RESUMO
The aim of this study was to explore the possible role of tryptamine in the pathogenesis of chronic cluster headache along with that of adrenaline and noradrenaline (α-agonists) together with arginine metabolism in the origin of cluster bouts. Plasma levels of tyramine, tryptamine, serotonin, 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid, noradrenalin, adrenalin and the markers of arginine metabolism such as arginine, homoarginine, citrulline, ADMA and NMMA, were measured in 23 chronic cluster headache patients (10 chronic cluster ab initio and 13 transformed from episodic cluster) and 28 control subjects. The plasma levels of tyramine, tryptamine, noradrenalin and adrenalin were found several times higher in chronic cluster headache patients compared to controls, whereas the plasma levels of arginine, homoarginine and citrulline were significantly lower. No differences were found in the plasma levels of serotonin, 5-hydroxyindolacetic, ADMA and NMMA between chronic cluster headache patients and control subjects. These results provide support for a role of tryptamine in the pathogenesis of chronic cluster headache and, in particular, in the duration of the cluster bouts. In addition, the low levels of the nitric oxide substrates together with the high levels of noradrenalin and adrenalin suggest an activation of endothelial TAAR1 receptors followed by the release of nitric oxide in the circulation that may constitute the final step of the physiopathology of cluster crisis.
Assuntos
Agonistas de Receptores Adrenérgicos alfa 1/sangue , Arginina/sangue , Cefaleia Histamínica/sangue , Cefaleia Histamínica/diagnóstico , Triptaminas/sangue , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Biomarcadores/sangue , Doença Crônica , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G/agonistas , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G/metabolismoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Oxidative stress may be the cause or effect of several pathogenetic processes such as neurodegenerative diseases. The aim of this paper was to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy in Parkinson's disease (PKD) of a panel of oxidative stress markers selected from the many proposed by the most recent literature. METHODS: 23 molecules including both plasma and urinary oxidative markers such total radical oxygen species, homocysteine, biological antioxidant potential, glutathione, superoxide dismutase, uric acid, total bilirubin, iron, ferritin, coenzyme Q10, 3-nitrotyrosine, total lipoperoxides, 4-hydroxy-nonenal, and 8-hydroxy-deoxy-guanosine were determined both in PKD and aged control subjects. For each analyte and group, the respective reference intervals were determined. Statistical analysis was used to assess the existence of significant differences between intervals in order to indicate which markers can better characterize PKD and distinguish it from the control population. RESULTS: Some parameters were different in both groups when compared to those observed in younger subjects, supporting the hypothesis that aging is associated with an increase of oxidative stress. A peculiar increase of oxidative damage on nucleic acids was found in PKD, as well as a less efficient turnover of the DNA and an increase of protein peroxidation. CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrate that in PKD there is an increase of oxidative attack on nucleic acids and that the protein nitration is a characteristic phenomenon. These observations are in good agreement with the hypothesis that in PKD oxidative damage occurs that counter-regulatory systems attempt to balance, but inefficiently.
Assuntos
Dano ao DNA , Peroxidação de Lipídeos , Estresse Oxidativo , Doença de Parkinson/diagnóstico , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Biomarcadores/sangue , Biomarcadores/urina , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Oxirredução , Doença de Parkinson/sangue , Doença de Parkinson/genética , Doença de Parkinson/urina , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Reprodutibilidade dos TestesRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Oxidative stress may be directly or indirectly involved in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). 8-hydroxy-2'deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) is the major product of DNA oxidative damage but its determination in plasma or urine may have controversial significance. The concentration of 8-OHdG not only depends on its oxidation rate but also on the efficacy of the DNA repairing systems. METHODS: We studied the ratio between 8-OHdG and 2-dG (the corresponding not hydroxylated base 2'-deoxyguanosine) in plasma and urine as a marker of oxydative stress in PD. This enabled the determination of the real DNA damage in terms of oxidation rate regardless of the efficacy of the DNA repairing mechanisms. RESULTS: We optimized two different analytical methods: one for 8-OHdG and the other for 2-dG, both based on a common preliminary solid-phase extraction step (SPE) followed by two different HPLC analytical separations with electrochemical detection (HPLC-ED). The reliability of these methods was confirmed by analysing plasma and urine samples collected in parkinsonian patients and in age-matched healthy control subjects. CONCLUSIONS: In urine samples, the measurement of 8-OHdG alone as well as the ratio 8-OHdG/2-dG were significantly different in healthy controls and PD patients. In plasma samples, only the ratio 8-OHdG/2-dG was significantly higher in PD compared to healthy controls showing that the ratio 8-OHdG/2-dG is a reliable diagnostic tool in studies on DNA oxydative damage.
Assuntos
Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão/métodos , Desoxiglucose/análise , Desoxiguanosina/análogos & derivados , Doença de Parkinson/metabolismo , 8-Hidroxi-2'-Desoxiguanosina , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Antiparkinsonianos/uso terapêutico , Biomarcadores , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Dano ao DNA , Reparo do DNA , Desoxiglucose/sangue , Desoxiglucose/urina , Desoxiguanosina/análise , Desoxiguanosina/sangue , Desoxiguanosina/urina , Técnicas Eletroquímicas , Feminino , Humanos , Levodopa/uso terapêutico , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estresse Oxidativo , Doença de Parkinson/sangue , Doença de Parkinson/tratamento farmacológico , Doença de Parkinson/urinaRESUMO
Pain in head and neck cancer represents a major issue, before, during and after the oncological treatments. The most frequent cause of pain is chemo/radiation related oral mucositis, which involves 80% of the patients and worsens their quality of life inhibiting speaking, eating, drinking or swallowing and sometimes reducing the treatment compliance, the maximum dose intensity and thus the potential efficacy of treatment. Nevertheless pain is still often under estimated and undertreated. An Italian multidisciplinary group of head and neck cancer specialists met with the aim of reaching a consensus on pain management in this setting. The Delphi Appropriateness method was used for the consensus. External expert reviewers evaluated the final statements. The paper contains 30 consensus-reached statements about pain management in HNC patients and offers a review of recent literature in these topics.
Assuntos
Quimiorradioterapia/efeitos adversos , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/complicações , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/terapia , Manejo da Dor , Dor/etiologia , Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/epidemiologia , Humanos , Itália/epidemiologia , Dor/epidemiologia , Manejo da Dor/métodos , Manejo da Dor/normas , Qualidade de Vida , Estomatite/epidemiologia , Estomatite/etiologia , Estomatite/terapiaRESUMO
To evaluate the impact of hyperthyroidism on the counterregulatory response to hypoglycemia, eight hyperthyroid and eight sex-, age-, and body mass index-matched healthy women were given an iv insulin bolus (0.1 U/kg BW), and blood was drawn from 0-120 min for glucose, epinephrine, norepinephrine, glucagon, GH, ACTH, and cortisol measurements. In the basal state plasma glucose, GH, and cortisol levels were similar in the two groups, whereas plasma glucagon and ACTH were increased (135 +/- 17 vs. 80 +/- 10 ng/L and 6.4 +/- 1.5 vs. 2.6 +/- 0.4 pmol/L, respectively; both P < 0.025), and plasma catecholamines were reduced [epinephrine, 142 +/- 25 vs. 371 +/- 71 pmol/L (P < 0.025); norepinephrine, 0.41 +/- 0.07 vs. 1.41 +/- 0.12 nmol/L (P < 0.001)] in hyperthyroid patients. After insulin injection, plasma glucose similarly declined in the two groups (nadir, 1.5 +/- 0.2 vs. 1.6 +/- 0.2 mmol/L). Conversely, recovery from hypoglycemia was significantly faster in the hyperthyroid patients. In this respect, it is noteworthy that the plasma glucagon response had remarkably increased in the latter (peak, 444 +/- 56 vs. 198 +/- 17 ng/L; P < 0.005). On the other hand, the epinephrine responses were similar in the two groups, whereas norepinephrine levels remained consistently lower (peak, 0.97 +/- 0.20 vs. 2.61 +/- 0.24 nmol/L; P < 0.001), and the GH increase was severely impaired (peak, 10.6 +/- 1.9 vs. 29.6 +/- 6.2 micrograms/L; P < 0.01) in hyperthyroid patients. Plasma ACTH remained slightly higher in hyperthyroid subjects, but there were no substantial differences in the cortisol response between the two groups. In conclusion, hyperthyroidism affects plasma levels of several counterregulatory hormones, either in the fasting state or after insulin-induced hypoglycemia, with increased efficiency of plasma glucose recovery from hypoglycemia.
Assuntos
Glucose/fisiologia , Hipertireoidismo/complicações , Hipoglicemia/complicações , Hipoglicemia/fisiopatologia , Doença Aguda , Adulto , Glicemia/análise , Feminino , Hormônios/sangue , Humanos , Hipertireoidismo/sangue , Hipoglicemia/induzido quimicamente , Insulina/farmacologia , Valores de ReferênciaRESUMO
PURPOSE: Hyperthermia is now being widely used to treat clinical malignancies especially combined with radiotherapy and more rarely with chemotherapy. The combination of heat, radiation, and chemotherapy (trimodality) can lead to potent interaction. The present Phase I-II study was conducted to evaluate the feasibility and acute toxicity of a combination of cisplatin, hyperthermia, and irradiation in the treatment of superficial cervical nodal metastases from head and neck cancer. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Eighteen patients with measurable neck metastases from previously untreated squamous cell head and neck tumors were entered into the trial. Therapy consisted of a conventional irradiation (total dose 70 Gy, 2 Gy five times a week) combined with a weekly administration of 20 mg/m2 iv of cisplatin and a total of two sessions of local external microwave hyperthermia (desired temperature of 42.5 degrees C for 30 min). RESULTS: Feasibility of the treatment was demonstrated. Acute local toxicity was mild; no thermal blisters or ulcerations were reported and only two patients experienced local pain during hyperthermia. Cutaneous toxicity appeared greater than in our previous studies with irradiation plus hyperthermia and irradiation plus cisplatin. Systemic toxicity was moderate with major toxic effects observed in three patients (World Health Organization (WHO) grade 3 anaemia). Even though it was not an aim of the study to evaluate the nodal response, we observed a complete response rate of 72.2% (95% confidence interval 51-93.4%), 16.6% of partial response and 11.1% of no change. CONCLUSION: The study confirms the feasibility of the combination of cisplatin, heat, and radiation with an acceptable toxicity profile. The trimodal therapy deserves further evaluation as a way to enhance the efficacy of irradiation in the treatment of nodal metastases from head and neck tumors.
Assuntos
Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/terapia , Cisplatino/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/terapia , Hipertermia Induzida , Adulto , Idoso , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/radioterapia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/secundário , Terapia Combinada/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/patologia , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/radioterapia , Humanos , Metástase Linfática , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
Twenty-seven patients with cervical metastases from squamous cell head and neck tumours were treated with hyperfractionated XRT (total dose 69.60-76.80 Gy, 1.2 Gy b.i.d. five times a week) combined with a total of two to six sessions of superficial external HT. Acute local toxicity was mild; as major acute side effects, only one ulceration was recorded. No severe late side effects were observed. Late toxicity was similar to that observed in our previous studies with the combination of heat and radiation. Nodal complete response was observed in 77% of patients, partial response was observed in 15% of patients and no change was observed in 8% of patients. Five-year actuarial nodal control was 64.5 +/- 19% and 5-year actuarial survival was 24 +/- 10%. The treatment of nodal metastases from head and neck tumours with the combination of HT and hyperfractionated XRT is feasible with an acceptable acute and late toxicity profile.
Assuntos
Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/terapia , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/terapia , Hipertermia Induzida , Radioterapia de Alta Energia , Adulto , Idoso , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/mortalidade , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patologia , Terapia Combinada , Fracionamento da Dose de Radiação , Estudos de Viabilidade , Feminino , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/mortalidade , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/patologia , Humanos , Metástase Linfática/patologia , Metástase Linfática/radioterapia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia , Projetos Piloto , Doses de Radiação , Taxa de Sobrevida , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
1. The present study provides an analysis of the interpretation and usefulness of mass biochemical urine screening tests currently applied to a population of severely ill children consisting of 232 unselected individuals, under various medications, held in intensive care units. 2. Testing for glycosaminoglycans by the cetyltrimethylammonium bromide reaction is of little benefit to this population. The Ehrlich reaction, used to detect porphobilinogen, should be reserved for cases which present clinical symptoms. Owing to the large number of false-positives and because chromatography or electrophoresis can easily be used to detect tyrosine, it is suggested that the nitrosonaphthol test be abandoned. The cyanide nitroprusside reaction should be used when chromatography or electrophoresis suggests cystinuria, homocystinuria or beta-mercapto lactate disulfiduria. 3. Because of its high sensitivity in detecting reducing substances, the Clinitest is useful for selecting samples to be investigated further by sugar chromatography. 4. Given the relatively high frequency of organic acidurias, particularly methylmalonic aciduria, in intensive care unit populations, it is suggested that the p-nitroaniline reaction be incorporated into the battery of chemical urine tests. 5. A comparison between paper chromatography and high voltage paper electrophoresis in terms of effective analysis of amino acid patterns demonstrated that chromatography is preferential, since this is as sensitive as electrophoresis, does not require a special apparatus and permits the simultaneous use of plasma and urine from the same patient, thus facilitating the interpretation of amino acid patterns.
Assuntos
Erros Inatos do Metabolismo dos Aminoácidos/urina , Aminoácidos/urina , Programas de Rastreamento , Erros Inatos do Metabolismo dos Aminoácidos/sangue , Aminoácidos/sangue , Cromatografia em Papel , Cromatografia em Camada Fina , Eletroforese em Papel , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Recém-Nascido Prematuro , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva , MasculinoRESUMO
Apomorphine is a powerful agonist of dopaminergic receptors which several years ago was introduced into the therapy of Parkinson's Disease. The pharmacological activity of apomorphine already appears significant at low doses. Unfortunately, the difficulty in determining the drug in plasma at low concentrations hampers the completion of accurate pharmacokinetic studies in humans. Considering the analogy of apomorphine with the molecular structure of catecholamines, the extraction of the drug from plasma was optimized by using adsorption on alumina, a technique widely used for noradrenaline and adrenaline analysis in clinical chemistry laboratories. This method proved particularly efficient and selective in apomorphine extraction from plasma prior to high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis. After pretreatment of 200 microliters of plasma sample with 40 mg of alumina and 10 microliters of tris buffer (pH 8.6), the drug was eluted with 200 microliters of an acidic-organic solution. One volume of the supernatant was mixed with two volumes of phosphate buffer (pH 3.6), and 100 microliters of the obtained mixture were injected into the HPLC system. The chromatograph was equipped with a C18 reversed-phase column and with an electrochemical coulometric detector fitted with a high-sensitivity cell (first electrode 0.00 volts, second electrode +0.35 volts). Sensitivity (20 pg of injected drug), precision (CV within assay and between assays of 3.7% and 5.6%, respectively) and accuracy were comparable to more complex analytical procedures. The miniaturisation of the entire sample pretreatment proved very advantageous for pharmacokinetics studies and, in principle, for therapeutic drug monitoring and toxicological investigations.
Assuntos
Óxido de Alumínio , Apomorfina/sangue , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão/métodos , Agonistas de Dopamina/sangue , Eletroquímica/métodos , Adsorção , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão/normas , Monitoramento de Medicamentos/métodos , Eletroquímica/normas , Humanos , Miniaturização , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Sensibilidade e EspecificidadeRESUMO
From September 1980 to August 1981, 25 patients with advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma were treated at the Centro Oncologico, Trento, by a chemo-radiotherapeutic combination. The treatment protocol consisted of 4-6 courses of VBM (vincristine, bleomycin and methotrexate) followed by conventional radiotherapy (65 Gy). Only to VBM responders (15 patients) were administered 10 cycles of vincristine-methotrexate. At the end of induction chemotherapy an overall response of 60% (12% complete, 48% partial) was obtained. At the end of radiotherapy the responses were 52.5% complete and 35.5% partial, for an overall response of 88%. The overall survival at 60 months was 8%. This combined approach, in spite of the satisfactory immediate local response rate, does not offer advantages for survival in comparison to conventional treatment modalities.
Assuntos
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/tratamento farmacológico , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/radioterapia , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/tratamento farmacológico , Adulto , Idoso , Bleomicina/uso terapêutico , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patologia , Radioisótopos de Cobalto/uso terapêutico , Terapia Combinada , Feminino , Seguimentos , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/patologia , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/radioterapia , Humanos , Neoplasias Hipofaríngeas/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Hipofaríngeas/patologia , Neoplasias Hipofaríngeas/radioterapia , Masculino , Metotrexato/administração & dosagem , Metotrexato/uso terapêutico , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias Bucais/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Bucais/patologia , Neoplasias Bucais/radioterapia , Neoplasias Orofaríngeas/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Orofaríngeas/patologia , Neoplasias Orofaríngeas/radioterapia , Estudos Prospectivos , Radioterapia de Alta Energia , Fatores de Tempo , Vincristina/administração & dosagem , Vincristina/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
AIMS AND BACKGROUND: Pure testicular seminoma has historically been treated with post-orchidectomy radiation therapy with excellent results. Recently, several aspects of the treatment of stage I seminoma have been questioned. We assessed long-term results and toxicity of patients with pure testicular seminoma treated at the Department of Radiation Oncology of S. Chiara Hospital, Trento, METHODS: From 1953 to 1987, 102 patients with stage I pure testicular seminoma were given megavoltage irradiation with curative intent. All patients had a minimum follow-up of 3 years (maximum 37 years, median 13 years). They received a mean para-aortic/pelvic dose of 33.07 Gy (range 23.70-45.20 Gy) with different doses and fields reflecting the change in techniques over a long period of time. RESULTS: The cause-specific actuarial survival at 30 years was 99% and crude survival 67%. One patient had an out-field relapse (inguinal) after a few months and was cured with radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Another patient relapsed with widespread metastases and died after 1 year of progressive disease. Early toxycity was mild and the treatment was well tolerated. Late side effects were reported in 8/102 patients. CONCLUSIONS: In our series adjuvant radiation therapy resulted in cure rates corresponding to those reported in the literature. The 30-year actuarial survival of 99% was extremely good and the toxicity of the treatment was mild. Post-orchidectomy radiation to the para-aortic and ipsilateral pelvic nodes is a safe and effective method of preventing recurrences and is currently to be considered the treatment of choice in stage I testicular seminoma.
Assuntos
Seminoma/radioterapia , Neoplasias Testiculares/radioterapia , Adulto , Idoso , Terapia Combinada , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Orquiectomia , Radioterapia/efeitos adversos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Seminoma/patologia , Seminoma/terapia , Análise de Sobrevida , Neoplasias Testiculares/patologia , Neoplasias Testiculares/terapia , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Choroidal metastasis from primaries other than breast or lung cancer is a rare event. There is no documented case in the literature of choroidal metastases in patients with hypopharynx carcinoma. Early treatment with radiation therapy provides effective palliation by preserving visual function and preventing the need for enucleation. Chemotherapy alone does not seem to be as effective as radiation therapy for patients with choroidal metastases. In this paper a case of choroidal metastasis arising from a primary hypopharynx carcinoma is presented.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Coroide/radioterapia , Neoplasias da Coroide/secundário , Neoplasias Hipofaríngeas/patologia , Idoso , Neoplasias da Coroide/patologia , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: In the present paper compositional changes of rat liver from birth to adult age were investigated by proton and carbon nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. METHODS: The water-soluble and organic (lipid) fraction of pooled liver tissue from rats aged 1,7, 21 days, and 5 months were extracted according to Folch's method and analysed by proton and carbon nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 500 MHz. Phospholipids separated by chromatography from the organic fraction were also analysed. RESULTS: In proton spectra of the water-soluble fraction several metabolites were identified. Developmental changes in the ratio between betaine and choline and between 3-hydroxybutyrate and several other organic acids were shown. In proton spectra of the total organic fraction, signals from fatty acids chain, phophocholine and glycerol were assigned unambiguously. Phospholipids fatty acid acyl chain length, mean unsaturation and mean polyunsaturation increased from birth to weaning. The relative amounts of unsaturated fatty acids did not show obvious changes during the investigated period. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that NMR spectroscopy is a useful tool to investigate postnatal developmental changes in the liver chemical constituents with a minimum of preparative procedures.
RESUMO
An account of the clinical, histopathological and aetiopathogenetic aspects of Burkitt's lymphoma is followed by the presentation of a personal case, in which the typical clinical picture of the African form progressed to terminal leukaemia. The aetiological and pathogenetic rôle of the Epstein-Barr virus is also briefly discussed.
Assuntos
Linfoma de Burkitt/complicações , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/complicações , Leucemia/etiologia , Linfoma de Burkitt/etiologia , Linfoma de Burkitt/imunologia , Pré-Escolar , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
From 1986 to 1994, 61 patients with oral tongue epidermoid carcinoma were treated using low dose rate iridium brachytherapy. Eleven patients treated with combined external beam and brachytherapy and 8 with nodal metastases at presentation were excluded from the study. The results in 42 fully evaluable and regularly followed patients here retrospectively reviewed. In 22 cases clinical stage was T1 greater than 1 cm and in the remaining 20 T2, N0 M0; all were cases of epidermoid carcinoma. The patients received definitive brachytherapy to the primary site using plastic tube technique at a dose of 5067 Gy (median 60 Gy) at reference isodose. The dose rate ranged from 35 cGy/h to 80 cGy/h (median 53 cGy/h). Elective neck dissection was performed in 24 patients, whereas a surveillance protocol was adopted in the remaining 18 cases. After an average follow-up of 40 months, 5 year absolute and disease specific survival (Kaplan Meier) was 61% and 88% respectively. Two patients failed at the primary site (local control probability 96%). Nodal metastases were found in 6 of 24 electively dissected patients and developed subsequently in 3 of 18 pN0 cases and in 4 of 18 non dissected patients. Four patients died of uncontrolled neck disease (regional control probability 76%). A severe necrosis developed in 9 patients (soft tissue in 4 and bone in 5 patients), but only 3 cases required surgery. This study confirms brachytherapy as an effective treatment modality for the early stage of oral tongue carcinoma.
Assuntos
Braquiterapia/métodos , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/terapia , Neoplasias da Língua/terapia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Incidência , Radioisótopos de Irídio , Itália/epidemiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Doses de Radiação , Estudos Retrospectivos , Taxa de Sobrevida , Neoplasias da Língua/mortalidadeAssuntos
Institutos de Câncer , Hospitais Especializados , Neoplasias Nasais/radioterapia , Neoplasias dos Seios Paranasais/radioterapia , Adulto , Idoso , Terapia Combinada , Feminino , Humanos , Itália , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Neoplasias Nasais/mortalidade , Neoplasias Nasais/patologia , Neoplasias dos Seios Paranasais/mortalidade , Neoplasias dos Seios Paranasais/patologiaRESUMO
The analysis of clobazam by high-performance liquid chromatography and UV detection is described herein. After adding an internal standard, 600 microl of plasma were extracted under basic conditions onto disposable cartridges packed with celite. The organic extract was then evaporated to dryness and the residue reconstituted in 200 microl of mobile phase. A 20 microl aliquot was injected into chromatograph. The HPLC system was equipped with an Ultrasphere C8 analytical column coupled with an UV detector set at 235 nm. The mobile phase was an acetate buffer 20 mM, pH 5.5, containing acetonitrile and triethylamine 70:30:0.01 (v/v); the flow-rate was 1.8 ml/min. Using this method, clobazam can be detected with a sensitivity limit of 6 ng/ml and the RSD% intra- and inter-assay were lower than 5%. For its ruggedness and reliability, the proposed method is particularly suitable for therapeutic drug monitoring in epilepsy.
Assuntos
Ansiolíticos/sangue , Anticonvulsivantes/sangue , Benzodiazepinas , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão/métodos , Clobazam , Monitoramento de Medicamentos/métodos , Humanos , Espectrofotometria UltravioletaRESUMO
The developmental patterns of the rat brain at several postnatal time points were investigated in Folch (chloroform-methanol) extracts. The chloroform- (lipid-containing) and water-soluble (cytosolic) fractions of whole-tissue extracts and the phospholipid fraction separated from the organic fraction by chromatography were analysed by means of high-resolution (1)H and (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Analysis of the cytosolic fraction showed the changing patterns of several brain metabolites during postnatal maturation, in full agreement with data obtained from perchloric acid extracts. (1)H NMR spectroscopy of the phospholipid fraction allowed for quantitative evaluation of fatty acid acyl chain length, mean unsaturation and mean polyunsaturation. It was found that both mean unsaturation and polyunsaturation are lower in adult brain phospholipids than during the first 3 postnatal weeks. (13)C NMR spectroscopy of the same fraction showed that the molar percentage of C(18) fatty acids (oleic, linoleic, linolenic) in brain phospholipids is similar at all the investigated time points. These results indicate that the combination of Folch extraction with simple chromatographic procedures and NMR analysis yields useful data to define the chemical maturation of the brain.
Assuntos
Química Encefálica , Encéfalo/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Fosfolipídeos/análise , Animais , Isótopos de Carbono , Ácidos Graxos/análise , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Percloratos , Prótons , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-DawleyRESUMO
The aim of this trial was to evaluate the effects of the COMT inhibitor entacapone on both the pharmacokinetic profile and clinical efficacy of controlled release levodopa in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. Twelve PD patients experiencing "end-of-dose" type motor fluctuations were evaluated in this single-blind, randomized cross-over study. A single dose of either entacapone (200 mg) or placebo was co-administered with controlled release levodopa. Blood samples were taken every 30 minutes for 3 hours, and in 6 patients, sampling was continued for a further 3 hours. The clinical response to treatment was evaluated using the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale motor score. Addition of entacapone to levodopa treatment prolonged the "on" phase of the PD patients by 37% (p<0.05). This increased duration of 'on' time was concomitant with a significant increase in levodopa bioavailability (AUC). These data confirm the ability of entacapone to enhance the clinical efficacy of controlled release levodopa formulations, and provide further evidence that entacapone is of value in extending the benefits of levodopa in PD patients experiencing motor fluctuations.
Assuntos
Carbidopa/farmacocinética , Catecóis/farmacocinética , Levodopa/farmacocinética , Doença de Parkinson/sangue , Idoso , Área Sob a Curva , Carbidopa/uso terapêutico , Catecóis/uso terapêutico , Estudos Cross-Over , Preparações de Ação Retardada/farmacocinética , Preparações de Ação Retardada/uso terapêutico , Feminino , Humanos , Levodopa/uso terapêutico , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Nitrilas , Doença de Parkinson/tratamento farmacológico , Método Simples-CegoRESUMO
The vomeronasal organ of frog and mouse was investigated for the presence and content of serotonin and catecholamines by means of high-performance liquid chromatography. Measurable amounts of serotonin, adrenaline and noradrenaline were found in the vomeronasal organ of adult individuals of both species. The amine content varied with sex of adult frogs and mice and sexual maturity of mice. In preliminary experiments, acute exposure to male urine containing pheromone affected the amine content in the vomeronasal organ of adult female mice. These data suggest that functional sex dimorphism is present in the vomeronasal organ, and biochemical changes therein take place according to stage of sexual maturity. The role of biogenic amines in the vomeronasal organ deserves further study.