RESUMO
Meniscectomy in a young active patient can lead to poor outcomes with pain, decreased function and long-term osteoarthritis. Meniscal allograft transplantation (MAT) has therefore been developed to address this issue. We now have 30 years of experience with this technique which is no longer considered experimental and new indications have been added. MAT allows restoration of joint biomechanics, pain relief, improvement in knee function and stability, and reduce cartilage degeneration. This is a comprehensive review of the role of menisci, the indications and principles of MAT, as well as these results.
La méniscectomie chez un jeune patient actif peut mener à de mauvais résultats avec des douleurs, une diminution de la fonction puis de l'arthrose à long terme. La transplantation d'allogreffe méniscale (TAM) a donc été développée pour répondre à cette problématique. Nous avons maintenant 30 ans de recul sur cette technique, elle n'est plus considérée comme expérimentale et de nouvelles indications ont été ajoutées. La TAM permet de restaurer la biomécanique du genou et donc de soulager les douleurs, d'améliorer la fonction et la stabilité du genou ainsi que de ralentir la dégénérescence cartilagineuse. Cet article fait le point sur le rôle des ménisques, les indications et principes de la TAM ainsi que ses résultats.
Assuntos
Menisco/transplante , Transplante Homólogo , Humanos , Articulação do Joelho/cirurgia , Meniscectomia , Menisco/cirurgia , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: While open repair of horizontal meniscal tears in young active patients has shown good results at mid- and long-term follow-up, complex horizontal tears (cleavage associated with meniscal flaps) are often treated by arthroscopic subtotal meniscectomy. The aim of this study was to evaluate long-term outcomes after arthroscopic removal of meniscal flaps associated with an open meniscal repair for treating complex lesions in young active patients. The hypothesis was that this salvage procedure would be efficient in such rare cases. METHODS: Fourteen patients underwent an arthroscopic partial meniscectomy associated with an open meniscal repair to treat a painful complex horizontal meniscal cleavage between 2005 and 2010. There were two females and 12 males with a median age of 28.4 years (range 15-48 years). Patients were assessed by KOOS and IKDC scores, return to sport and the need for a secondary meniscectomy. RESULTS: Thirty patients were evaluated at a median follow-up of 8.5 years (range 7-12 years). One patient required revision of a partial meniscectomy and one other a meniscal replacement (15% failure rate). All other patients showed improvement with regard to their symptoms and returned to sports, ten (91%) of them at the same level. The mean IKDC subjective score was 86.1 (± 10.9). The mean KOOS scores were: pain 91.4 (± 7.5), symptoms 91.4 (± 10.2), daily activity 97.1 (± 4), sports 84.4 (± 20.7) and quality of life 84 (± 14.2). For six patients, scores at median follow-up of 2.6 years were available and compared to newly obtained data. IKDC score at 8.6 years follow-up was not significantly different. KOOS scores for daily activity and sports were maintained. CONCLUSIONS: Even in the presence of a complex lesion, horizontal cleavage can be repaired in young patients with good subjective and objective outcomes and a low rate of long-term failure as with other meniscal lesions in young active patients. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: IV.
Assuntos
Meniscectomia/métodos , Lesões do Menisco Tibial/cirurgia , Adolescente , Adulto , Artroscopia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Avaliação de Resultados da Assistência ao Paciente , Volta ao Esporte , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Degenerative meniscal tears (DMT) are common, often asymptomatic, and are associated with early-stage knee osteoarthritis in patients over 35 years of age. Conservative treatment, including exercise, physiotherapy and pain medication, should be offered as a first management approach for patients with symptomatic DMT. The indication for partial arthroscopic meniscectomy should be considered carefully, and based on specific criteria. Recently, several randomized controlled studies comparing partial medial meniscectomy to conservative treatment or to a sham procedure have questioned the effectiveness of surgical treatment of these lesions.The purpose of this article is to provide an update on the diagnosis and treatment of DMT.
Les lésions méniscales dégénératives (LMD) sont fréquentes, souvent asymptomatiques et considérées comme une préarthrose chez le patient de plus de 35 ans. Lorsqu'elles sont associées à une douleur du genou, le traitement conservateur est le premier choix. En cas d'échec, l'indication à une méniscectomie partielle par arthroscopie doit être réfléchie et repose sur des critères précis. Récemment, plusieurs études randomisées ont remis en cause l'efficacité du traitement chirurgical de ces lésions. Celui-ci n'apporterait pas de bénéfice par rapport au traitement médical ou à une chirurgie « placebo ¼. Le but de cet article est de faire le point sur le diagnostic et la prise en charge des LMD.
Assuntos
Traumatismos do Joelho , Meniscectomia , Lesões do Menisco Tibial , Adulto , Artroscopia , Humanos , Traumatismos do Joelho/cirurgia , Meniscos Tibiais , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Lesões do Menisco Tibial/cirurgiaRESUMO
PURPOSE: Although there have been many publications regarding the risk factors for implant-associated orthopaedic infections, none have investigated how clinical presentations and epidemiology may differ between infections with and without osteosynthetic material. METHODS: We pooled clinical data from several databases of adult patients with orthopaedic infections hospitalized at Geneva University Hospitals from January 2004 to December 2014. RESULTS: Among 2740 episodes of orthopaedic infections, 76% were implant-free osteoarticular or soft tissue infections. Among the 665 (24% of the total episodes) infections that involved osteosynthetic material, 319 (49%) were total joint arthroplasties, 143 single plates, and 50 single nails. The remainders were mixed implant infections, pins, wires, screws, cerclages or spondylodeses. The implant-associated, compared to the implant-free, infections were significantly more frequently associated with female sex, older age, bacteraemia and skin commensal infections, e.g. coagulase-negative staphylococci, corynebacteria or propionibacteria. In contrast, implant-associated infections were significantly less frequently associated with immune suppression, abscess formation, infections due to Staphylococcus aureus or streptococci, polymicrobial pathogens and foot infections. The serum CRP levels at admission were similar (median 82 vs. 75 mg/L). CONCLUSIONS: Compared to implant-free infections, implant-associated orthopaedic infections are more likely monomicrobial, bacteraemic and due to skin commensals. They involve more often female and older patients, but are less often associated with immune suppression, abscess formation and foot infections.
Assuntos
Próteses e Implantes/efeitos adversos , Infecções Relacionadas à Prótese/epidemiologia , Infecções Estafilocócicas/epidemiologia , Infecções Estreptocócicas/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Pinos Ortopédicos/efeitos adversos , Placas Ósseas/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores de Risco , Suíça/epidemiologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
PURPOSE: The debridement, antibiotic and implant retention (DAIR) procedure is an option for patients with prosthetic hip joint infections for whom arthroplasty removal is problematic. Unfortunately, some of the guidelines proposed for deciding on DAIR management of arthroplasty infections fail to take into consideration the role of the infecting pathogen. While Staphylococcus aureus and streptococci are major contributors to infected hip arthroplasties, their respective contributions to treatment success or failure rates with the DAIR procedure have not been thoroughly analysed from a microbiological perspective. METHODS: This retrospective study included all patients who were hospitalised in Geneva University Hospitals between 1996 and 2012 and were initially treated with DAIR for prosthetic hip joint monomicrobial infection due to S. aureus or Streptococcus spp. The outcome of DAIR treatment was evaluated after a minimal follow-up of two years. A literature search was also performed to retrieve data from additional DAIR-treated cases in other institutions. RESULTS: In our institution, 38 DAIR-treated patients with hip arthroplasty monomicrobial infections underwent at least one surgical debridement (median two, range one to five), exchange of mobile parts and concomitant targeted antibiotic therapy for several weeks or months. A literature search identified outcome data in other institutions from 52 additional DAIR-treated cases according to our study criteria. After merging our own data with those retrieved from other reports, we found a failure rate of 21 % instead of 24 % for S. aureus-infected, DAIR-treated patients, but no failure in 14 streptococcal-infected patients. In the pooled data, the failure rate linked with S. aureus infections was significantly higher than that with Streptococcus ssp. (19/90 vs 0/14 episodes; Fisher's exact test, P = 0.07). CONCLUSIONS: DAIR-treated patients with prosthetic hip joint infections due to S. aureus tended to have worse outcomes than those infected with Streptococcus spp. The specific influence of the infecting pathogen should be considered in future guidelines and recommendations.
Assuntos
Remoção de Dispositivo , Prótese de Quadril/efeitos adversos , Falha de Prótese , Infecções Relacionadas à Prótese/complicações , Infecções Relacionadas à Prótese/terapia , Infecções Estreptocócicas/complicações , Adulto , Idoso , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Desbridamento/métodos , Análise de Falha de Equipamento , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Infecções Relacionadas à Prótese/microbiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Infecções Estafilocócicas/tratamento farmacológico , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Acute injuries of the knee medial collateral ligament complex concomitant with anterior cruciate ligament injuries are common. The exact site of the injury may be difficult to diagnose preoperatively on magnetic resonance imaging. This study describes an arthroscopic sign that helps determine the site of the knee medial collateral ligament complex injury. The "medial compartment drive-through sign," visualized during arthroscopy, is described as an excessive opening of the medial compartment. If this excessive opening is above the meniscus, it corresponds to a femoral-sided injury; conversely, if the excessive opening is below the meniscus, then it is a tibial-sided injury. This allows a precise surgical incision to be made, thereby avoiding extensive approaches and possible wound-related complications.
RESUMO
The presence of preoperative tunnel widening and/or malposition can pose technical challenges for revision anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. This Technical Note describes the use of outside-in drilling to avoid the need for 2-stage reconstruction in the presence of tunnel widening or semi-anatomic tunnels.
RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Chronic anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear might be difficult to diagnose on MRI. Indirect signs might be a typical meniscal or cartilage lesion, or a spontaneous anterior drawer visualized by a decreased angle of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL). PRESENTATION OF CASE: A 27-year-old former ballet dancer was admitted to the emergency department for a locked left knee, without never having experienced previous symptoms of giving way or locking. The MRI performed revealed a medial meniscus bucket handle tear, without traumatic bone marrow oedema or ligament injury. The PCL angle was 130°. A former MRI of her left knee performed 1 year previously to investigate on the recurrent catching of her left knee showed a grade III medial meniscal tear of the posterior horn, and buckling of the PCL angle of 100°, as a sign of chronic ACL rupture. During arthroscopy and medial meniscal repair, the ACL showed complete loss of tension, and was therefore reconstructed simultaneously to enable proper meniscal healing. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Chronic ACL insuffiency is a major risk factor for subsequent medial meniscus tear, especially bucket handle tear. The locked knee might unable proper pre-operative clinical examination. The preoperative MRI therefore being the only possibility to diagnose concomitant ligamentous injury. This is the first case reported in literature showing, that a positive PCL angle sign might be falsely negative due to a locked medial meniscus bucket handle tear.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Surgical treatment of multiligament knee injuries (MLKIs) leads to better outcomes but there are controversies about optimal surgical strategies. Debates remain about timing of surgery: acute, staged or delayed and about graft choice: autograft, allograft or a combination of both. Therefore, we performed a retrospective study aiming to evaluate postoperative laxity using stress radiographs and clinical outcomes after one-stage reconstructions of injured ligaments using non-irradiated, fresh-frozen allografts. HYPOTHESIS: MLKIs treated by one-stage reconstructions using non-irradiated, fresh-frozen allograft may lead to satisfactorily postoperative laxity and clinical outcomes. METHODS: Between November 2013 and July 2015, 23 patients with MLKIs underwent one-stage reconstruction using allograft. Knee injuries were defined according Schenk classification of Knee Dislocation (KD). Patients were evaluated using the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), the Lysholm Knee Scoring Scale, and the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) Subjective Knee Evaluation Form at a minimum follow-up of 24 months. Postoperative anterior, posterior, varus, and valgus laxities were assessed using stress radiographs and expressed as side-to-side differences (SSD) in millimeters. RESULTS: Three of 23 patients were lost to follow-up. There were 6 KD-I, 12 KD-III, and 2 KD-IV lesions, 12 lateral-side and 10 medial-side lesions, and 13 acute and 7 chronic cases. Three patients had associated neurovascular injuries. Mean follow-up was at 29.4±6.1 months. Mean valgus SSD was 0.2mm±1.4mm (range, -2.1-2.2mm), mean varus SSD was 1.4mm±2.5mm (range, -1.7-6.0mm), mean posterior SSD was 7.2mm±3.9mm (range, 1.2-16.0mm), mean anterior SSD was 3.6mm±5.1mm (range, -4.8-16.8mm). Overall IKDC ratings were: 4 grade A, 3B, 7C, and 6D. Three patients complained of postoperative instability, with an IKDC rating of D. The mean subjective IKDC score was 67.2±19.6, the mean Lysholm Knee Scoring Scale was 77.3±16.5, and the mean KOOS results were 78.5±16.6 for pain, 67.7±17.4 for symptoms, 86.5±14.2 for daily activities, 56±25.4 for sports, and 47.2±28.6 for quality of life. Nineteen of 20 patients returned to sport-6 to the same level. One patient underwent an arthroscopic arthrolysis due to postoperative arthrofibrosis. CONCLUSIONS: Using non-irradiated allografts for one-stage reconstructions of all the injured ligaments in MLKIs is effective and safe. Anteroposterior stability was difficult to restore, but patients returned to their daily activities and sometimes to their sports activity at the same preinjury level. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV, case series.
Assuntos
Instabilidade Articular , Traumatismos do Joelho , Aloenxertos , Seguimentos , Humanos , Instabilidade Articular/diagnóstico por imagem , Instabilidade Articular/cirurgia , Traumatismos do Joelho/diagnóstico por imagem , Traumatismos do Joelho/cirurgia , Articulação do Joelho , Qualidade de Vida , Radiografia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: There is few medical literature regarding factors associated with remission after surgical and medical treatment of postoperative spine infections. METHODS: Single-centre case-control study 2007-2014. Cluster-controlled Cox regression model with emphasis on surgical and antibiotic-related parameters. RESULTS: Overall, we found 66 episodes in 48 patients (49 episodes with metalwork) who had a median follow-up of 2.6 years (range, 0.5 to 6.8 years). The patients had a median of two surgical debridements. The median duration of antibiotic therapy was 8 weeks, of which 2 weeks parenteral. Clinical recurrence after treatment was noted in 13 episodes (20%), after a median interval of 2 months. In 53 cases (80%), the episodes were considered as in remission. By multivariate analyses, no variable was associated with remission. Especially, the following factors were not significantly related to remission: number of surgical interventions [hazard ratio (HR) 0.9; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.8-1.1]; infection due to Staphylococcus aureus (HR 0.9; 0.8-1.1), local antibiotic therapy (HR 1.2; 0.6-2.4), and, duration of total (HR 1.0; 0.99-1.01) (or just parenteral) (HR 1.0; 0.99-1.01) antibiotic use. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with post-operative spine infections, remission is achieved in 80%. The number of surgical debridement or duration of antibiotic therapy shows no association with recurrence, suggesting that individual risk factors might be more important than the duration of antibiotic administration.