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1.
Toxicol Pathol ; 45(5): 593-603, 2017 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28782456

RESUMO

We report the identification, pathogenesis, and transmission of a novel polyomavirus in severe combined immunodeficient F344 rats with null Prkdc and interleukin 2 receptor gamma genes. Infected rats experienced weight loss, decreased fecundity, and mortality. Large basophilic intranuclear inclusions were observed in epithelium of the respiratory tract, salivary and lacrimal glands, uterus, and prostate gland. Unbiased viral metagenomic sequencing of lesioned tissues identified a novel polyomavirus, provisionally named Rattus norvegicus polyomavirus 2 (RatPyV2), which clustered with Washington University (WU) polyomavirus in the Wuki clade of the Betapolyomavirus genus. In situ hybridization analyses and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results demonstrated viral nucleic acids in epithelium of respiratory, glandular, and reproductive tissues. Polyomaviral disease was reproduced in Foxn1rnu nude rats cohoused with infected rats or experimentally inoculated with virus. After development of RatPyV2-specific diagnostic assays, a survey of immune-competent rats from North American research institutions revealed detection of RatPyV2 in 7 of 1,000 fecal samples by PCR and anti-RatPyV2 antibodies in 480 of 1,500 serum samples. These findings suggest widespread infection in laboratory rat populations, which may have profound implications for established models of respiratory injury. Additionally, RatPyV2 infection studies may provide an important system to investigate the pathogenesis of WU polyomavirus diseases of man.


Assuntos
Infecções por Polyomavirus , Polyomavirus , Infecções Tumorais por Vírus , Animais , Feminino , Pulmão/virologia , Masculino , Metagenômica , Polyomavirus/genética , Polyomavirus/isolamento & purificação , Polyomavirus/patogenicidade , Infecções por Polyomavirus/complicações , Infecções por Polyomavirus/genética , Infecções por Polyomavirus/transmissão , Infecções por Polyomavirus/virologia , Ratos , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Imunodeficiência Combinada Severa/complicações , Distribuição Tecidual , Infecções Tumorais por Vírus/complicações , Infecções Tumorais por Vírus/genética , Infecções Tumorais por Vírus/transmissão , Infecções Tumorais por Vírus/virologia , Carga Viral/genética
2.
Prev Med ; 57(3): 189-93, 2013 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23732240

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Neighborhood safety, green space, walkability, and sociodemographics may influence physical activity and childhood obesity. METHODS: Data on measured height and weight, demographic characteristics, and home ZIP code were collected from year 2004 enrollees in a means-tested preschool program in New York City. Each ZIP code was surrounded by a 400-m buffer and characterized using data from the US census, local government departments, New York Times website, and Transportation Alternatives. Linear and Poisson models were constructed using cluster robust standard errors and adjusting for child's sex, race, ethnicity, age, and neighborhood characteristics. RESULTS: Analyses included 11,562 children ages 3-5 years living in 160 residential ZIP codes. A higher homicide rate (at the 75th vs 25th percentile) was associated with a 22% higher prevalence of obesity (95% CI for the prevalence ratio (PR): 1.05 to 1.41). A higher density of street trees (at the 75th vs 25th percentile) was associated with 12% lower prevalence of obesity (95% CI for the PR: 0.79 to 0.99). Other neighborhood characteristics did not have significant associations with childhood obesity. CONCLUSIONS: Among preschool children from low-income families, neighborhood homicide rate was associated with more obesity and street tree density was associated with less obesity.


Assuntos
Planejamento Ambiental , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Pobreza , Características de Residência , Segurança , Fatores Etários , Pré-Escolar , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Homicídio/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Masculino , Cidade de Nova Iorque , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco
3.
Stem Cells ; 27(1): 150-6, 2009 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18832590

RESUMO

Heterotopic ossification (HO), the abnormal formation of true marrow-containing bone within extraskeletal soft tissues, is a serious bony disorder that may be either acquired or hereditary. We utilized an animal model of the genetic disorder fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva to examine the cellular mechanisms underlying HO. We found that HO in these animals was triggered by soft tissue injuries and that the effects were mediated by macrophages. Spreading of HO beyond the initial injury site was mediated by an abnormal adaptive immune system. These observations suggest that dysregulation of local stem/progenitor cells could be a common cellular mechanism for typical HO irrespective of the signal initiating the bone formation.


Assuntos
Ossificação Heterotópica/patologia , Células-Tronco/patologia , Animais , Proteína Morfogenética Óssea 4/metabolismo , Linhagem da Célula , Sistema Imunitário/imunologia , Integrases/metabolismo , Macrófagos/imunologia , Camundongos , Modelos Biológicos , Músculos/patologia , Ossificação Heterotópica/imunologia , Fosfopiruvato Hidratase/metabolismo , Pele/patologia
4.
Milbank Q ; 87(3): 547-70, 2009 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19751279

RESUMO

CONTEXT: In December 2005, in characterizing diabetes as an epidemic, the New York City Board of Health mandated the laboratory reporting of hemoglobin A1C laboratory test results. This mandate established the United States' first population-based registry to track the level of blood sugar control in people with diabetes. But mandatory A1C reporting has provoked debate regarding the role of public health agencies in the control of noncommunicable diseases and, more specifically, both privacy and the doctor-patient relationship. METHODS: This article reviews the rationale for adopting the rule requiring the reporting of A1C test results, experience with its implementation, and criticisms raised in the context of the history of public health practice. FINDINGS: For many decades, public health agencies have used identifiable information collected through mandatory laboratory reporting to monitor the population's health and develop programs for the control of communicable and noncommunicable diseases. The registry program sends quarterly patient rosters stratified by A1C level to more than one thousand medical providers, and it also sends letters, on the provider's letterhead whenever possible, to patients at risk of diabetes complications (A1C level >9 percent), advising medical follow-up. The activities of the registry program are similar to those of programs for other reportable conditions and constitute a joint effort between a governmental public health agency and medical providers to improve patients' health outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Mandatory reporting has proven successful in helping combat other major epidemics. New York City's A1C Registry activities combine both traditional and novel public health approaches to reduce the burden of an epidemic chronic disease, diabetes. Despite criticism that mandatory reporting compromises individuals' right to privacy without clear benefit, the early feedback has been positive and suggests that the benefits will outweigh the potential harms. Further evaluation will provide additional information that other local health jurisdictions may use in designing their strategies to address chronic disease.


Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/epidemiologia , Hemoglobinas Glicadas/análise , Vigilância da População , Sistema de Registros , Confidencialidade , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/sangue , Humanos , Cidade de Nova Iorque/epidemiologia , Prática de Saúde Pública
5.
Stem Cell Res Ther ; 10(1): 14, 2019 01 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30635039

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Heterotopic ossification (HO), either acquired (aHO) or hereditary, such as fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP), is a serious condition without effective treatment. Understanding of the core process of injury-induced HO is still severely limited. METHODS: Double-pulse thymidine analog labeling was used to explore the distinctive domains evolved in injury-induced lesions in an animal model of HO (Nse-BMP4). Histological studies were performed to see whether a similar zonal pattern is also consistently found in biopsies from patients with aHO and FOP. In vivo clonal analysis with Rainbow mice, genetic loss-of-function studies with diphtheria toxin A (DTA)-mediated depletion and lineage tracing with Zsgreen reporter mice were used to obtain further evidence that Tie2-cre-, Gli1-creERT-, and Glast-creERT-labeled cells contribute to HO as niche-dwelling progenitor/stem cells. Immunohistochemistry was used to test whether vasculature, neurites, macrophages, and mast cells are closely associated with the proposed niche and thus are possible candidate niche supportive cells. Similar methods also were employed to further understand the signaling pathways that regulate the niche and the resultant HO. RESULTS: We found that distinctive domains evolved in injury-induced lesions, including, from outside-in, a mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) niche, a transient domain and an inner differentiated core in an animal model of HO (Nse-BMP4). A similar zonal structure was found in patients with aHO and FOP. In vivo clonal analysis with Rainbow mice and genetic loss-of-function studies with DTA provided evidence that Tie2-cre-, Gli1-creERT-, and Glast-creERT-labeled cells contribute to HO as niche-dwelling progenitor/stem cells; consistently, vasculature, neurites, macrophages, and mast cells are closely associated with the proposed niche and thus are possible candidate niche supportive cells. Further mechanistic study found that BMP and hedgehog (Hh) signaling co-regulate the niche and the resultant HO. CONCLUSIONS: Available data provide evidence of a potential core mechanism in which multiple disease-specific cellular and extracellular molecular elements form a unique local microenvironment, i.e., an injury-induced stem cell niche, which regulates the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The implication for HO is that therapeutic approaches must consider several different disease specific factors as parts of a functional unit, instead of treating one factor at a time.


Assuntos
Miosite Ossificante/genética , Ossificação Heterotópica/genética , Osteogênese/genética , Nicho de Células-Tronco/genética , Animais , Diferenciação Celular/genética , Proliferação de Células/genética , Toxina Diftérica/genética , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Transportador 1 de Aminoácido Excitatório/genética , Humanos , Mutação com Perda de Função/genética , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais/citologia , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais/metabolismo , Camundongos , Miosite Ossificante/patologia , Miosite Ossificante/terapia , Ossificação Heterotópica/patologia , Ossificação Heterotópica/terapia , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/genética , Receptor TIE-2/genética , Transdução de Sinais/genética , Proteína GLI1 em Dedos de Zinco/genética
7.
West J Nurs Res ; 36(9): 1030-51, 2014 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24407771

RESUMO

We describe baseline demographic and psychosocial characteristics of low-income, diverse diabetes adults enrolled in a telephonic intervention trial. Environment for the study was New York City (NYC) A1C Registry program. Baseline data were analyzed from 941 participants randomized to either telephonic/print or print-only intervention to improve glycemic control. Summary statistics for key variables were calculated; we highlight baseline contrasts between Latino and non-Latino participants. There were high proportions of Latino (67.7%) and non-Latino Black (28.0%) participants from South Bronx. Mean age was 56.3 years, almost 70.0% were foreign born, and 55.8% preferred Spanish language. Mean A1C was 9.2% and mean body mass index (BMI) 32.1 kg/m(2). There were significant contrasts between Latino and non-Latino participants for behavioral and psychosocial variables. This telephonic intervention study succeeded in randomizing a large number of low-income, diverse participants with poor diabetes control who are under-represented in studies. Latino versus non-Latino differences at baseline were striking.


Assuntos
Negro ou Afro-Americano/estatística & dados numéricos , Demografia/estatística & dados numéricos , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/etnologia , Hemoglobinas Glicadas/análise , Hispânico ou Latino/estatística & dados numéricos , Pobreza/estatística & dados numéricos , Psicologia/estatística & dados numéricos , Autocuidado/métodos , População Branca/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , Idoso , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Entrevistas como Assunto , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Cidade de Nova Iorque/epidemiologia , Cidade de Nova Iorque/etnologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Sistema de Registros , Autocuidado/normas
9.
Diabetes Care ; 32(1): 57-62, 2009 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19114627

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of diabetes and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and to assess clinical management indicators among adults with diabetes in a representative sample of New York City adults. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: In 2004, New York City implemented the first community-level Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NYC HANES), modeled after the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). We used an interview to determine previously diagnosed diabetes and measured fasting plasma glucose to determine undiagnosed diabetes and IFG in a probability sample of 1,336 New York City adults. We assessed glycemic control and other clinical indicators using standardized NHANES protocols. RESULTS: The prevalence of diabetes among New York City adults was 12.5% (95% CI 10.3-15.1): 8.7% diagnosed and 3.8% undiagnosed. Nearly one-fourth (23.5%) of adults had IFG. Asians had the highest prevalence of impaired glucose metabolism (diabetes 16.1%, IFG 32.4%) but were significantly less likely to be obese. Among adults with diagnosed diabetes, less than one-half (45%) had A1C levels <7%; one-half (50%) had elevated blood pressure measures at interview, 43% of whom were not on antihypertensive medications; nearly two-thirds (66%) had elevated LDL levels, and only 10% had their glucose, blood pressure, and cholesterol all at or below recommended levels. Most adults (84%) with diagnosed diabetes were on medication, but only 12% were receiving insulin. CONCLUSIONS: In New York City, diabetes and IFG are widespread. Policies and structural interventions to promote physical activity and healthy eating should be prioritized. Improved disease management systems are needed for people with diabetes.


Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiologia , Intolerância à Glucose/epidemiologia , Adulto , Povo Asiático/estatística & dados numéricos , População Negra/estatística & dados numéricos , Complicações do Diabetes/epidemiologia , Características da Família , Feminino , Hemoglobinas Glicadas/metabolismo , Nível de Saúde , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos , Humanos , Hipertensão/complicações , Hipertensão/epidemiologia , Entrevistas como Assunto , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Cidade de Nova Iorque/epidemiologia , Cooperação do Paciente , População Branca/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto Jovem
10.
Diabetes Care ; 30(5): 1314-9, 2007 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17290037

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine rates and factors associated with recurrence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) among women with a history of GDM. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We conducted a systematic literature review of articles published between January 1965 and November 2006, in which recurrence rates of GDM among women with a history of GDM were reported. Factors abstracted included recurrence rates, time elapsed between pregnancies, race/ethnicity, diagnostic criteria, and, when available, maternal age, parity, weight or BMI at the initial and subsequent pregnancy, weight gain at the initial or subsequent pregnancy and between pregnancies, insulin use, gestational age at diagnosis, glucose tolerance test levels, baby birth weight and presence of macrosomia, and breast-feeding. RESULTS: Of 45 articles identified, 13 studies were eligible for inclusion. After the index pregnancy, recurrence rates varied between 30 and 84%. Lower rates were found in non-Hispanic white (NHW) populations (30-37%), and higher rates were found in minority populations (52-69%). Exceptions to observed racial/ethnic variations in recurrence were found in cohorts that were composed of a significant proportion of both NHW and minority women or that included women who had subsequent pregnancies within 1 year. No other risk factors were consistently associated with recurrence of GDM across studies. The rates of future preexisting diabetes in pregnancy, socioeconomic status, postpartum diabetes screening rates after the index pregnancy, and the average length of time between pregnancies were generally not reported. CONCLUSIONS: Recurrence of GDM was common and may vary most significantly by NHW versus minority race/ethnicity.


Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiologia , Diabetes Gestacional/fisiopatologia , Estudos de Coortes , Diabetes Gestacional/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Gravidez , Recidiva
11.
Am J Public Health ; 95(9): 1536-9, 2005 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16051928

RESUMO

We analyzed gestational diabetes mellitus trends in New York City between 1990 and 2001 by using information obtained from birth certificates. Gestational diabetes diagnoses among women who delivered babies increased 46%, from 2.6% (95% confidence interval [CI]=2.5, 2.7) to 3.8% (95% CI=3.7, 3.9) of births. Prevalence was highest among South and Central Asian women (11%). Given risks for adverse fetal outcomes and maternal chronic diabetes, prompt screening is critical. Metabolic control should be maintained during pregnancy and assessed postpartum for women with gestational diabetes.


Assuntos
Diabetes Gestacional/etnologia , Adulto , Declaração de Nascimento , Diabetes Gestacional/epidemiologia , Etnicidade/classificação , Etnicidade/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Humanos , Programas de Rastreamento , Cidade de Nova Iorque/epidemiologia , Gravidez , Cuidado Pré-Natal , Prevalência , Fatores Socioeconômicos
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