste, seguido de treinamento imediato, follow-upde 15 dias, com reaplicação da avaliação de habilidades (pós-teste). Resultados:participaram 41 técnicos de enfermagem e 11 enfermeiros. No pós-teste, houve diferença significativa do grupo intervenção (12,61 +2,09) em relação ao grupo controle (14,65 +2,01) (p=0,001). Em ambos osgruposhouve aumento nas pontuações após 15 dias. Conclusão: os profissionais que participaram do treino tradicional (grupo controle) e que receberam feedbacksobre seu desempenho obtiveram melhores resultados para habilidades relacionadas à ressuscitação cardiopulmonar em lactentes.

Objective:To compare the effectiveness of two programs of permanent education for the acquisition of psychomotor skills related to infant cardiopulmonary resuscitation, comparing the traditional basic life support teaching method with the use of a video for self-education with a manikin. Methods:Controlled trial with members from the nursing team, randomized in a control group (traditional training) and an intervention group (self-taught). A checklist was used to evaluate infant cardiopulmonary resuscitation skills. A pre-test was applied, immediately followed by training and a 15-day follow up, when the skills were reevaluated (post-test). Results:41 nursing technicians and 11 nurses participated. In the post test, there was a significant difference between the intervention (12.61 +2.09) and control groups (14.65 +2.01) (p=0.001). The score of both groups improved after 15 days. Conclusion:Professionals who participated in the traditional training (control group) and received feedback about their performance had better results in regard to their skills in infant cardiopulmonary resuscitation

Pollen analysis of honey and pollen collected by Apis mellifera linnaeus, 1758 (Hymenoptera, Apidae), in a mixed environment of Eucalyptus plantation and native cerrado in Southeastern Brazil.

Eucalyptus plantations are frequently used for the establishment of bee yards. This study was carried on at Fazenda Brejão, northwestern region of the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. This farm is covered both with native Cerrado vegetation (Brazilian savanna) and eucalyptus plantations. This paper reports on the botanic origin of pollen pellets and honey collected from honeybee (Apis mellifera) hives along a thirteen-month period (January 2004 to January 2005). The most frequent pollen types found in the pollen pellets during the rainy season were Trema micrantha (Ulmaceae), Copaifera langsdorffii (Fabaceae), an unidentified Poaceae, unidentified Asteraceae-2, Cecropia sp. 1 (Cecropiaceae) and Eucalyptus spp. (Myrtaceae); during the dry season the most frequent pollen types were Acosmium dasycarpum (Fabaceae), Cecropia sp. 1 (Cecropiaceae) and Eucalyptus spp. (Myrtaceae). Pollen grains of Baccharis sp. (Asteraceae), Cecropia sp. 1 (Cecropiaceae), Copaifera langsdorffii (Fabaceae), Mimosa nuda (Fabaceae), Eucalyptus spp. (Myrtaceae) and Trema micrantha (Ulmaceae) were present in the honey samples throughout the study period.