Current and emerging therapies for eosinophilic esophagitis.

Background: Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a Type-2 chronic inflammatory food antigen-driven disease of the esophagus, characterized by eosinophilic predominant inflammation and a constellation of symptoms. The incidence and prevalence of EoE has increased over the past 2 decades. There is an unmet need for approved less burdensome treatment options. Objective: To describe the underlying pathophysiology and diagnosis of EoE and discuss the currently available treatment options. We also aim to review the new and emerging therapies for EoE. Methods: A search of a medical literature data base was performed for articles that discuss treatment for EoE. Results: A comparison of current therapies showed that dietary elimination, swallowed topical corticosteroids, and proton-pump inhibitor therapy are all effective for different populations. Emerging therapies that were reviewed include new topical corticosteroids and biologics directed against Type 2 inflammation. Conclusion: EoE is a chronic inflammatory disorder that can be debilitating, with long-term sequelae. There are no current approved therapies in the United States. Numerous new treatments are on the horizon. Increasing amounts of data are helping to tailor treatment for each patient. Ultimately, shared decision-making is the best approach to guide treatment choices with patients to manage the ever-increasing burden of this disease.

Acute Myocarditis From the Use of Selective Androgen Receptor Modulator (SARM) RAD-140 (Testolone).

Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators (SARMs) work at the level of the androgen receptor and are potential alternatives to testosterone supplementation in patients with hypogonadism. We report the case of a young male who presented with possible acute myocarditis from self-medication with SARM for bodybuilding.