Pre-anaesthetic assessment and related outcome measures in adults undergoing elective surgery-Scoping review protocol.

BACKGROUND: Pre-anaesthesia assessment is crucial to ensure the quality and safety of anaesthesia and surgery. However, despite being very common and essential for many patients undergoing elective surgery, little is known about the different pre-anaesthesia assessment approaches. Hence, this article outlines a study protocol for a scoping review aiming to, systematically, map the literature on pre-anaesthetic assessment approaches and outcomes, synthesise existing evidence, and identify knowledge gaps for future research. METHODS: We will conduct a scoping review of all study designs following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. Moreover, the five steps set forth by Arksey and O'Malley and refined by Levac will guide the review process. Studies with adults (≥18 years) scheduled for elective surgery are included. Data regarding trial characteristics, patients, clinicians performing the pre-anaesthetic assessment, interventions and outcomes are included using a combination of Covidence and Excel. Quantitative data are summarised using descriptive statistics, and qualitative data are presented through a descriptive synthesis. CONCLUSION: The outlined scoping review will provide a synthesis of the literature, which can support the development of new evidence-based practices for safe perioperative management of adult patients undergoing elective surgery.

Complete polyp resection with cold snare versus hot snare polypectomy for polyps of 4-9 mm: a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Endoscopic screening with polypectomy reduces the incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC). Incomplete polyp removal may attenuate the effect of screening. This randomized trial compared cold snare polypectomy (CSP) with hot snare polypectomy (HSP) in terms of complete polyp resection. METHODS: We included patients ≥ 40 years of age at eight hospitals in four countries who had at least one non-pedunculated polyp of 4-9 mm detected at colonoscopy. Patients were randomized 1:1 to CSP or HSP. Biopsies from the resection margins were obtained systematically after polypectomy in both groups. We hypothesized that CSP would be non-inferior to HSP, with a non-inferiority margin of 5 %. Logistic regression models were fitted to identify the factors explaining incomplete resection. RESULTS: 425 patients, with 601 polyps, randomized to either CSP or HSP were included in the analysis. Of 318 polyps removed by CSP and 283 polyps removed by HSP, 34 (10.7 %) and 21 (7.4 %) were incompletely resected, respectively, with an adjusted risk difference of 3.2 % (95 %CI -1.4 % to 7.8 %). There was no difference between the groups in terms of post-polypectomy bleeding, perforation, or abdominal pain. Independent risk factors for incomplete removal were serrated histology (odds ratio [OR] 3.96; 95 %CI 1.63 to 9.66) and hyperplastic histology (OR 2.52; 95 %CI 1.30 to 4.86) in adjusted analyses. CONCLUSION: In this randomized trial, non-inferiority for CSP could not be demonstrated. Polyps with serrated histology are more prone to incomplete resection compared with adenomas. CSP can be used safely for small polyps in routine colonoscopy practice.

Intraoperative methadone for postoperative pain after laparoscopic hysterectomy: Protocol for a randomised, double-blind trial.

BACKGROUND: Hysterectomy is often carried out as same-day surgery. Treatment of postoperative pain is, therefore, of utmost importance to ensure timely discharge from hospital. Methadone has several desirable pharmacological features, including a long elimination half-life. Theoretically, a single intraoperative dose could provide long-lasting pain relief. METHODS: This is a single-centre, investigator-initiated, randomised, double-blind study. Two-hundred and fifty women, scheduled to undergo hysterectomy at Horsens Region Hospital, Denmark, are randomized to receive methadone (0.2 mg/kg) or morphine (0.2 mg/kg) intraoperatively, 60 minutes before extubation. Primary outcomes are opioid consumption at 6 and 24 hours. Secondary outcomes include pain intensity at rest and during coughing at 1, 3, 6, 24 and 48 hours; patient satisfaction at 3 and 24 hours, postoperative nausea and vomiting at 6, 24 and 72 hours, adverse events in the postanaesthesia care unit (PACU) and time until readiness for discharge. Another outcome is persistent abdominal pain after 4 months. CONCLUSIONS: The study outlined in this protocol will provide important information about the use of methadone in same-day hysterectomy patients. The results will presumably be applicable to other types of surgery involving visceral pain.

The Effect of Text Messaging on Medication Adherence After Outpatient Knee Arthroscopy: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this project was to examine if text message reminders can increase postoperative adherence to treatment with acetaminophen among outpatients undergoing arthroscopic knee surgery. DESIGN: A nonblinded randomized control trial. METHODS: In this study, 187 patients were randomized to either an intervention group (text message reminders) or a control group (no text message reminders). On the fourth postoperative day, all patients received an electronic questionnaire concerning (1) adherence to treatment with acetaminophen (main outcome), (2) pain intensity, and (3) unscheduled health care contacts. FINDINGS: Data were available from 134 patients (intervention group, n = 70; control group, n = 64). No significant differences between groups were found regarding the median number of missed acetaminophen doses (1 vs 2.5; P = .06), pain intensity at rest and during walking, or the number of unscheduled health care contacts (7 vs 4; P = .35). CONCLUSIONS: A nonsignificant trend toward an increased medication adherence of acetaminophen was found.

Chronic pain after surgery in children.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To present the recent literature on chronic postsurgical pain in children. RECENT FINDINGS: Chronic postsurgical pain is an important problem in children, however, with a lower prevalence than in adults. SUMMARY: The literature on the topic is sparse. Prospective studies, including clinical examination, quantitative sensory testing, and long-term follow-up, are needed to increase our knowledge about the prevalence, risk factors, and underlying mechanisms.

Clinical effectiveness and safety of intraoperative methadone in patients undergoing laparoscopic hysterectomy: a randomised, blinded clinical trial.

Background: Laparoscopic hysterectomy is often carried out as day-stay surgery. Minimising postoperative pain is therefore of utmost importance to ensure timely discharge from hospital. Methadone has several desirable pharmacological features, including a long elimination half-life. Therefore, a single intraoperative dose could provide long-lasting pain relief. Methods: Patients scheduled to undergo laparoscopic hysterectomy were randomly allocated to receive methadone (0.2 mg kg-1) or morphine (0.2 mg kg-1) intraoperatively, 60 min before tracheal extubation. Primary outcomes were opioid consumption (oral morphine equivalents in milligrams) at 6 and 24 h. Secondary outcomes included pain intensity at rest and during coughing, patient satisfaction, postoperative nausea and vomiting, and adverse events up to 72 h after completion of surgery. Results: The postoperative median opioid consumption was reduced in the methadone group compared with the morphine group at 6 h (35.5 [0-61] mg vs 48 [31-74.5] mg; P=0.01) and 24 h (42 [10-67] mg vs 54.5 [31-83] mg; P=0.03). On arrival at the PACU, pain at rest was significantly lower in patients receiving methadone (numeric rating scale: 3 [2-5] vs 5 [3-6]), whereas pain scores at rest and coughing were not significantly different throughout the rest of the observation period. No differences in other secondary outcomes were found. Conclusions: In this randomised, blinded, controlled trial, opioid consumption was reduced during the first 24 postoperative hours in patients receiving methadone without causing an increase in adverse events. The difference observed might be considered as small and of limited clinical relevance. Clinical trial registration: NCT03908060; EudraCT no. 2018-004351-20.

[Intraoperative methadone for post-operative pain].

Methadone is an opioid with several desirable pharmacological features, including a long elimination half-life. Several studies have suggested that a single intraoperative dose reduces post-operative pain and opioid consumption. In this review, we summarise the current knowledge of intraoperative methadone for the treatment of post-operative pain and propose recommendations for clinical use and future research.

The Danish version of the Western Ontario Rotator Cuff Index.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to cross-culturally adapt the Western Ontario Rotator Cuff Index (WORC) into a Danish version (D-WORC) and evaluate its validity, reliability and responsiveness in patients undergoing surgery for arthroscopic subacromial decompression or rotator cuff repair. METHODS: The original WORC version was cross-culturally adapted into Danish and, the validity, test-retest reliability, responsiveness construct validity, internal consistency, interclass correlation coefficient (ICC), limits of agreement (LOA) and an anchor minimal important change (MIC) were assessed using the Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH), the Oxford Shoulder Score (OSS), the Short Form-36 and the global rating scale. RESULTS: The cross-cultural adaption was successful. The correlation was high between the D-WORC and DASH (Pearson's correlation coefficient (PCC) = 0.71; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.60-0.79) and moderate between the D-WORC and the OSS (PCC = 0.67; 95% CI: 0.55-0.76). Reliability analysis showed an ICC of 0.80 (95% CI: 0.69-0.87) and an internal consistency of 0.94 (95% CI: 0.92-0.95). The test-retest mean difference was 76.4 (± standard deviation = 201.40). LOA ranged from -318.3 (95% CI: -387.8--248.9) to 471.2 (95% CI: 401.7-540.6) for the total WORC score. The MIC was -211 in the total score. CONCLUSIONS: The D-WORC is a valid, reliable and responsive questionnaire that can be used in Danish populations. FUNDING: Lone Dragnes Brix: Familien Hede Nielsens Fond, Gurli og Hans Engell Friis' Fond, Aase og Ejnar Danielsens Fond, Knud og Edith Eriksons Mindefond, Region Midtjyllands Sundhedsvidenskabelige Forskningsfond. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Danish Data Protection Agency: 1-16-02-653-15.