Magnetic Contribution to the Seebeck Effect.

The Seebeck effect is derived within the thermodynamics of irreversible processes when the generalized forces contain the magnetic term M ∇ B . This term appears in the formalism when the magnetic field is treated as a state variable. Two subsystems are considered, one representing atomic magnetic moments, and the other, mobile charges carrying a magnetic dipole moment. A magnetic contribution to the Seebeck coefficient is identified, proportional to the logarithmic derivative of the magnetization with respect to temperature. A brief review of experimental data on magneto-thermopower in magnetic metals illustrates this magnetic effect on thermally-driven charge transport.

Evidence for a magnetic Seebeck effect.

The irreversible thermodynamics of a continuous medium with magnetic dipoles predicts that a temperature gradient in the presence of magnetization waves induces a magnetic induction field, which is the magnetic analog of the Seebeck effect. This thermal gradient modulates the precession and relaxation. The magnetic Seebeck effect implies that magnetization waves propagating in the direction of the temperature gradient and the external magnetic induction field are less attenuated, while magnetization waves propagating in the opposite direction are more attenuated.