RESUMO
Histoplasmosis is an endemic and systemic mycosis, caused by the dimorphic fungus Histoplasma capsulatum var capsulatum. Disseminated disease in immunocompromised patients generally results from the reactivation of latent foci after a prolonged period of asymptomatic infection. We report a case of laryngeal histoplasmosis as the unique clinical manifestation of a progressive form of the disease in a patient with advanced HIV/AIDS disease. Histopathological analysis of laryngeal biopsy smears revealed granulomas containing Histoplasma-like organisms. Treatment with amphotericin B followed by itraconazole resulted in complete remission of laryngeal lesions. To our knowledge, this is the third case report of laryngeal histoplasmosis in a patient with AIDS.
Assuntos
Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/microbiologia , Histoplasmose/etiologia , Laringite/microbiologia , Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/diagnóstico , Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/patologia , Anfotericina B/uso terapêutico , Antifúngicos/uso terapêutico , Terapia Antirretroviral de Alta Atividade , Transtornos de Deglutição/etiologia , Histoplasmose/tratamento farmacológico , Humanos , Itraconazol/uso terapêutico , Laringite/tratamento farmacológico , Laringite/patologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Recusa do Paciente ao TratamentoRESUMO
Lymphomas of the oral cavity are a rare complication of advanced HIV/AIDS disease. The clinical appearance of these neoplasms includes masses or ulcerative lesions that involve the oral soft tissue and the jaw as the predominant manifestation. We report the case of a patient with AIDS who developed diffuse large B-cell non-Hodgkins lymphoma of the oral cavity during highly active antiretroviral therapy, with undetectable plasma viral load and immune reconstitution.
Assuntos
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica , Terapia Antirretroviral de Alta Atividade , Linfoma Relacionado a AIDS/diagnóstico , Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Bucais/diagnóstico , Adulto , Ciclofosfamida , Doxorrubicina , Humanos , Linfoma Relacionado a AIDS/tratamento farmacológico , Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B/tratamento farmacológico , Masculino , Neoplasias Bucais/tratamento farmacológico , Prednisona , VincristinaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Candida parapsilosis is an important species in the genus Candida that plays a significant role in hospitalized patients with nosocomial infections. In patients with HIV infection or AIDS, central nervous system involvement by Candida species is exceptional. CASE REPORT: Here we report a case of an acute meningoencephalitis due to C. parapsilosis in an adult patient with AIDS. We describe the clinical manifestations, the diagnosis methods, antifungal therapy and outcome. CONCLUSIONS: C. parapsilosis is uncommonly reported as a cause of meningitis in AIDS patients. A higher index of suspicion and culture is necessary to confirm the diagnosis of candidal meningoencephalitis.
Assuntos
Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/microbiologia , Candida/isolamento & purificação , Candidíase Invasiva/microbiologia , Meningite Fúngica/microbiologia , Meningoencefalite/microbiologia , Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/diagnóstico , Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/tratamento farmacológico , Doença Aguda , Adulto , Fármacos Anti-HIV/uso terapêutico , Antifúngicos/uso terapêutico , Candida/classificação , Candida/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Candidíase Invasiva/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Candidíase Invasiva/diagnóstico , Candidíase Invasiva/tratamento farmacológico , Líquido Cefalorraquidiano/microbiologia , Fluconazol/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Masculino , Meningite Fúngica/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Meningite Fúngica/diagnóstico , Meningite Fúngica/tratamento farmacológico , Meningoencefalite/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Meningoencefalite/diagnóstico , Meningoencefalite/tratamento farmacológico , Pacientes Desistentes do TratamentoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) were commonly described in AIDS patients and are related with an atypical morphology and aggressive clinical course. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this single institutional study we evaluated the epidemiological, clinical, immunological, virological, histopathological and the outcome of eleven HIV/AIDS patients with oral cavity lymphomas (OCL). RESULTS: Nine were males and seven intravenous drug abusers. The median of age was 33 years and the median of CD4 T cell counts at the time of diagnosis was 97 cell/µL. The majority of tumors presented as large and ulcerated masses involving the gingiva, the palate and the jaw. Six of these tumors were diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCL); three were Burkitt's lymphomas and the final case was a plasmablastic lymphoma. An association with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) was found in three of the ten tested cases by in situ hybridization (EBER 1 and 2 probes) and immunohistochemistry (LMP-1). Human herpes virus-8 (HHV-8) was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in only one neoplasm. Six patients died without specific treatment; four received chemotherapy and highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and three of them presented a prolonged survival. DISCUSSION: Combination of HAART and chemotherapy should modify the poor prognosis of AIDS patients with OCL.
Assuntos
Infecções por Vírus Epstein-Barr/epidemiologia , Infecções por Herpesviridae/epidemiologia , Herpesvirus Humano 4/isolamento & purificação , Herpesvirus Humano 8/imunologia , Linfoma Relacionado a AIDS/epidemiologia , Linfoma não Hodgkin/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Bucais/epidemiologia , Adulto , Argentina/epidemiologia , Infecções por Vírus Epstein-Barr/imunologia , Infecções por Vírus Epstein-Barr/virologia , Feminino , Infecções por Herpesviridae/imunologia , Infecções por Herpesviridae/virologia , Hospitais Especializados , Humanos , Técnicas Imunoenzimáticas , Hibridização In Situ , Linfoma Relacionado a AIDS/imunologia , Linfoma Relacionado a AIDS/virologia , Linfoma não Hodgkin/imunologia , Linfoma não Hodgkin/virologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias Bucais/imunologia , Neoplasias Bucais/virologia , RNA Mensageiro/genética , Literatura de Revisão como AssuntoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Cryptococcosis is one of the most frequent and severe AIDS defining illnesses. AIMS: We present a patient with advanced HIV/AIDS disease and a diffuse meningoencephalitis due to Cryptococcus neoformans. The patient developed an acute and bilateral blindness associated with high cerebrospinal fluid pressure and optic neuropathy. METHODS: Post-mortem anatomopathologic study revealed a high number of Cryptococcus in the central nervous system, including the optic nerves and the optic chiasm. CONCLUSION: The patient's sudden visual loss appeared to be related to the perineuritic arachnoiditis and the massive invasion of the optic nerves by the fungus.
Assuntos
Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/complicações , Cegueira/etiologia , Meningite Criptocócica/complicações , Doenças do Nervo Óptico/complicações , Adulto , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
Lymphomas of the oral cavity are a rare complication of advanced HIV/AIDS disease. The clinical appearance of these neoplasms includes masses or ulcerative lesions that involve the oral soft tissue and the jaw as the predominant manifestation. We report the case of a patient with AIDS who developed diffuse large B-cell non-Hodgkins lymphoma of the oral cavity during highly active antiretroviral therapy, with undetectable plasma viral load and immune reconstitution.
Os linfomas da cavidade oral são uma complicação rara da AIDS/HIV avançada. A aparência clínica dessas neoplasias inclui massas ou lesões ulcerativas que envolvem o tecido mole oral e da mandíbula como manifestação predominante. Relatamos um caso de um paciente com AIDS que desenvolveu um linfoma não Hodgkin de células B difuso e extenso da cavidade oral durante a terapia antiretroviral altamente ativa com carga viral plasmática indetectável e reconstituição imune.