New tetraphosphorus ligands for highly linear selective hydroformylation of allyl and vinyl derivatives.

New tetraphosphorus ligands have been developed and applied in the rhodium-catalyzed regioselective hydroformylation of a variety of functionalized allyl and vinyl derivatives. Remarkably high linear selectivity was obtained by these tetraphosphorus ligands. The ligand that bears strong electron-withdrawing 2,4-difluorophenyl groups is the most effective one in affording linear aldehydes. The Rh/tetraphosphorus ligand catalyst is highly effective to produce linear aldehydes from functionalized allyl derivatives with heteroatoms or aromatic groups directly adjacent to the allyl group. For vinyl derivatives, the ligand is highly linear selective for acrylic derivatives, styrene, vinyl pyridine, and vinyl phthalimide. Linear to branch ratios of 26:1 and 10:1 were obtained for the hydroformylation of styrene and allyl cyanide, respectively.

Highly regioselective hydroaminomethylation of terminal olefins to linear amines using Rh complexes with a Tetrabi phosphorus ligand.

A highly regioselective hydroaminomethylation of terminal olefins catalyzed by Rh complexes with 2, 2', 6, 6'-tetrakis ((diphenylphosphino)methyl)-1, 1'-biphenyl (Tetrabi) ligand has been developed. Up to 99 % amine selectivity, 168 linear/branched amine product ratio (n/i), and 97.4 % linear amine yield has been obtained at a substrate/rhodium precursor ratio (S/Rh) of 1000 with this methodology. The turnover number was achieved 6930 at 10,000 S/Rh ratio, and the n/i can reach up to >525. Several different olefins and secondary amines have been applied successfully with high chemoselectivity (99 %), yield (>98 %), and regioselectivity (>120).

Synthesis and application of tetraphosphane ligands in rhodium-catalyzed hydroformylation of terminal olefins: high regioselectivity at high temperature.

A new class of substituted tetraphosphane ligands has been developed and applied in the rhodium-catalyzed regioselective hydroformylation of terminal olefins. The high regioselectivity (linear selectivity is above 97 % for 1-octene and 1-hexene) at high temperature (140 degrees C) shown by these tetraphosphane ligands is remarkable considering the low regioselectivity commonly observed under similar reaction conditions when other bisphosphane analogues are used. The steric and electronic effects of substituents on the diarylphosphane moiety have also been examined.

An efficient catalyst for Pd-catalyzed carbonylation of aryl arenesulfonates.

Aryl carboxylic esters were synthesized by Pd-catalyzed carbonylation of aryl p-fluorobenzenesulfonates or -tosylates. A unique Josiphos ligand was discovered through high-throughput catalyst screening, which was the key for the successful carbonylation of various substrates. This catalyst is effective and works well for both electron-rich and electron-poor aryl arenesulfonates. Isolated yields of up to 90% were obtained for aryl p-fluorobenzenesulfonates and -tosylates. [reaction: see text]

Efficient synthesis of a trisubstituted 1,6-naphthyridone from acetonedicarboxylate and regioselective Suzuki arylation.

[reaction: see text] An efficient five-step synthesis of 1,6-naphthyridone 3b, a p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase inhibitor intermediate, in 32% overall yield starting from acetonedicarboxylate (ADC) is described. The synthesis began with a selective monoamidation of ADC dimethyl ester enolate 9. A novel concomitant enamine formation and an imide cyclization afforded the nitrogen differentially protected enamide imide 12. Treatment of 12 with KO(t)Bu and 3-ethoxyacrylate produced lactam 15 quantitatively, which was converted to tetrachloronaphthyridone 19 via a one-pot p-methoxybenzyl (PMB) deprotection and bischlorination. A highly regioselective Pd(OAc)2/IMes-catalyzed Suzuki coupling completed the synthesis.