The contribution of FTO and UCP-1 SNPs to extreme obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular risk in Brazilian individuals.

BACKGROUND: Obesity has become a common human disorder associated with significant morbidity and mortality and adverse effects on quality of life. Sequence variants in two candidate genes, FTO and UCP-1, have been reported to be overrepresented in obese Caucasian population. The association of these genes polymorphisms with the obesity phenotype in a multiethnic group such as the Brazilian population has not been previously reported. METHODS: To assess the putative contribution of both FTO and UCP-1 to body mass index (BMI) and cardiovascular risk we genotyped SNPs rs9939609 (FTO) and rs6536991, rs22705565 and rs12502572 (UCP-1) from 126 morbidly obese subjects (BMI 42.9 ± 5.6 kg/m2, mean ± SE) and 113 normal-weight ethnically matched controls (BMI 22.6 ± 3.5 kg/m2, mean ± SE). Waist circumference, blood pressure, glucose and serum lipids were also measured. Each sample was also genotyped for 40 biallelic short insertion/deletion polymorphism (indels) for ethnic assignment and to estimate the proportion of European, African and Amerindian biogeographical ancestry in the Brazilian population. RESULTS: Cases did not differ from controls in the proportions of genomic ancestry. The FTO SNP rs9939609 and UCP-1 SNP rs6536991 were significantly associated with BMI (p= 0.04 and p<0.0001 respectively). An allele dose dependent tendency was observed for BMI for rs6536991 sample of controls. No other significant associations between any SNP and hypertension, hyperlipidemia and diabetes were noted after correction for BMI and no significant synergistic effect between FTO and UCP-1 SNPs with obesity were noted. There was not an association between rs9939609 (FTO) and rs6536991 (UCP-1) in with maximum weight loss after 1 year in 94 obese patients who underwent bariatric surgery. CONCLUSION: Our data are consistent with FTO rs9939609 and UCP-1 rs6536991 common variants as contributors to obesity in the Brazilian population.

The Effect of a Muscle Weight-Bearing and Aerobic Exercise Program on the Body Composition, Muscular Strength, Biochemical Markers, and Bone Mass of Obese Patients Who Have Undergone Gastric Bypass Surgery.

BACKGROUND: The effect of an exercise program on the body composition, muscular strength (MS), biochemical markers, and bone mineral density (BMD) of individuals undergoing gastric bypass is unclear. We assessed lean mass (LM), MS, bone remodeling markers, and BMD before and after supervised weight-bearing and aerobic exercise training in obese patients who underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). METHODS: This study included 37 obese patients (81.1% women, mean age 38.2 years, mean body mass index 42.4 ± 0.5 kg/m2). Whole body densitometry was used to evaluate pre- and postoperative BMD, total body fat, and LM. Serum calcium, parathyroid hormone, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and bone remodeling markers were measured. MS was determined through the concentric 10 repetition maximum test. Postoperatively, participants were divided into two groups: the training group, who followed an exercise program (TG, n = 18), and the control group, who did not (CG, n = 19). RESULTS: After 1 year, the TG showed a lower decrease in total BMD and at the lumbar spine and right hip compared with the CG (p < 0.001). The TG had lower mass reduction and an increase in upper limb LM compared with the CG (both p < 0.05). There was no significant difference between groups in bone markers or calcium metabolism. MS was higher in the TG than the CG (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The supervised exercise program attenuated lumbar spine and right hip BMD loss and improved LM in the arms and overall MS but did not affect bone remodeling.

Influência da circunferência abdominal sobre o desempenho funcional de idosas / Infuence of waist circumference on elderly women’s functional performance

O objetivo do estudo foi comparar o desempenho funcional de idosas segundo a medida de suas circunfêrencias abdominais (CA). Foram avaliadas 48 idosas, divididas nos grupos 1, com CA>88 cm, e grupo 2, de CA<88 cm. A funcionalidade foi avaliada pelo teste de caminhada de seis minutos (TC6') e pelo teste de desempenho físico modificado (TDFM), não-dependente de condicionamento cardiovascular. O grupo 1, cujos valores de peso e índice de massa corporal foram estatisticamente superiores (p<0,05) aos do grupo 2, percorreu distância média menor, quando comparado ao grupo 2 (p<0,05), e obteve escores médios inferiores no TDFM (p<0,05). Os dados mostram que mulheres idosas com circunferência abdominal superior a 88 cm tiveram pior desempenho nos testes funcionais, sugerindo que a obesidade abdominal pode contribuir para o declínio funcional precoce e conseqüente incapacidade nessa população.

The purpose of this study was to compare physical performance of elderly women according to their waist circumference (WC). Forty-eight elderly women were divided into group 1, with WC>88 cm, and group 2, with WC<88 cm. Physical function was assessed by means of the six-minute walk test (6MWT) and by the modified physical performance test (MPPT), non-dependent on physical fitness. Group 1 mean body mass and body mass index measures were statistically higher (p<0.05) than group 2's; group 1 also walked significantly shorter mean distances than group 2 (p<0.05), and scored lower at the MPPT (p<0.05). Data thus show that elderly women with over 88 cm waist circumference had poor performance at physical function tests, suggesting that the presence of visceral obesity may contribute to functional decline and further impairment among elderly women.