Etiology, presentation and management of urinary tract infections in multiple sclerosis patients: A review of the current literature.

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) present a formidable challenge in the care of individuals affected by multiple sclerosis (MS). Lower urinary tract dysfunction is a prevalent issue among MS patients, predisposing them to an elevated risk of UTIs. When left untreated, UTIs can further exacerbate the already compromised quality of life in individuals with MS. The diagnosis and management of UTIs in MS patients necessitate a careful clinical evaluation. The objective of this review is to delineate preventive strategies and current and developing therapeutic approaches for preventing and treating UTIs associated with urinary dysfunction, catheterization, and upper urinary tract infections in patients with MS. Effectively addressing UTIs and urinary tract dysfunction in individuals with multiple sclerosis calls for a comprehensive, interdisciplinary approach.

[Hematoma of the adrenal gland in the newborn infant. Clinical course. Presentation of 20 cases]. / L'ematoma della surrenale nel neonato. Evoluzione. Presentazione di 20 casi.

The Authors stress the importance of a correct sonographic study in the follow-up of neonatal adrenal hemorrhage; the diagnostic conclusion are: the best criterion for differential diagnosis is the chronological variability. However the differential diagnosis is rather easy. The differential d. usually is against cystic-neuroblastoma, cortical renal cyst, adrenal abscess. They remark that laparatomy is unnecessary.