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BACKGROUND: The association between coffee/caffeine consumption and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) risk remains unclear. PURPOSE: To determine the relationship between coffee/caffeine consumption and the risk of OSA, using the Mendelian randomization (MR) method in the European population. METHODS: Two sets of coffee consumption-associated genetic variants were, respectively, extracted from the recent genome-wide meta-analysis (GWMA) and genome-wide association study (GWAS) of coffee consumption. Taking other caffeine sources into account, genetic variants associated with caffeine consumption from tea and plasma caffeine (reflecting total caffeine intake) were also obtained. The inverse variance weighted (IVW) technique was utilized as the primary analysis, supplemented by the MR-Egger, weighted-median, and MR-Pleiotropy RESidual Sum and Outlier (PRESSO) techniques. Leave-one-out (LOO) analysis was performed to assess whether the overall casual estimates were driven by a single SNP. Additional sensitivity analyses were performed using similar methods, while the genetic variants associated with confounders, e.g., body mass index and hypertension, were excluded. RESULTS: The IVW method demonstrated that coffee consumption GWMA (OR: 1.065, 95% CI 0.927-1.224, p = 0.376), coffee consumption GWAS (OR: 1.665, 95% CI 0.932-2.977, p = 0.086), caffeine from tea (OR: 1.198, 95% CI 0.936-1.534, p = 0.151), and blood caffeine levels (OR: 1.054, 95% CI 0.902-1.231, p = 0.508) were unlikely to be associated with the risk of OSA. The other three methods presented similar results, where no significant associations were found. No single genetic variant was driving the overall estimates by the LOO analysis. These findings were also supported by the sensitivity analyses with no confounding genetic variants. CONCLUSION: Our study found no association between coffee/caffeine consumption and the risk of OSA.
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Café , Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono , Humanos , Cafeína , Estudo de Associação Genômica Ampla , Análise da Randomização Mendeliana , Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono/genética , CháRESUMO
To observe the predictive effect of fasting blood glucose (FBG) level on the prognosis, clinical sequelae, and pulmonary absorption in hospitalized coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients with and without a history of diabetes, respectively, and to evaluate the correlation between the dynamic changes of FBG and poor prognosis. In this bidirectional cohort study, we enrolled 2545 hospitalized COVID-19 patients (439 diabetics and 2106 without a diabetic history) and followed up for 1 year. The patients were divided according to the level of admission FBG. The dynamic changes of FBG were compared between the survival and the death cases. The prediction effect of FBG on 1-year mortality and sequelae was analyzed. The 1-year all cause mortality rate and in-hospital mortality rate of COVID-19 patients were J-curve correlated with FBG (p < 0.001 for both in the nondiabetic history group, p = 0.004 and p = 0.01 in the diabetic history group). FBG ≥ 7.0 mmol/L had a higher risk of developing sequelae (p = 0.025) and have slower recovery of abnormal lung scans (p < 0.001) in patients who denied a history of diabetes. Multivariable Cox regression analysis showed that FBG ≥ 7.0 mmol/L was an independent risk factor for the mortality of COVID-19 regardless of the presence or deny a history of diabetes (hazard atio [HR] = 10.63, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 7.15-15.83, p < 0.001; HR = 3.9, 95% CI: 1.56-9.77, p = 0.004, respectively). Our study shows that FBG ≥ 7.0 mmol/L can be a predictive factor of 1-year all-cause mortality in COVID-19 patients, independent of diabetes history. FBG ≥ 7.0 mmol/L has an advantage in predicting the severity, clinical sequelae, and pulmonary absorption in COVID-19 patients without a history of diabetes. Early detection, timely treatment, and strict control of blood glucose when finding hyperglycemia in COVID-19 patients (with or without diabetes) are critical for their prognosis.
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COVID-19 , Diabetes Mellitus , Glicemia/análise , COVID-19/complicações , Estudos de Coortes , Progressão da Doença , Jejum , Humanos , Prognóstico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
The 1-year mortality and health consequences of COVID-19 in cancer patients are relatively underexplored. In this multicenter cohort study, 166 COVID-19 patients with cancer were compared with 498 non-cancer COVID-19 patients and 498 non-COVID cancer patients. The 1-year all-cause mortality and hospital mortality rates in Cancer COVID-19 Cohort (30% and 20%) were significantly higher than those in COVID-19 Cohort (9% and 8%, both P < .001) and Cancer Cohort (16% and 2%, both P < 0.001). The 12-month all-cause post-discharge mortality rate in survival discharged Cancer COVID-19 Cohort (8%) was higher than that in COVID-19 Cohort (0.4%, P < .001) but similar to that in Cancer Cohort (15%, P = .084). The incidence of sequelae in Cancer COVID-19 Cohort (23%, 26/114) is similar to that in COVID-19 Cohort (30%, 130/432, P = .13). The 1-year all-cause mortality was high among patients with hematologic malignancies (59%), followed by those who have nasopharyngeal, brain, and skin tumors (45%), digestive system neoplasm (43%), and lung cancers (32%). The rate was moderate among patients with genitourinary (14%), female genital (13%), breast (11%), and thyroid tumors (0). COVID-19 patients with cancer showed a high rate of in-hospital mortality and 1-year all-cause mortality, but the 12-month all-cause post-discharge mortality rate in survival discharged cancer COVID-19 patients was similar to that in Cancer Cohort. Comparing to COVID-19 Cohort, risk stratification showed that hematologic, nasopharyngeal, brain, digestive system, and lung tumors were high risk (44% vs 9%, P < 0.001), while genitourinary, female genital, breast, and thyroid tumors had moderate risk (10% vs 9%, P = .85) in COVID-19 Cancer Cohort. Different tumor subtypes had different effects on COVID-19. But if cancer patients with COVID-19 manage to survive their COVID-19 infections, then long-term mortality appears to be similar to the cancer patients without COVID-19, and their long-term clinical sequelae were similar to the COVID-19 patients without cancer.
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COVID-19/mortalidade , Neoplasias/complicações , Idoso , COVID-19/complicações , COVID-19/virologia , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Mortalidade Hospitalar , Humanos , Masculino , SARS-CoV-2/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
Gansu province is a region with the highest gastric cancer incidence and mortality in Northwest China. Epstein-Barr virus-associated gastric carcinoma (EBVaGC) is an important subtype of gastric cancer which shows specific clinicopathological features such as older-age bias, male predominance, lower lymph-node-metastasis, and a better cancer-related survival comparing to EBV-negative gastric cancers. However, the prevalence of EBVaGC has never been studied in Gansu Province, Northwest China. The present study investigated the incidence, characteristics, and EBV messenger RNA (mRNA) profile of EBVaGC in this area. We have collected 270 stomach samples from gastric cancer patients and analyzed the presence of EBV DNA and EBV-encoded small RNAs (EBERs) by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and in situ hybridization, respectively. The EBV mRNA profiling was investigated by quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). EBV DNA was detected in 51/95 patients (53.7%), while EBER transcripts were detected in 18/270 patients (6.7%). EBER positivity was significantly associated with older age and less lymph node metastasis, but no obvious association with gender or histological type of tumors. The expression of EBV genes was observed with different patterns, and the mRNA of glycoprotein BMRF2 was detected in EBVaGC. The present study showed unique clinicopathological features and mRNA expression patterns of EBVaGC in Gansu Province, Northwest China, suggesting that geographic variation can contribute to new epidemiological features in EBVaGC. The transcript of glycoprotein BMRF2 was observed consistently in EBVaGC, which may serve as a biomarker and play a role in the pathogenesis of EBVaGC in Gansu Province, Northwest China.
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Adenocarcinoma/virologia , Infecções por Vírus Epstein-Barr/complicações , Infecções por Vírus Epstein-Barr/virologia , Glicoproteínas de Membrana/metabolismo , Neoplasias Gástricas/virologia , Adenocarcinoma/epidemiologia , Adulto , Idoso , China/epidemiologia , Feminino , Herpesvirus Humano 4/genética , Herpesvirus Humano 4/isolamento & purificação , Humanos , Hibridização In Situ , Masculino , Glicoproteínas de Membrana/genética , MicroRNAs/genética , MicroRNAs/metabolismo , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevalência , Neoplasias Gástricas/epidemiologia , Transcriptoma , Proteínas Virais/genética , Proteínas Virais/metabolismoRESUMO
Atherosclerotic plaque rupture is the primary trigger of fatal cardiovascular events. Fibrillar collagen in atherosclerotic plaques and their directionality are anticipated to play a crucial role in plaque rupture. This study aimed assessing 3D fiber orientations and architecture in atherosclerotic plaques for the first time. Seven carotid plaques were imaged ex-vivo with a state-of-the-art Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) technique, using a high magnetic field (9.4Tesla) MRI scanner. A 3D spin-echo sequence with uni-polar diffusion sensitizing pulsed field gradients was utilized for DTI and fiber directions were assessed from diffusion tensor measurements. The distribution of the 3D fiber orientations in atherosclerotic plaques were quantified and the principal fiber orientations (circumferential, longitudinal or radial) were determined. Overall, 52% of the fiber orientations in the carotid plaque specimens were closest to the circumferential direction, 34% to the longitudinal direction, and 14% to the radial direction. Statistically no significant difference was measured in the amount of the fiber orientations between the concentric and eccentric plaque sites. However, concentric plaque sites showed a distinct structural organization, where the principally longitudinally oriented fibers were closer to the luminal side and the principally circumferentially oriented fibers were located more abluminally. The acquired unique information on 3D plaque fiber direction will help understanding pathobiological mechanisms of atherosclerotic plaque progression and pave the road to more realistic biomechanical plaque modeling for rupture assessment.
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Artérias Carótidas/patologia , Doenças das Artérias Carótidas/patologia , Colágenos Fibrilares/química , Placa Aterosclerótica/patologia , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Aterosclerose/diagnóstico por imagem , Aterosclerose/patologia , Artérias Carótidas/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças das Artérias Carótidas/diagnóstico por imagem , Imagem de Tensor de Difusão , Colágenos Fibrilares/ultraestrutura , Humanos , Imageamento Tridimensional , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Placa Aterosclerótica/diagnóstico por imagem , Estrutura Quaternária de ProteínaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Pancreatic fistula (PF) is the major cause for morbidity and mortality following pancreaticoduodenectomy. The primary aim of this study was to compare the occurrence rate of postoperative PF between isolated Roux-en-Y reconstruction (RYR) and conventional reconstruction (CR) after pancreaticoduodenectomy. METHODS: Data of 43 patients who underwent RYC were compared with those of a pair-matched equal number of patients undergoing CR. We also performed a meta-analysis of comparative studies of the two procedures. RESULTS: The case-matched analysis showed no significant difference in PF occurrence between RYR and CR groups (23.3% versus 25.6%; P = 0.80). Meta-analysis of 1498 patients further confirmed this finding, showing a pooled odds ratio of 1.14 (95% confidence intervals, 0.82-1.58; P = 0.43). CONCLUSION: The use of RYR for pancreaticojejunostomy does not seem to decrease the occurrence rate of postoperative PF in patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy.
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Anastomose em-Y de Roux , Fístula Pancreática/epidemiologia , Pancreaticoduodenectomia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: There have been sporadic case reports published focusing on myoglobin and sepsis. However, there are no systematic studies evaluating the correlation between myoglobin level and sepsis. This study investigated the correlation between the serum myoglobin level and the severity of septic patients. Next, we assessed the predictive value of the serum myoglobin level for the prognosis of septic patients. METHODS: Seventy septic patients were included and subdivided into the following 3 groups: sepsis group, severe sepsis group, and septic shock group. We collected blood samples at 0, 6, 12, 18, and 24hours after admission. The serum levels of myoglobin, C-reactive protein, and procalcitonin were analyzed. We also evaluated the levels of malondialdehyde, which is a biomarker for oxidative stress. RESULTS: The data indicate that the myoglobin level increased gradually within 24hours after admission. The median myoglobin levels of the sepsis, severe sepsis, and septic shock groups were 635.7, 903.6, and 1094.8µg/L, respectively (P<.05). The elevated myoglobin level was positively correlated with Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score, C-reactive protein, and procalcitonin level in septic patients. The increased myoglobin level was also associated with the mortality of septic patients. The Kaplan-Meier survival curves indicated that patients with high myoglobin levels had an elevated mortality rate. Moreover, an elevated myoglobin level indicated more oxidative stress. CONCLUSIONS: The myoglobin level can be detected in the early stage of sepsis and may serve as a potential biomarker for evaluating sepsis severity and further prognosis.
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Mioglobina/sangue , Sepse/sangue , Sepse/diagnóstico , Adulto , Idoso , Biomarcadores/sangue , Proteína C-Reativa/metabolismo , Calcitonina/sangue , Feminino , Humanos , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estresse Oxidativo , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Prognóstico , Sepse/mortalidadeRESUMO
Background: In observational studies, sepsis and circulating levels of cytokines have been associated with unclear causality. This study used Mendelian randomization (MR) to identify the causal direction between circulating cytokines and sepsis in a two-sample study. Methods: An MR analysis was performed to estimate the causal effect of 41 cytokines on sepsis risk. The inverse-variance weighted random-effects method, the weighted median-based method, and MR-Egger were used to analyze the data. Heterogeneity and pleiotropy were assessed using MR-Egger regression and Cochran's Q statistic. Results: Genetically predicted beta-nerve growth factor (OR = 1.12, 95% CI [1.037-1.211], P = 0.004) increased the risk of sepsis, while RANTES (OR = 0.92, 95% CI [0.849-0.997], P = 0.041) and fibroblast growth factor (OR = 0.869, 95% CI [0.766-0.986], P = 0.029) reduced the risk of sepsis. These findings were robust in extensive sensitivity analyses. There was no clear association between the other cytokines and sepsis risk. Conclusion: The findings of this study demonstrate that beta-nerve growth factor, RANTES, and fibroblast growth factor contribute to sepsis risk. Investigations into potential mechanisms are warranted.
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Análise da Randomização Mendeliana , Sepse , Humanos , Fator de Crescimento Neural , Sepse/genética , Citocinas/genética , Fatores de Crescimento de FibroblastosRESUMO
The study aimed to elucidate the mechanisms by which sulfur dioxide (SO2) alleviates organ damage during sepsis using RNA-Seq technology. A cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) sepsis model was established in rats, and the effects of SO2 treatment on organ damage were assessed through histopathological examinations. RNA-Seq was performed to analyze differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and subsequent functional annotations and enrichment analyses were conducted. The CLP model successfully induced sepsis symptoms in rats. Histopathological evaluation revealed that SO2 treatment considerably reduced tissue damage across the heart, kidney, liver, and lungs. RNA-Seq identified 950 DEGs between treated and untreated groups, with significant enrichment in genes associated with ribosomal and translational activities, amino acid metabolism, and PI3K-Akt signaling. Furthermore, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) showcased enrichments in pathways related to transcriptional regulation, cellular migration, proliferation, and calcium-ion binding. In conclusion, SO2 effectively mitigates multi-organ damage induced by CLP sepsis, potentially through modulating gene expression patterns related to critical biological processes and signaling pathways. These findings highlight the therapeutic promise of SO2 in managing sepsis-induced organ damage.
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B7-H3 is a common oncogene found in various cancer types. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying abnormal B7-H3 expression and colorectal cancer (CRC) progression need to be extensively explored. B7-H3 was upregulated in human CRC tissues and its abnormal expression was correlated with a poor prognosis in CRC patients. Notably, gain- and loss-of-function experiments revealed that B7-H3 knockdown substantially inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro, whereas exogenous B7-H3 expression yielded contrasting results. In addition, silencing of B7-H3 inhibited tumor growth in a xenograft mouse model. Mechanistically, our study demonstrated that the N6-methyladenosine (m6A) binding protein YTHDF1 augmented B7-H3 expression in an m6A-dependent manner. Furthermore, rescue experiments demonstrated that reintroduction of B7-H3 considerably abolished the inhibitory effects on cell proliferation and invasion induced by silencing YTHDF1. Our results suggest that the YTHDF1-m6A-B7-H3 axis is crucial for CRC development and progression and may represent a potential therapeutic target for CRC treatment.
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Calcific aortic valve stenosis (CAVS) is associated with an increased risk of atrial fibrillation (AF) in observational studies, but whether these associations are causal has not been determined. This study aimed to explore the potential causal relationship between CAVS and AF via Mendelian randomization (MR). Genetic variants from the genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary data of the European population for CAVS were used to investigate the association with AF. The inverse variance weighted (IVW) approach was used to obtain the primary causal inference, and several sensitivity analysis approaches, such as the MRâEgger and weighted median (WM), were performed to assess the robustness of the results. A total of nineteen valid and independent genetic SNPs associated with CAVS were obtained from the GWAS database. Genetically predicted CAVS (OR: 1.105; 95% CI: 1.072-1.139; p = 8.60E-11) was associated with an increased risk of AF. Similar results were discovered in the sensitivity analyses by using MR Egger and weighted median approaches. An MR design was used to reduce confounding variables and the potential for reverse causality bias. The results provide genetic evidence that CAVS considerably increased the risk of AF.
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Estenose da Valva Aórtica , Fibrilação Atrial , Humanos , Fibrilação Atrial/genética , Estudo de Associação Genômica Ampla , Análise da Randomização Mendeliana , Estenose da Valva Aórtica/genéticaRESUMO
Adult's Epstein-Barr virus-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis is a rare and life-threatening condition characterized by atypical initial symptoms and rapid disease progression. To facilitate early diagnosis and prompt treatment, it is imperative to implement early multidisciplinary intervention and prioritize pathogen detection, as these measures significantly contribute to enhancing patient prognosis.
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BACKGROUND: Whether there is an association between dietary choline intake and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in American adults remains unclear. METHODS: Data came from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2017-2018. Choline intake was defined by the mean amounts of two 24 h dietary recalls, and choline intake was categorized into three groups according to the quartiles: inadequate (
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Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica , Masculino , Adulto , Humanos , Feminino , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/etiologia , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/complicações , Inquéritos Nutricionais , Colina , Dieta , Modelos LogísticosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Even though various studies have been conducted to investigate the relationship between trace metals and sleep, few epidemiological studies have evaluated the relationship between trace metals and sleep disorders in American adults. OBJECTIVE: This study intended to evaluate the associations of serum zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), selenium (Se), Zn/Cu, Zn/Se, and Cu/Se ratios with sleep disorders in American adults. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 3660 adults aged ≥18 years old who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2016. Binary logistic regression was employed to calculate the odds ratio (OR) and 95 % confidence interval (CI) of either serum trace metals or serum trace metals ratios with risks among sleep disorder phenotypes. The restricted cubic spline (RCS) model was additionally utilized to check the dose-response relationships between serum trace metals, serum trace metals ratios, and sleep disorders. RESULTS: Logistic regression demonstrated that higher serum Zn (OR: 0.70, 95 % CI: 0.51-0.97, p = 0.035), Zn/Cu (OR: 0.62, 95 % CI: 0.45-0.87, p = 0.007), and Zn/Se (OR: 0.68, 95 % CI: 0.49-0.95, p = 0.025) were related to a decreased likelihood of self-reported sleep disorders, and dose-response relationships were detected by the RCS models, after adjustment for sociodemographic, behavioral, and health characteristics. No associations between serum Cu, Se, Cu/Se, and sleep disorders were observed. The findings in the sensitivity analyses were consistent with these results. CONCLUSION: Our study revealed that serum Zn, Zn/Cu, and Zn/Se were inversely associated with the risk of self-reported sleep disorders in US adults.
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Selênio , Oligoelementos , Selênio/análise , Cobre/análise , Inquéritos Nutricionais , Zinco , Estudos TransversaisRESUMO
BACKGROUND: This study aimed to investigate the impact of branch vessel involvement on organ malperfusion and mid-term survival in patients with acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD). METHODS: Between January 2019 and December 2020, 493 consecutive patients with angiographically confirmed ATAAD were retrospectively analysed. Preoperative computed tomography angiography parameters (branch artery involvement, longitudinal extent of dissection) were reviewed. The incidence of organ malperfusion, in-hospital mortality, and mid-term outcomes of patients with and without branch vessel involvement were compared. RESULTS: Branch vessel involvement was detected in 407 patients (82.6%), and organ malperfusion was observed in 234 patients (47.5%). The incidence of organ malperfusion was significantly higher in patients with branch vessel involvement compared with patients without it (52.6% vs. 23.3%, p < 0.001). Patients with coronary artery involvement (32.5%) were more likely to manifest as clinical malperfusion, whereas it occurred only 19.4% in patients with renal artery involvement. In-hospital mortality was higher in patients with branch vessel involvement (19.9% vs. 8.1%, p = 0.010). Median follow-up time was 16.1 months. Two-year survival rate was lower in patients with branch vessel involvement (76.3% vs. 84.5%, p = 0.085) or organ malperfusion (68.3% vs. 86.0%, p < 0.001). Multivariable analysis identified cardiac, cerebral, visceral and renal malperfusion as independent predictors for in-hospital mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Only a small proportion of branch vessel involvement was associated with corresponding organ malperfusion in patients with ATAAD. Branch vessel involvement had a greater effect on short-term outcomes than mid-term survival, and organ malperfusion was related to a worse prognosis beyond it.
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Dissecção Aórtica , Implante de Prótese Vascular , Humanos , Prognóstico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do Tratamento , Dissecção Aórtica/diagnóstico , Dissecção Aórtica/diagnóstico por imagem , Rim , Doença Aguda , Implante de Prótese Vascular/efeitos adversosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) is the most effective surgical procedure to remove a pancreatic tumor, but the prevalent postoperative complications, including postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF), can be life-threatening. Thus far, there is no consensus about the prevention of POPF. AIM: To determine possible prognostic factors and investigate the clinical effects of modified duct-to-mucosa pancreaticojejunostomy (PJ) on POPF development. METHODS: We retrospectively collected and analyzed the data of 215 patients who underwent PD between January 2017 and February 2022 in our surgery center. The risk factors for POPF were analyzed by univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Then, we stratified patients by anastomotic technique (end-to-side invagination PJ vs modified duct-to-mucosa PJ) to conduct a comparative study. RESULTS: A total of 108 patients received traditional end-to-side invagination PJ, and 107 received modified duct-to-mucosa PJ. Overall, 58.6% of patients had various complications, and 0.9% of patients died after PD. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that anastomotic approaches, main pancreatic duct (MPD) diameter and pancreatic texture were significantly associated with the incidence of POPF. Additionally, the POPF incidence and operation time in patients receiving modified duct-to-mucosa PJ were 11.2% and 283.4 min, respectively, which were significantly lower than those in patients receiving traditional end-to-side invagination PJ (27.8% and 333.2 minutes). CONCLUSION: Anastomotic approach, MPD diameter and pancreatic texture are major risk factors for POPF development. Compared with traditional end-to-side invagination PJ, modified duct-to-mucosa PJ is a simpler and more efficient technique that results in a lower incidence of POPF. Further studies are needed to validate our findings and explore the clinical applicability of our technique for laparoscopic and robotic PD.
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Background: This study aims to investigate the risk factors for in-hospital death in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD) and to provide a straightforward prediction model to assist clinicians in determining the outcome of AAD patients. Methods: Retrospective analysis was carried out on 2,179 patients admitted for AAD from March 5, 1999 to April 20, 2018 in Wuhan Union Hospital, China. The risk factors were investigated with univariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis. Results: The patients were divided into two groups: Group A, 953patients (43.7%) with type A AAD; Group B, 1,226 patients (56.3%) with type B AAD. The overall in-hospital mortality rate was 20.3% (194/953) and 4% (50/1,226) in Group A and B respectively. The multivariable analysis included the variables that were statistically significant predictors of in-hospital death (P < 0.05). In Group A, hypotension (OR = 2.01, P = 0.001) and liver dysfunction (OR = 12.95, P < 0.001) were independent risk factors. Tachycardia (OR = 6.08, P < 0.001) and liver dysfunction (OR = 6.36, P < 0.05) were independent risk factors for Group B mortality. The risk factors of Group A were assigned a score equal to their coefficients, and the score of -0.5 was the best point of the risk prediction model. Based on this analysis, we derived a predictive model to help clinicians determine the prognosis of type A AAD patients. Conclusions: This study investigate the independent factors associated with in-hospital death in patients with type A or B aortic dissection, respectively. In addition, we develop the prediction of the prognosis for type A patients and assist clinicians in choosing treatment strategies.
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Inspired by periodically aligned micro/nanostructures on biological surfaces, researchers have been fabricating biomimetic structures with superior performance. As a promising and versatile tool, an ultrafast laser combined with other forms of processing technology has been utilized to manufacture functional structures, e.g., the biomimetic subwavelength structures to restrain the surface Fresnel reflectance. In this review paper, we interpret the biomimetic mechanism of antireflective subwavelength structures (ARSSs) for high-transmission windows. Recent advances in the fabrication of ARSSs with an ultrafast laser are summarized and introduced. The limitations and challenges of laser processing technology are discussed, and the future prospects for advancement are outlined, too.
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Background: The association between circulating the selenium level and the risk of schizophrenia remains unclear. Objective: To determine the relationship between the circulating selenium level and the risk of schizophrenia, using the Mendelian Randomization method in the European population. Methods: Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with the circulating selenium level were identified at p < 5 × 10-8. The inverse variance weighted (IVW) method was used as the principal MR analysis, and MR Egger, weighted median, and MR PRESSO were used to determine the accuracy of IVW results. The Cochran's Q-test and Leave-One-Out sensitivity analysis were performed to evaluate the heterogeneity and stability of genetic variants on schizophrenia. Results: The circulating selenium level was associated with decreased risk of schizophrenia by the IVW method (OR: 0.906, 95% CI:0.867-0.947). MR Egger, weighted median, and MR PRESSO methods got similar results. No heterogeneity was detected by the Cochran's Q-test, and no single SNP was driving the overall effect by leave-one-out analysis. Conclusion: Our study provides support for the genetic relationship between the circulating selenium level and schizophrenia; the decreased circulating selenium level was associated with an elevated risk of schizophrenia.
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Bone tissue engineering has been becoming a promising strategy for surgical bone repair, but the risk of infection during trauma repair remains a problematic health concern worldwide, especially for fracture and infection-caused bone defects. Conventional antibiotics fail to effectively prevent or treat bone infections during bone defect repair because of drug-resistance and recurrence, so novel antibacterial agents with limited resistance are highly needed for bone tissue engineering. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) characterized by cationic, hydrophobic and amphipathic properties show great promise to be used as next-generation antibiotics which rarely induce resistance and show potent antibacterial efficacy. In this review, four common structures of AMPs (helix-based, sheet-based, coil-based and composite) and related modifications are presented to identify AMPs and design novel analogs. Then, potential effects of AMPs for bone infection during bone repair are explored, including bactericidal activity, anti-biofilm, immunomodulation and regenerative properties. Moreover, we present distinctive applications of AMPs for topical bone repair, which can be either used by delivery system (surface immobilization, nanoparticles and hydrogels) or used in gene therapy. Finally, future prospects and ongoing challenges are discussed.