RESUMO
The two-electron oxygen reduction reaction (2e-ORR) for the sustainable synthesis of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) has demonstrated considerable potential for local production of this environmentally friendly chemical oxidant on small, medium, and large scales. This method offers a promising alternative to the energy-intensive anthraquinone approach, placing a primary emphasis on the development of efficient electrocatalysts. Improving the efficiency of electrocatalysts and uncovering their catalytic mechanisms are essential steps in achieving high 2e-ORR activity, selectivity, and stability. This comprehensive review summarizes recent advancements in electrocatalysts for in-situ H2O2 production, providing a detailed overview of the field. In particular, the review delves into the design, fabrication, and investigation of catalytic active sites contributing to H2O2 selectivity. Additionally, it highlights a range of electrocatalysts including pure metals and alloys, transition metal compounds, single-atom catalysts, and carbon-based catalysts for the 2e-ORR pathway. Finally, the review addresses significant challenges and opportunities for efficient H2O2 electrosynthesis, as well as potential future research directions.