[Ultra-structural study of Ni-Cr alloys used in joint prosthesis]. / Etude ultra-structurale des alliages Ni-Cr utilisés en prothèse conjointe.

Ni-Cr alloys used in denture set, which have excellent mechanical properties, have a chemical and electrochemical inertia that depends on their composition and their microstructure. The objective of our work was to study the ultrastructure of the Ni-Cr alloy exposed to a free corrosion and a chemical analysis of surface depending on its composition. For this, five electrodes Ni-Cr alloy were prepared at the prosthesis laboratory by varying their composition. An analysis of the ultrastructure of the samples made by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) samples was performed as well as a chemical analysis of their spectra. Prior to any manipulation, analysis by SEM of electrode number 5 (100% new metal) shows an altered surface. The electrode 3 (75% new metal) also presents an uneven surface. After a week in a free corrosion in Meyer solution at pH = 6.5, the electrode 5 shows a widespread intergranular and pitting corrosion. The same electrode 3 (75% new metal) after one week immersion in Ringer's solution at pH 7.9, shows a widespread intergranular and pitting corrosion. After electrochemical testing in Ringer's solution at pH 5, the SEM for electrode 1 (100% recovered metal) shows a very rugged structure with an important crevice corrosion. The composition and terms of shaping the Ni-Cr alloy influence its microstructure and at the same time its electrochemical behavior.

[Cephalometric determination of the occlusion plane: the Broadrick flag technique]. / Détermination céphalometrique du plan d'occlusion la technique du drapeau.

Based on the principle of the sphere of MONSON, the Broadrick flag technique constitutes a relatively simple means to determine the plan of occlusion, by using a radius fixes of 104 mm. The theory of MONSON was debated a long time. Our work consists of a clinical study realized in the CCTD of Casablanca, on 31 completely toothed cases normocclusion. Its objective was triple: to calculate on the profile teleradiographies, the anatomical and geometrical rays used for the construction of SPEE curve, to see if there is concordance between these two rays and finally to compare them with the theoretical value of 104 mm. From the obtained results it would seem that: The 104 mm value, cannot be considered as a standard average to be used to determine the curve of occlusion, also the articulator such as it is designed currently cannot be used in all the patient's about is the values of their rays. In the absence of molars, the anatomical radius cannot be used in place of the geometrical radius to determine the curve of occlusion. The measured gap between the obtained curve and the plan of occlusion remains not insignificant, he can reach 3 mm for the anatomical radius and 3,5 mm for the geometrical radius. In the total edentate, the cephalometric determination of occlusion plane, by basing itself on the anatomical radius or the geometrical radius is not possible.

(2E)-2-Benzyl-idene-4-ethyl-3,4-dihydro-naphthalen-1(2H)-one.

In the title compound, C(19)H(18)O, the exocyclic C=C double bond has an E configuration. The ethyl substituent on the cyclo-hexa-none ring is in an axial position. The cyclo-hexa-none ring adopts a half-chair conformation, presumably due to conjugation in the benzene ring.

4-tert-Butyl-3',4'-bis-(4-methyl-phen-yl)-3,4-dihydro-1H,4'H-spiro-[naphthalene-2,5'-[1,2]oxazol]-1-one.

In the title compound, C(30)H(31)NO(2), the cyclo-hexa-none ring in the naphthalene fused-ring system adopts a half-chair conformation, presumably due to conjugation of the benzene ring. The naphthalene ring system makes dihedral angles of 86.63 (7), 65.15 (8) and 63.18 (8)° with respect to the two methyl-benzene planes and the 1,2-oxazole ring system. Inter-molecular C-H⋯O and C-H⋯N hydrogen bonding and C-H⋯π inter-actions stabilize the crystal structure. The H atoms of the two methyl groups of the methyl-phenyl groups are disordered over two positions with equal occupancies.

[Tripe palms and a hypertrophic osteoarthropathy syndrome revealing a neuroendocrine carcinoma of the lung]. / Pachydermatoglyphie associée à une ostéoarthropathie hypertrophique révélant un carcinome neuroendocrine du poumon.

BACKGROUND: Tripe palms is a rare cutaneous paraneoplastic syndrome, primarily evocative of lung and gastric neoplasia. Association of many paraneoplastic diseases has also been reported. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A 49-year-old man with a history of alcoholism and smoking addiction reported haemoptysis and thoracic pains present for one year. The physical examination showed left lung condensation. The skin examination revealed a thickened yellowish keratoderma with exaggerated skin ridges and digital clubbing. A diagnosis of paraneoplastic tripe palms was made, prompting repetition of the biopsy which ultimately revealed a neuroendocrine carcinoma. Skeletal scintigraphy showed periosteal proliferation with hypertrophic osteoarthropathy. COMMENTS: "Tripe palms" or "osteoarthritic acanthosis" is a paraneoplastic syndrome. It involves an acquired keratoderma taking on a yellow velvety appearance with accentuation of dermatoglyphic lines. Malignancy is discovered in over 90% of individuals with tripe palms. If malignancy is isolated, it mostly involves the lung (53%). Gastric cancer is associated in 77% of cases if the condition is associated with acanthosis nigricans. In approximately one third of cases, the keratoderma may resolve, generally after treatment of the tumour. The association of many paraneoplastic syndromes has also been reported, in particular digital clubbing and hypertrophic osteoarthropathy. At least 90% of cases of hypertrophic osteoarthropathy in adults occur in patients who have or will eventually develop a malignancy. It is characterized by periostosis of long bones, joint pain, and clubbing, and it is often seen on bone scintigraphy during staging of lung carcinoma.

[Bilateral tooth fusion]. / Fusion dentaire bilatérale.

INTRODUCTION: Tooth fusion is the union of two adjacent germs at any stage of their development. It is a rare phenomenon which can present uni- or bilaterally and affects the maxilla more often. OBSERVATION: A male patient, 25 years of age, presented with a bilateral maxillary fusion of tooth 11 and supernumerary tooth 11, as well as teeth 21-22. Retroalveolar images confirmed the bilateral fusion with a bifide crown and a single root for 11 and a bifide crown separated by a central groove with two diverging roots. No esthetic and/or functional impact was noted and no specific treatment was initiated. DISCUSSION: Fusion is a dental development anomaly with a relatively weak esthetic and/or functional impact. But some dental lesions can appear, parodontal diseases, a shortened arcade, a delayed tooth growth, an ectopy of permanent teeth, etc. An adapted treatment should be initiated with the aim of separating fused teeth and restoring their functional and esthetic features.

Calcific pancreatitis uncovering a multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1: A case report in compliance with the scare guidelines.

INTRODUCTION: Chronic pancreatitis are mostly linked to alcoholic consumption or biliary lithiasis; and Primary hyperthyroidism (PHPT) is still a very rare association and the exact physiopathology is yet to be fully unveiled to the human knowledge. We present the first case report of a calcific pancreatitis associated with not only PHPT but a multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) type 1. CASE PRESENTATION: We report the case of a 52 years old woman suffering from mellitus diabetes consulting the emergency rooms for acute pancreatitis with hyperlipasemia and hypercalcemia whom final imaging discovered a pituitary gland adenoma, a left surrenal adenoma, and a parathyroid adenoma, and for the pancreas it reveiled an acute mild pancreatitis with a background of calcifications, no gallstones, no bone or renal abnormalities; and the parathyroidectomy was performed following the minimally invasive selective technique. DISCUSSION: Calcemia levels testing routinely performed help discover hyperparathyroidism. The associations of chronic pancreatic inflammation to hyperparathyroidism needs to be studied, even if hypercalcemia is prooven to be a risk factor of pancreatitis; the mechanism behind this association is brievely described. parathyroidectomy is the definitive cure for hyperparathyroidism, the technique advances has shown effective localization of the responsible adenoma and the intraoperative testing of parathormon levels after resection decreasing is a very reliable extemporaneous sign for the success of the procedure. CONCLUSION: The endocrine system is synchronized; meaning the injury of one gland should start the search for others. In our case, the first main lead should not have been the acute pancreatitis but her diabetes. In the future we suggest that diabetes primary explorations may need a pancreatic imaging and endocrine explorations even though it could get pricier for the healthcare system, but giving the complications that we could prevent; it is to be considered.

[Divergent carpometacarpal joint dislocations of the ulnar four fingers (a case report)]. / Luxation carpométacarpienne divergente des quatre derniers doigts (à propos d'un cas).

The authors report an unusual case of multiple carpometacarpal joint dislocations of the ulnar four fingers, treated by closed reduction and fixation with percutaneous Kirschner-wires. A plaster splint with the wrist in neutral position was applied for six weeks. Active physiotherapy of the fingers was started from four weeks after surgery, with a satisfactory result.

Short implants (5-8 mm) vs. long implants in augmented bone and their impact on peri-implant bone in maxilla and/or mandible: Systematic review.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this systematic literature review is to determine the impact of implant length on marginal bone loss in atrophied arches. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The systematic search of the literature was carried out using electronic databases PubMed, EbscoHost, Cochrane, as well as a manual search of randomized controlled trials in humans, with a follow-up period of at least 12 months, published between 2005 and 2016, comparing the short implants on the one hand, and the long implants placed in atrophic bone crests having undergone bone augmentation on the other hand. This systematic review followed the guidelines of PRISMA Statement (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes). The results of the clinical trials were described according to the PICO criteria. The qualitative analysis was conducted by Jadad scale and the Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias. RESULTS: Thirteen randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included in our systematic review. Gradual marginal bone loss (intra-group comparison) was significant regardless of the arcade. The difference in bone loss between short and long implants (inter-group comparison) was not significant in the first year, but became significant at the end of the fifth year regardless of the arcade. CONCLUSION: Despite the satisfactory results in relation to short implants, it is appropriate to extend the duration of RCTs up to 10 years in order to support the data collected in our systematic review.

New developments for an electron impact (e,2e)(e,3e) spectrometer with multiangle collection and multicoincidence detection.

We describe new developments aimed to extend the capabilities and the sensitivity of the (e,2e)(e,3e) multicoincidence spectrometer at Orsay University [Duguet et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 69, 3524 (1998)]. The spectrometer has been improved by the addition of a third multiangle detection channel for the fast "scattered" electron. The present system is unique in that it is the only system which combines three toroidal analyzers all equipped with position sensitive detectors, thus allowing the triple coincidence detection of the three electrons present in the final state of an electron impact double ionization process. The setup allows measurement of the angular and energy distributions of the ejected electrons over almost the totality of the collision plane as well as that of the scattered electron over a large range of scattering angles in the forward direction. The resulting gain in sensitivity ( approximately 25) has rendered feasible a whole class of experiments which could not be otherwise envisaged. The setup is described with a special emphasis on the new toroidal analyzer, data acquisition hardware, and data analysis procedures. The performances are illustrated by selected results of (e,2e) and (e,3e) experiments on the rare gases.

Acetylation polymorphism expression in patients before and after liver transplantation: influence of host/graft genotypes.

The consequences of liver transplantation on NAT2 activity were studied in 58 patients of Caucasian origin and compared with a group control of 119 unrelated healthy individuals of the same ethnic origin. Acetylation phenotypes were determined using caffeine as a probe drug before and repeatedly after liver transplantation. NAT2 genotypes were determined with three separate polymerase chain reactions to detect either the NAT2*4 wild-type allele or the NAT2*5A, NAT2*6A and NAT2*7A mutated alleles, associated with a decrease in NAT2 enzyme activity. In patients, the molar urinary elimination ratio AFMU/(AFMU+1X+1U) appeared more reliable than AFMU/1X for assessing the acetylation phenotype and fitted better with the various haplotypes. The variation of xanthine oxidase activity as measured by the 1U/1X urinary elimination ratio, appeared to be responsible for the poor phenotype prediction from the AFMU/1X ratio in post-transplanted patients. Regardless of the pathologic conditions of the treatment in progress, the genotype of the liver played an overwhelming role in the phenotypic expression of NAT2 compared with the genotype of other organs, where NAT2 was expressed in patients who presented a chimerism after liver transplantation.

Inhaled nitric oxide in acute respiratory distress syndrome with and without septic shock requiring norepinephrine administration: a dose-response study.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this prospective study was to assess whether the presence of septic shock could influence the dose response to inhaled nitric oxide (NO) in NO-responding patients with adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). RESULTS: Eight patients with ARDS and without septic shock (PaO2 = 95 +/- 16 mmHg, PEEP = 0, FiO2 = 1.0), and eight patients with ARDS and septic shock (PaO2 = 88 +/- 11 mmHg, PEEP = 0, FiO2 = 1.0) receiving exclusively norepinephrine were studied. All responded to 15 ppm inhaled NO with an increase in PaO2 of at least 40 mmHg, at FiO2 1.0 and PEEP 10 cmH2O. Inspiratory intratracheal NO concentrations were recorded continuously using a fast response time chemiluminescence apparatus. Seven inspiratory NO concentrations were randomly administered: 0.15, 0.45, 1.5, 4.5, 15, 45 and 150 ppm. In both groups, NO induced a dose-dependent decrease in mean pulmonary artery pressure (MPAP), pulmonary vascular resistance index (PVRI), and venous admixture (QVA/QT), and a dose-dependent increase in PaO2/FiO2 (P

Some characteristics of the HIV epidemic in Morocco.

The first case of AIDS in Morocco was declared in 1986 and since then the number of AIDS cases has steadily increased. According to the Ministry of Health, the cumulative number of AIDS cases in December 2002 was 1085. HIV in Morocco is acquired mainly through heterosexual intercourse. Individuals aged between 30 and 39 years and in the regions of Marrakech and Agadir have been the most affected. Monitoring of the trend of the epidemic by sentinel surveillance surveys indicates that Morocco is still a low prevalence zone, since prevalence among pregnant women is less than 1%. The estimated number of HIV-infected people in Morocco is around 15 000. It is not clear why the epidemic here has not evolved as it has in the sub-Saharan countries where it is spreading at an alarming rate. Late introduction of HIV-1 subtype B in Morocco, which is relatively less transmissible, circumcision and reduced risk behaviours of Muslims may explain this. Nonetheless, because prevalence has increased in recent years, unless preventive measures are strengthened, the HIV epidemic will worsen in Morocco.

[A rare cause of urinary obstruction: urogenital tuberculosis]. / Cause rare d'anuries obstructives: la tuberculose urogénitale.

The authors reported a rare cause of urogenital tuberculosis complicated by an obstructive acute renal failure in 44 years old man with solitary anatomic kidney. The authors insisted of using the upper urinary tract opacification by percutaneous nephrostomy for diagnosis, the urogenital tuberculosis with this exploration, we can suspected the tuberculosis by abnormalities of the radiologic imagine, and confirmed the koch bacilli urinary into urinary tract. The upper chance of positives of finding koch bacilli in higher than urinary bladder.

Rioprostil in the short-term treatment of duodenal ulcer: a multicentre double-blind trial vs. cimetidine.

The efficacy and safety of the new prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) synthetic analogue, rioprostil, 300 micrograms b.d. and cimetidine, 400 mg b.d., on duodenal ulcer healing are compared in an international, multicentre, double-blind study. A total of 257 patients have entered the study; 243 are considered eligible for efficacy analysis and 207 for safety analysis. After 4 and 6 weeks of treatment, the endoscopic healing rates do not significantly differ between the two groups, being 55% and 83% respectively with rioprostil vs. 60% and 78% respectively with cimetidine. The major adverse effect attributable to rioprostil is diarrhoea, which was documented in 11% of patients compared with 1% of patients taking cimetidine. However, central nervous system complaints are twice as frequent in the cimetidine group. Monitoring of clinical laboratory tests show no significant abnormalities when compared with the baseline values during the administration of either drug. This study documents that rioprostil, at the dosage of 300 micrograms b.d., is as effective and safe as cimetidine in the short-term therapy of duodenal ulcer.