NADH intraperitoneal injection prevents massive pancreatic beta cell destruction in a streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats.

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by persistent hyperglycemia, revealing a decrease in insulin efficiency. The sustained glucotoxic pancreatic microenvironment increases reactive oxygen species generation, resulting in chronic oxidative stress responsible for massive DNA damage. This triggers PARP-1 activation with both NAD+ and ATP depletion, affecting drastically pancreatic beta cells' energy storage and leading to their dysfunction and death. The aim of the present study is to highlight the main histological changes observed in pancreatic islets pre-treated with a unique NADH intraperitoneal injection in a streptozotocin-(STZ)-induced diabetes model. In order to adjust NADH doses, a preliminary study with three different doses, 500 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg, and 150 mg/kg, respectively, was conducted. Subsequently, and on the basis of the results of the aforementioned study, Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: non-diabetic control group, diabetics (STZ 45 mg/kg), NADH-treated group (150 mg/kg) 15 min before STZ administration, and NADH-treated group (150 mg/kg) 15 min after STZ administration. The effect of NADH was assessed by blood glucose level, TUNEL staining, histo-morphological analysis, and immunohistochemistry. The optimum protective dose of NADH was 150 mg/kg. NADH effectively decreased hyperglycemia and reduced diabetes induced by STZ. Histologically, NADH pre-treatment revealed a decrease in beta cell death favoring apoptosis over necrosis and therefore preventing inflammation with further beta cell destruction. Our data clearly demonstrate that NADH prior or post-treatment could effectively prevent the deleterious loss of beta cell mass in STZ-induced diabetes in rats and preserve the normal pancreatic islet's function.

NADH Intraperitoneal Injection Prevents Lung Inflammation in a BALB/C Mice Model of Cigarette Smoke-Induced Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

Cigarette smoke is one of the main factors in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), a respiratory syndrome marked by persistent respiratory symptoms and increasing airway obstruction. Perturbed NAD+/NADH levels may play a role in various diseases, including lung disorders like COPD. In our study, we investigated the preventive effect of NADH supplementation in an experimental model of COPD induced by cigarette smoke extract (CSE). N = 64 mice randomly distributed in eight groups were injected with NADH (two doses of 100 mg/kg or 200 mg/kg) or dexamethasone (2 mg/kg) before being exposed to CSE for up to 9 weeks. Additionally, NADH supplementation preserved lung antioxidant defenses by preventing the functional loss of key enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), catalase, and the expression levels of glutathione (GSH) (n = 4, p < 0.001). It also reduced oxidative damage markers, such as malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitrites (n = 4, p < 0.001). A marked increase in tissue myeloperoxidase activity was assessed (MPO), confirming neutrophils implication in the inflammatory process. The latter was significantly ameliorated in the NADH-treated groups (p < 0.001). Finally, NADH prevented the CSE-induced secretion of cytokines such as Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF-α), IL-17, and IFN-y (n = 4, p < 0.001). Our study shows, for the first time, the clinical potential of NADH supplementation in preventing key features of COPD via its unique anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.

NADH supplementation decreases pinacidil-primed I K ATP in ventricular cardiomyocytes by increasing intracellular ATP.

1 The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (NADH) supplementation on the metabolic condition of isolated guinea-pig ventricular cardiomyocytes. The pinacidil-primed ATP-dependent potassium current I(K(ATP)) was used as an indicator of subsarcolemmal ATP concentration and intracellular adenine nucleotide contents were measured. 2 Membrane currents were studied using the patch-clamp technique in the whole-cell recording mode at 36-37 degrees C. Adenine nucleotides were determined by HPLC. 3 Under physiological conditions (4.3 mM ATP in the pipette solution, ATP(i)) I(K(ATP)) did not contribute to basal electrical activity. 4 The ATP-dependent potassium (K((ATP))) channel opener pinacidil activated I(K(ATP)) dependent on [ATP](i) showing a significantly more pronounced activation at lower (1 mM) [ATP](i). 5 Supplementation of cardiomyocytes with 300 micro g ml(-1) NADH (4-6 h) resulted in a significantly reduced I(K(ATP)) activation by pinacidil compared to control cells. The current density was 13.8+/-3.78 (n=6) versus 28.9+/-3.38 pA pF(-1) (n=19; P<0.05). 6 Equimolar amounts of the related compounds nicotinamide and NAD(+) did not achieve a similar effect like NADH. 7 Measurement of adenine nucleotides by HPLC revealed a significant increase in intracellular ATP (NADH supplementation: 45.6+/-1.88 nmol mg(-1) protein versus control: 35.4+/-2.57 nmol mg(-1) protein, P<0.000005). 8 These data show that supplementation of guinea-pig ventricular cardiomyocytes with NADH results in a decreased activation of I(K(ATP)) by pinacidil compared to control myocytes, indicating a higher subsarcolemmal ATP concentration. 9 Analysis of intracellular adenine nucleotides by HPLC confirmed the significant increase in ATP.