Assessment of Modulating Effect of the Experimental Drug Astrabionorm on Synthesis of Proinflammatory Cytokine IL-1ß and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokine IL-10 in the Splenic Red Pulp Cells in a Mouse Model of Sepsis.

An indirect immunohistochemical method was used to study the production of proinflammatory (IL-1ß) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines in the spleen cells of mature male C57BL/6 mice with an experimental model of sepsis and during treatment with a drug based on formic acid aldehyde (Astrabionorm). Clinical isolates of two strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were used. In the red pulp of the spleen, interleukin-positive cells represented by mononuclear forms were identified, as well as differences in the intensity of immunohistochemical staining of these cells for the studied interleukins in the two models used. A modulating role of the drug in the production of interleukins by the splenic red pulp cells during sepsis is assumed.

Revisiting the Problem of Finding Effective Sepsis Treatment Solutions.

We studied the effect of a preparation containing ultralow doses of formic aldehyde on the course of experimental sepsis caused by intraperitoneal injection of two different strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1623 and 5266) to C57BL/6 male mice. Microscopy and quantitative bacteriological tests in the dynamics of the infectious process demonstrated a positive effect of the drug: 100% survival of animals, preserved histological structure of the studied organs (lungs, liver, kidneys, spleen, and adrenal glands), a sharp decrease in the level of contamination of the blood and organ homogenates during the first hours after infection, and complete absence of bacteria in inoculates on day 7 after infection. These findings suggest the effectiveness of ultralow doses of formic acid aldehyde in the composition of the medicinal product in the treatment of experimental sepsis caused by P. aeruginosa strains 1623 and 5266 in mice.

Results of Structural and Bacteriological Analysis of the Mouse Adrenal Glands in a Sepsis Model.

The article presents the results of histological and bacteriological analysis of the adrenal glands in two models of sepsis caused by intraperitoneal administration of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains 1623 and 5266 to sexually mature male C57BL/6 mice. In both models, histological changes in the adrenal glands in the dynamics of sepsis consist in cell destruction and decrease in the absolute areas of the zona glomerulosa, columnar part of the zona fasciculata, and medulla, the development of venous congestion in the absence of pronounced signs of leukocytic infiltration. Most adrenocortical cells of the zona glomerulosa and chromaffin cells of the medulla show signs of destruction. The columnar part of the zona fasciculata loses normal architectonics, the cells undergo degeneration and apoptosis, a significant part of cells in the deep layers of the zona fasciculata remain intact, but do not show tinctorial and ultrastructural signs of steroidogenesis. The active growth of P. aeruginosa colonies from adrenal homogenates in both models already in the first hours after infection of animals makes it possible to associate the revealed structural changes in the adrenal glands with the direct negative effect of P. aeruginosa, and high levels of mRNA of proinflammatory cytokines in the adrenal tissues raise the question of the possible synthesis of these modulators of inflammation in the adrenal parenchyma of septic animals.

[Influence of platelets growth factors on spermatogenesis after electronic irradiation]. / Vliyanie faktorov rosta trombotsitov na spermatogenez posle oblucheniya elektronami.

BACKGROUND: The number of cases of male infertility is steadily growing every year, and therefore it is necessary to develop new methods for the diagnosis and treatment of this disease. It is known that plasma enriched with platelets, the α-granules of which contain growth factors, possesses high regenerative activity; therefore, we can expect positive results from its use for the restoration of spermatogenic epithelium. OBJECTIVE: Morphological assessment of spermatogenesis after local ß-irradiation with a dose of 8 Gy and the introduction of growth factors. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Wistar rats (n=135) were divided into groups: I - Control, II - 8IR, III - 8IR+LP-PRP+IGF, IV - 8IR+LP-PRP, and V - LP-PRP. Spermatogenesis in animals of groups II, III, and IV was inhibited by a single local irradiation with 8 Gy electrons. Then, for 11 weeks, LP-PRP was injected intraperitoneally to rats III and IV, and in group III - additionally IGF-1. The testes were examined by light microscopy, computer morphometry, micro-CT, and Western blotting. RESULTS: After irradiation, a decrease in spermatogenic epithelium and the number of germ cells was observed up to sub- and total germinal aplasia, fibrosis and an increase in the expression of caspase-3. Against the background of LP-PRP+IGF administration, the decrease in the proportion of germ cells (hypospermatogenesis) was less pronounced. CONCLUSION: The introduction of growth factors and other biologically active substances released from the α-granules of LP-PRP platelets leads to a delayed decrease in the quantitative and qualitative indicators of spermatogenesis, and the additional administration of IGF-1 enhances the regenerative processes that counteract the development of the effects of electron irradiation with a dose of 8 Gy.

Comparative Characteristics of the Spleen White Pulp in Experimental Models of Sepsis Caused by Different Strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

We describe reactive changes in the spleen white pulp in male C57BL/6 mice with experimental sepsis induced by intraperitoneal administration of Pseudomonas aeruginosa 1840 (Pa1840) with exotoxin U gene or Pseudomonas aeruginosa 1623 (Pa1623) with exotoxin S gene. Histological analysis and morphometry revealed hypoplasia of the spleen white pulp in mice with sepsis induced by Pa1840, while sepsis caused by Pa1623 was associated with its hyperplasia; with apoptosis of white pulp cells was observed in both cases. The results attest to ambiguous nature of the reactive changes in the white pulp of the spleen in experimental sepsis models initiated by Pa1840 and Pa1623 stains.

[A porous coral-like structure - a new insight into the morphology of the inner limiting membrane of the retina?] / Poristaya korallovidnaya struktura ­ novoe predstavlenie o morfologii vnutrennei pogranichnoi membrany setchatki?

To date, the internal limiting membrane (ILM), specifically, the side facing the retina, has never been studied by two parallel, mutually complementary methods. This is an attempt to explain favorable results of ILM peeling in various macular pathologies. AIM: By employing scanning (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), to identify morphological features of epiretinal samples removed during vitrectomy in patients with lamellar macular hole (LMH) or epiretinal membrane (ERM). MATERIAL AND METHODS: We studied 23 eyes of 23 patients divided into two groups. The first group (13 samples, 11 eyes) consisted of patients with LMH; the second (12 samples, 12 eyes) - with ERM. The surgeries yielded a total of 21 epiretinal samples peeled simultaneously with the ILM and 4 epiretinal samples (2 eyes) peeled in two parts, the second part containing the ILM. One half of the samples was studied by SEM without prior dehydratation, the other - by TEM. RESULTS: The study revealed a high degree of ultrastructural similarity between the two groups of ILM samples. Judging from SEM findings, two sides of the membrane were clearly identified. Porous coral-like structures (PCS) were discovered on the side facing the retina. TEM in the area of PCS discovered parallel arrangement of multiple Muller cell (MC) bodies and processes separated by wide layers of the intercellular matrix. The vitreal side of all ILM samples was notable for numerous fibroblast-like cells. Many variously shaped petrified structures were found on both sides of the membrane. CONCLUSION: During the so called ILM peeling, the surgeon removes a layered structure that includes the basal membrane of MC, cells and fibers attached to its vitreal side, and one more layer comprised by PCS and rather readily torn off from the main massif. The functional significance of this previously unknown structure as well as the effect of its partial removal during surgical manipulations with neurosensory retina in the macular region is yet to be investigated.

[Efficacy of polyprenyl phosphates in the experimental genital herpes model].

An experimental model of the primary genital herpes (herpes simplex type 2, HSV-2) in the female guinea pigs was suggested to study the infectious process activity of polyprenyl phosphates (PPP) and PPP+acyclovir (AC) complex treatment. The morphofunctional features of the guinea pig ovaries were studied in the control and experimental groups (the latter were inoculated with PPP and/or AC as a primary infection treatment) at the stage of the recurrent genital herpes aggravation. It was shown that in the case of combined PPP +AC use significant changes in the disease symptoms were observed, as well as a decrease in the infectious process activity and duration, and positive remote effect on the ovarian morphophysiology.

The morphology of the rat ovarian network during reproduction and aging.

We studied the morphology of the ovarian network in outbred albino rats of different age. Morphogenetic restructuring of the network during aging were detected. The role of the network in the glandular cystic transformation of the ovaries in aging was discussed.

Morphofunctional changes in guinea pig ovaries in experimental chronic herpesvirus infection.

The ovaries of adult guinea pigs infected with herpesvirus-2 were examined by light microscopy under conditions of latent infection and relapse of infectious process. Morphofunctional changes in the ovarian follicles at all stages of folliculogenesis and in ovarian stroma were caused by the negative effects of type 2 herpes simplex virus.