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Innate vocal sounds such as laughing, screaming or crying convey one's feelings to others. In many species, including humans, scaling the amplitude and duration of vocalizations is essential for effective social communication1-3. In mice, female scent triggers male mice to emit innate courtship ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs)4,5. However, whether mice flexibly scale their vocalizations and how neural circuits are structured to generate flexibility remain largely unknown. Here we identify mouse neurons from the lateral preoptic area (LPOA) that express oestrogen receptor 1 (LPOAESR1 neurons) and, when activated, elicit the complete repertoire of USV syllables emitted during natural courtship. Neural anatomy and functional data reveal a two-step, di-synaptic circuit motif in which primary long-range inhibitory LPOAESR1 neurons relieve a clamp of local periaqueductal grey (PAG) inhibition, enabling excitatory PAG USV-gating neurons to trigger vocalizations. We find that social context shapes a wide range of USV amplitudes and bout durations. This variability is absent when PAG neurons are stimulated directly; PAG-evoked vocalizations are time-locked to neural activity and stereotypically loud. By contrast, increasing the activity of LPOAESR1 neurons scales the amplitude of vocalizations, and delaying the recovery of the inhibition clamp prolongs USV bouts. Thus, the LPOA disinhibition motif contributes to flexible loudness and the duration and persistence of bouts, which are key aspects of effective vocal social communication.
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Hipotálamo/fisiologia , Vocalização Animal/fisiologia , Animais , Corte , Receptor alfa de Estrogênio/metabolismo , Feminino , Hipotálamo/citologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Neurônios/fisiologia , Substância Cinzenta Periaquedutal/citologia , Substância Cinzenta Periaquedutal/fisiologia , Área Pré-Óptica/citologia , Área Pré-Óptica/fisiologia , Sinapses/metabolismo , Fatores de Tempo , Ondas UltrassônicasRESUMO
Biopsy, including tissue and liquid biopsy, offers comprehensive and real-time physiological and pathological information for disease detection, diagnosis, and monitoring. Fluorescent probes are frequently selected to obtain adequate information on pathological processes in a rapid and minimally invasive manner based on their advantages for biopsy. However, conventional fluorescent probes have been found to show aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) properties, impeding greater progresses in this area. Since the discovery of aggregation-induced emission luminogen (AIEgen) have promoted rapid advancements in molecular bionanomaterials owing to their unique properties, including high quantum yield (QY) and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), etc. This review seeks to present the latest advances in AIEgen-based biofluorescent probes for biopsy in real or artificial samples, and also the key properties of these AIE probes. This review is divided into: (i) tissue biopsy based on smart AIEgens, (ii) blood sample biopsy based on smart AIEgens, (iii) urine sample biopsy based on smart AIEgens, (iv) saliva sample biopsy based on smart AIEgens, (v) biopsy of other liquid samples based on smart AIEgens, and (vi) perspectives and conclusion. This review could provide additional guidance to motivate interest and bolster more innovative ideas for further exploring the applications of various smart AIEgens in precision medicine.
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Corantes Fluorescentes , Medicina de Precisão , Humanos , Corantes Fluorescentes/química , Biópsia , Animais , Biópsia Líquida/métodosRESUMO
Electrochemical CO2 reduction provides a potential means for synthesizing value-added chemicals over the near equilibrium potential regime, i.e., formate production on Pd-based catalysts. However, the activity of Pd catalysts has been largely plagued by the potential-depended deactivation pathways (e.g., [Formula: see text]-PdH to [Formula: see text]-PdH phase transition, CO poisoning), limiting the formate production to a narrow potential window of 0 V to -0.25 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE). Herein, we discovered that the Pd surface capped with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) ligand exhibits effective resistance to the potential-depended deactivations and can catalyze formate production at a much extended potential window (beyond -0.7 V vs. RHE) with significantly improved activity (~14-times enhancement at -0.4 V vs. RHE) compared to that of the pristine Pd surface. Combined results from physical and electrochemical characterizations, kinetic analysis, and first-principle simulations suggest that the PVP capping ligand can effectively stabilize the high-valence-state Pd species (Pdδ+) resulted from the catalyst synthesis and pretreatments, and these Pdδ+ species are responsible for the inhibited phase transition from [Formula: see text]-PdH to [Formula: see text]-PdH, and the suppression of CO and H2 formation. The present study confers a desired catalyst design principle, introducing positive charges into Pd-based electrocatalyst to enable efficient and stable CO2 to formate conversion.
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Mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) possess a pluripotent developmental potential and a stable karyotype. An exception is the frequent loss of one X chromosome in female ESCs derived from inbred mice. In contrast, female ESCs from crosses between different Mus musculus subspecies often maintain two X chromosomes and can model X chromosome inactivation. Here we report that combined mutations of Hira and Cdk8 induce rapid loss of one X chromosome in a Mus musculus castaneus hybrid female ESC line that originally maintains two X chromosomes. We show that MEK1 inhibition, which is used for culturing naive pluripotent ESCs is sufficient to induce X chromosome loss. In conventional ESC media, Hira and Cdk8 mutant ESCs maintain both X chromosomes. Induction of X chromosome loss by switching to naive culture media allows us to perform kinetic measurements for calculating the chromosome loss rate. Our analysis shows that X chromosome loss is not explained by selection of XO cells, but likely driven by a process of chromosome elimination. We show that elimination of the X chromosome occurs with a rate of 0.3% per cell per division, which exceeds reported autosomal loss rates by 3 orders of magnitude. We show that chromosomes 8 and 11 are stably maintained. Notably, Xist expression from one of the two X chromosomes rescues X chromosomal instability in ΔHiraΔCdk8 ESCs. Our study defines mutations of Hira and Cdk8 as molecular drivers for X chromosome elimination in naive female ESCs and describes a cell system for elucidating the underlying mechanism.
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Quinase 8 Dependente de Ciclina , Células-Tronco Embrionárias Murinas , Mutação , Inativação do Cromossomo X , Cromossomo X , Animais , Feminino , Camundongos , Cromossomo X/genética , Quinase 8 Dependente de Ciclina/genética , Células-Tronco Embrionárias Murinas/metabolismo , Células-Tronco Embrionárias Murinas/citologia , Proteínas de Ciclo Celular/genética , Fatores de Transcrição/genéticaRESUMO
Magnetic skyrmions are topologically protected spin textures with emergent particle-like behaviors. Their dynamics under external stimuli is of great interest and importance for topological physics and spintronics applications alike. So far, skyrmions are only found to move linearly in response to a linear drive, following the conventional model treating them as isolated quasiparticles. Here, by performing time and spatially resolved resonant elastic X-ray scattering of the insulating chiral magnet Cu2OSeO3, we show that for finite-sized skyrmion crystallites, a purely linear temperature gradient not only propels the skyrmions but also induces continuous rotational motion through a chiral lattice torque. Consequently, a skyrmion crystallite undergoes a rolling motion under a small gradient, while both the rolling speed and the rotational sense can be controlled. Our findings offer a new degree of freedom for manipulating these quasiparticles toward device applications and underscore the fundamental phase difference between the condensed skyrmion lattice and isolated skyrmions.
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The two-dimensional (2D) honeycomb lattice has attracted intensive research interest due to the appearance of Dirac-type band structures as the consequence of two sublattices in the honeycomb structure. Introducing strong spin-orbit coupling (SOC) leads to a gap opening at the Dirac point, transforming the honeycomb lattice into a 2D topological insulator as a platform for the quantum spin Hall effect (QSHE). In this work, we realize a 2D honeycomb-structured film with tellurium, the heaviest nonradioactive element in Group VI, namely, tellurene, via molecular beam epitaxy. We revealed the gap opening of 160 meV at the Dirac point due to the strong SOC in the honeycomb-structured tellurene by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. The topological edge states of tellurene are detected via scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy. These results demonstrate that tellurene is a novel 2D honeycomb lattice with strong SOC, and they unambiguously prove that tellurene is a promising candidate for a room-temperature QSHE system.
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Magnetic skyrmions are swirl-like spin configurations that present topological properties, which have great potential as information carriers for future high-density and low-energy-consumption devices. The optimization of skyrmion-hosting materials that can be integrated with semiconductor-based circuits is the primary challenge for their industrialization. Two-dimensional van der Waals ferromagnets are emerging materials that have excellent carrier mobility and compatibility with integrated circuits, making them an ideal candidate for spintronic devices. Here, we report the realization of skyrmions at above room temperature in the 2D ferromagnet Fe3GaTe2. The thickness tunability of their skyrmion size and the formation of the skyrmion lattice are revealed. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the skyrmions can be moved by a low-density current at room temperature, together with an apparent skyrmion Hall effect, which is consistent with our quantitative micromagnetic simulation. Our work offers a promising 2D material platform for harnessing magnetic skyrmions in practical device applications.
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The messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines hold great significance in contagion prevention and cancer immunotherapy. However, safely and effectively harnessing innate immunity to stimulate robust and durable adaptive immune protection is crucial, yet challenging. In this study, we synthesized a library of stimuli-responsive bivalent ionizable lipids (srBiv iLPs) with smart molecular blocks responsive to esterase, H2O2, cytochrome P450, alkaline phosphatase, nitroreductase, or glutathione (GSH), aiming to leverage physiological cues to trigger fast lipid degradation, promote mRNA translation, and induce robust antitumor immunity via reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated boosting. After subcutaneous immunization, esterase-responsive vaccine (eBiv-mVac) was rapidly internalized and transported into the draining lymph nodes. It then underwent fast decaging and self-immolative degradation in esterase-rich antigen-presenting cells, releasing sufficient mRNA for antigen translation and massive reactive quinone methides to elevate ROS levels. This resulted in broad activation of innate immunity to boost T cell response, prompting a large number of primed antigen-specific CD8+ T cells to circulate and infiltrate into tumors (>1000-fold versus unvaccinated control), thereby orchestrating innate and adaptive immunity to control tumor growth. Moreover, by further combining our vaccination strategy with immune checkpoint blockade, we demonstrated a synergism that significantly amplified the magnitude and function of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells. This, in turn, caused potent systemic antitumor efficacy and prolonged survival with high complete response rate in xenograft and metastasis models. Overall, our generalized stimuli-responsive mRNA delivery platform promises a paradigm shift in the design of potent vaccines for cancer immunotherapy, as well as effective and precise carriers for gene editing, protein replacement, and cell engineering.
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Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos , Imunidade Inata , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Imunidade Inata/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos/imunologia , Camundongos , Vacinas de mRNA/química , Vacinas Anticâncer/imunologia , Vacinas Anticâncer/química , RNA Mensageiro/imunologia , RNA Mensageiro/genética , Humanos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BLRESUMO
Precise mapping and regulation of cell surface receptors hold immense significance in disease treatment, such as cancer, infection, and neurodisorders, but also face enormous challenges. In this study, we designed a series of adjustable multivalent aptamer-based DNA nanostructures to precisely control their interaction with receptors in tumor cells. By profiling surface receptors on 12 cell lines using 10 different aptamers, we generated a heatmap that accurately distinguished between various tumor types based on multiple markers. We then incorporated these aptamers onto DNA origami structures to regulate receptor recognition, with patch-like structures demonstrating a tendency to be trapped on the cell surface and with tube-like structures showing a preference for internalization. Through precise control of aptamer species, valence, and geometric patterns, we found that multiheteroreceptor-mediated recognition not only favored the specific binding of nanostructures to tumor cells but also greatly enhanced intracellular uptake by promoting clathrin-dependent endocytosis. Specifically, we achieved over 5-fold uptake in different tumor cells versus normal cells using tube-like structures modified with different diheteroaptamer pairs, facilitating targeted drug delivery. Moreover, patch-like structures with triheteroaptamers guided specific interactions between macrophages and tumor cells, leading to effective immune clearance. This programmable multivalent system allows for the precise regulation of cell recognition using multiple parameters, demonstrating great potential for personalized tumor treatment.
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Aptâmeros de Nucleotídeos , Nanoestruturas , Neoplasias , Humanos , Aptâmeros de Nucleotídeos/química , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Nanoestruturas/química , Sistemas de Liberação de Medicamentos , DNA/química , Linhagem Celular TumoralRESUMO
Efficient, accurate, and economical detection of pathogenic bacteria is crucial in ensuring food safety and preventing foodborne illnesses. How to fulfill the highly sensitive and simultaneous detection of multiple trace pathogenic bacteria is a big challenge. In this work, capillary electrophoresis coupled with a cyclic multiple primer generation rolling circle amplification (cyclic MPG-RCA) was studied for highly sensitive and simultaneous detection of three kinds of pathogenic bacteria. The cyclic MPG-RCA was based on a carefully designed clover-shaped DNA probe, in which three "leaves" corresponded to three types of aimed pathogenic bacteria: Shigella dysenteriae (S. dysenteriae), Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi), and Vibrio parahaemolyticus (V. parahaemolyticus). Under the optimal experimental conditions, the limits of detection (S/N = 3) of this method for bacterial target DNA were 11.4 amol·L-1 (S. dysenteriae), 4.88 amol·L-1 (S. Typhi), and 14.9 amol·L-1 (V. parahaemolyticus), and the conversion concentrations for the target bacteria were 10 colony-forming units (CFU)·mL-1 (S. dysenteriae), 3 CFU·mL-1 (S. Typhi), and 12 CFU·mL-1 (V. parahaemolyticus). This method had been applied to the detection of tap water samples with good results, which proved that it could be used as an effective tool for trace pathogenic bacteria monitoring in foods, environments, and medicines.
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Bactérias , Vibrio parahaemolyticus , Salmonella , Vibrio parahaemolyticus/genética , Eletroforese CapilarRESUMO
Single-cell transcriptome sequencing (scRNA-seq) is a powerful tool for describing the transcriptome dynamics of plant development but has not yet been utilized to analyze the tissue ontology of sweetpotato. This study established a stable method for isolating single protoplast cells for scRNA-seq to reveal the cell heterogeneity of sweetpotato root tip meristems at the single-cell level. The study analyzed 12,172 single cells and 27,355 genes in the root tips of the sweetpotato variety Guangshu 87, which were distributed into 15 cell clusters. Pseudo-time analysis showed that there were transitional cells in the apical development trajectory of mature cell types from stem cell niches. Furthermore, we identified novel development regulators of sweetpotato tubers via trajectory analysis. The transcription factor IbGATA4 was highly expressed in the adventitious roots during the development of sweetpotato root tips, where it may regulate the development of sweetpotato root tips. In addition, significant differences were observed in the transcriptional profiles of cell types between sweetpotato, Arabidopsis thaliana, and maize. This study mapped the single-cell transcriptome of sweetpotato root tips, laying a foundation for studying the types, functions, differentiation, and development of sweetpotato root tip cells.
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Ipomoea batatas , Meristema , Análise de Célula Única , Ipomoea batatas/genética , Ipomoea batatas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Ipomoea batatas/metabolismo , Meristema/genética , Meristema/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Transcriptoma , Raízes de Plantas/genética , Raízes de Plantas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Regulação da Expressão Gênica de Plantas , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Arabidopsis/genética , Arabidopsis/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Fatores de Transcrição/genética , Fatores de Transcrição/metabolismo , Zea mays/genética , Zea mays/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismoRESUMO
Liver fibrosis, a progressive process of fibrous scarring, results from the accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins (ECM). If left untreated, it often progresses to diseases such as cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Lycorine, a natural alkaloid derived from medicinal plants, has shown diverse bioactivities by targeting JAK2/STAT3 signaling, but its pharmacological effects and potential molecular mechanisms in liver fibrosis remains largely unexplored. The purpose of this study is to elucidate the pharmacological activity and molecular mechanism of lycorine in anti-hepatic fibrosis. Findings indicate that lycorine significantly inhibited hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) activation by reducing the expression of α-SMA and collagen-1. In vivo, lycorine treatment alleviated carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) -induced mice liver fibrosis, improving liver function, decreasing ECM deposition, and inhibiting fibrosis-related markers' expression. Mechanistically, it was found that lycorine exerts protective activity through the JAK2/STAT3 and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways, as evidenced by transcriptome sequencing technology and small molecule inhibitors. These results underscore lycorine's potential as a therapeutic drug for liver fibrosis.
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Alcaloides de Amaryllidaceae , Tetracloreto de Carbono , Células Estreladas do Fígado , Janus Quinase 2 , Cirrose Hepática , Fenantridinas , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt , Fator de Transcrição STAT3 , Transdução de Sinais , Animais , Janus Quinase 2/metabolismo , Fator de Transcrição STAT3/metabolismo , Alcaloides de Amaryllidaceae/farmacologia , Tetracloreto de Carbono/toxicidade , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt/metabolismo , Camundongos , Masculino , Células Estreladas do Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Estreladas do Fígado/metabolismo , Células Estreladas do Fígado/patologia , Cirrose Hepática/tratamento farmacológico , Cirrose Hepática/induzido quimicamente , Cirrose Hepática/patologia , Cirrose Hepática/metabolismo , Fenantridinas/farmacologia , Fenantridinas/uso terapêutico , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinases/metabolismo , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Linhagem CelularRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The contribution of individual and combined inflammatory markers for the prognosis of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) remains elusive. This study investigated the effect of systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI), and neutrophil to high-density lipoprotein ratio (NHR), which is mediated by fasting blood glucose (FBG), on 90-day prognosis of patients with AIS. METHODS: In this pre-specified substudy of an observational cohort study, 2,828 patients with AIS were enrolled from the Nanjing Stroke Registry between January 2017 and July 2021. Peripheral venous blood was collected from patients fasting for at least 8 h within 24 h of admission to gather information on the following parameters: neutrophil count, lymphocyte count, monocyte count, HDL level, and fasting blood glucose level. Then, the SIRI and NHR values were calculated. Following this, the correlation among SIRI, NHR, and modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores 90 days after onset was examined via univariate and multivariate logistic analyses. Lastly, mediation analysis was performed to examine the relationship between systematic inflammatory response and study outcomes mediated by FBG. RESULTS: SIRI and NHR were both negatively correlated with clinical outcomes (p < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis revealed that SIRI and NHR were independently associated with poor outcomes after adjusting for potential confounders. Subgroup analyses further validated these correlations. Meanwhile, mediation analysis corroborated that FBG partially mediated the associations between SIRI and a poor prognosis at 90 days (indirect effect estimate = 0.0038, bootstrap 95% CI 0.001-0.008; direct effect estimate = 0.1719, bootstrap 95% CI 0.1258-0.2179). Besides, FBG also played a mediating role between NHR and poor outcomes (indirect effect estimate = 0.0066, bootstrap 95% CI 0.002-0.120; direct effect estimate = 0.1308, bootstrap 95% CI 0.0934-0.1681). CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrated that SIRI and NHR are positively associated with poor clinical and mortality outcomes at 90 days in AIS patients, which was partially mediated by FBG.
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Several key technologies for advancing biopharmaceutical manufacturing depend on the successful implementation of process analytical technologies that can monitor multiple product quality attributes in a continuous in-line setting. Raman spectroscopy is an emerging technology in the biopharma industry that promises to fit this strategic need, yet its application is not widespread due to limited success for predicting a meaningful number of quality attributes. In this study, we addressed this very problem by demonstrating new capabilities for preprocessing Raman spectra using a series of Butterworth filters. The resulting increase in the number of spectral features is paired with a machine learning algorithm and laboratory automation hardware to drive the automated collection and training of a calibration model that allows for the prediction of 16 different product quality attributes in an in-line mode. The demonstrated ability to generate these Raman-based models for in-process product quality monitoring is the breakthrough to increase process understanding by delivering product quality data in a continuous manner. The implementation of this multiattribute in-line technology will create new workflows within process development, characterization, validation, and control.
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Análise Espectral Raman , Proteína Estafilocócica A , Análise Espectral Raman/métodos , Automação , Cromatografia , Aprendizado de MáquinaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The effectiveness of anti-programmed cell death protein 1(PD-1)/programmed cell death 1 ligand 1(PD-L1) therapy in treating certain types of cancer is associated with the level of PD-L1. However, this relationship has not been observed in colorectal cancer (CRC), and the underlying regulatory mechanism of PD-L1 in CRC remains unclear. METHODS: Binding of TMEM160 to PD-L1 was determined by co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) and GST pull-down assay.The ubiquitination levels of PD-L1 were verified using the ubiquitination assay. Phenotypic experiments were conducted to assess the role of TMEM160 in CRC cells. Animal models were employed to investigate how TMEM160 contributes to tumor growth.The expression and clinical significance of TMEM160 and PD-L1 in CRC tissues were evaluated by immunohistochemistry(IHC). RESULTS: In our study, we made a discovery that TMEM160 interacts with PD-L1 and plays a role in stabilizing its expression within a CRC model. Furthermore, we demonstrated that TMEM160 hinders the ubiquitination-dependent degradation of PD-L1 by competing with SPOP for binding to PD-L1 in CRC cells. Regarding functionality, the absence of TMEM160 significantly inhibited the proliferation, invasion, metastasis, clonogenicity, and radioresistance of CRC cells, while simultaneously enhancing the cytotoxic effect of CD8 + T cells on tumor cells. Conversely, the upregulation of TMEM160 substantially increased these capabilities. In severely immunodeficient mice, tumor growth derived from lentiviral vector shTMEM160 cells was lower compared with that derived from shNC control cells. Furthermore, the downregulation of TMEM160 significantly restricted tumor growth in immune-competent BALB/c mice. In clinical samples from patients with CRC, we observed a strong positive correlation between TMEM160 expression and PD-L1 expression, as well as a negative correlation with CD8A expression. Importantly, patients with high TMEM160 expression exhibited a worse prognosis compared with those with low or no TMEM160 expression. CONCLUSIONS: Our study reveals that TMEM160 inhibits the ubiquitination-dependent degradation of PD-L1 that is mediated by SPOP, thereby stabilizing PD-L1 expression to foster the malignant progress, radioresistance, and immune evasion of CRC cells. These findings suggest that TMEM160 holds potential as a target for the treatment of patients with CRC.
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Neoplasias Colorretais , Animais , Humanos , Camundongos , Antígeno B7-H1/metabolismo , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos , Neoplasias Colorretais/patologia , Linfócitos do Interstício Tumoral , Proteínas Nucleares , Proteínas Repressoras , Evasão TumoralRESUMO
The purpose of this study is to evaluate and analyze the quality of guidelines and expert consensus on clinical practice regarding metabolically associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) over the past five years. Data from the websites were retrieved using computers. We evaluated guidelines and expert consensus on MAFLD that were officially published between January 1, 2018 and March 24, 2023. Two evaluators independently examined the literature and extracted data. The included literature on guidelines and expert consensus was then subjected to quality review and analysis using assessment tools from Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE) II and the Joanna Briggs Institute Qualitative Assessment and Review Instrument (JBI-QARI) (2016). The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) values of all items on the AGREE II scale for the two evaluators were greater than 0.75, indicating a high degree of agreement between their assessments. Scope and purpose (48.90%), participants (49.21%), rigor in the formulation process (56.97%), clarity of expression (90.08%), applicability (66.08%), and independence of file compiling (60.12%) were the AGREE II scoring items with the standardized average scores. Apart from the participants, the average scores of all the scoring items in the guidelines from other countries other than China were higher than those from China (|Z|+>+2.272, p+<+0.05). MAFLD guidelines must be revised to enhance their methodological quality. When creating guidelines, it is recommended that the formulators strictly adhere to the formulation and drafting standards of AGREE II and elevate the quality of the guidelines.
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Consenso , Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto , Humanos , Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto/normas , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/diagnóstico , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/metabolismoRESUMO
Nickel phosphides are of particular interest because they are highly active and stable catalysts for petroleum/biorefinery and hydrogen production. Despite their significant catalytic potential, synthesizing various phase-pure nickel phosphide nanoparticles of uniform size remains a challenge. In this work, we develop a robust trioctylphosphine (TOP)-mediated route to make highly uniform phase-pure Ni12P5, Ni2P, and Ni5P4 nanoparticles. The synthetic route forms amorphous Ni70P30 nanoparticle intermediates. The reactions can be stopped at the amorphous stage when amorphous particles are desired. The amount of P incorporation can be controlled by varying the ratio of TOP to Ni(II). The mechanism for composition control involves the competition of the kinetics of two processes: the addition of the reduced Ni and the incorporation of P into Ni. Uniform Ni70P30 amorphous nanoparticles can be generated at a high TOP-to-Ni(II) ratio, where the P incorporation kinetics is made to dominate. Ni70P30 can later be transformed into phase-pure Ni12P5, Ni2P, and Ni5P4 nanocrystals of uniform size. The transformation can be controlled precisely by modulating the temperature. A UV-vis study coupled with theoretical modeling reveals Ni(0)-TOPx complexes along the synthetic path. This approach may be expanded to create other metal compounds, potentially enabling the synthesis of uniform nanoparticles of a greater variety.
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BACKGROUND: Inflammation and obesity are the risk factors for hyperlipidaemia. Nonetheless, research regarding the association between dietary live microbes intake and hyperlipidaemia is lacking. Therefore, this study focused on revealing the relationship between them and mediating roles of inflammation and obesity. METHODS: Totally 16,677 subjects were enrolled from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (1999-2010 and 2015-2020). To explore the correlation between live microbes and hyperlipidaemia as well as blood lipid levels, respectively, multiple logistic regression and linear regression were employed. Furthermore, the mediating roles of body mass index (BMI), C-reactive protein (Crp) and their chain effect were explored through mediating analysis. RESULTS: High dietary live microbes intake was the protective factor for hyperlipidaemia. In addition, high dietary live microbes intake exhibited a positive relationship to the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) among males (ß = 2.52, 95% CI: 1.29, 3.76, P < 0.0001) and females (ß = 2.22, 95% CI: 1.05, 3.38, P < 0.001), but exhibited a negative correlation with triglyceride (TG) levels in males (ß = -7.37, 95% CI: -13.16, -1.59, P = 0.02) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels in females (ß = -2.75, 95% CI: -5.28, -0.21, P = 0.02). Crp, BMI and their chain effect mediated the relationship between live microbes with HDL-C levels. Moreover, BMI and the chain effect mediated the relationship between live microbes with LDL-C levels. CONCLUSION: Dietary live microbes intake is related to a lower hyperlipidaemia risk. Crp, BMI and their chain effect make a mediating impact on the relationship.
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Índice de Massa Corporal , Proteína C-Reativa , HDL-Colesterol , Hiperlipidemias , Triglicerídeos , Humanos , Proteína C-Reativa/metabolismo , Masculino , Hiperlipidemias/sangue , Hiperlipidemias/dietoterapia , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto , Triglicerídeos/sangue , HDL-Colesterol/sangue , Fatores de Risco , Obesidade/sangue , Obesidade/dietoterapia , Inquéritos Nutricionais , Inflamação/sangue , Dieta , LDL-Colesterol/sangueRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Postoperative performance, including best corrected distance visual acuity (BCDVA) and optical metrics (from the OQAS and iTrace devices), was compared among 4 different intraocular lenses (IOLs). METHODS: This prospective observational study included 104 eyes from 104 subjects who underwent cataract surgery combined with implantation of 4 different IOLs: monofocal (Mon) IOLs, segmental refractive (SegRef) IOLs, diffractive (Dif) IOLs and extended depth of focus (EDoF) IOLs. Postoperative BCDVA and optical metrics were collected at the 6th month. The OQAS optical metrics included the objective scattering index (OSI), Strehl ratio (SR), modulation transfer function (MTF) cut-off frequency, and predicted visual acuity (PVA); the iTrace optical metrics included blur/double vision, glare/halo, starburst, mixed focus, night myopia, and night hyperopia. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in BCDVA among the 4 groups (P = 0.059; power = 70.3%). Differences were observed in all OQAS optical metrics among the groups (all P < 0.001). Overall, Mon IOLs and EDoF IOLs exhibited better performance than Dif IOLs and SegRef IOLs. Starburst was the only iTrace optical metric that differed among the groups (P < 0.001): SegRef IOLs caused more starbursts than Mon IOLs (P = 0.001), Dif IOLs (P = 0.006) and EDoF IOLs (P < 0.001). Spearman rank correlation analysis was used to determine the relationships among the iTrace optical metrics, OQAS optical metrics and BCDVA: starburst was negatively correlated with BCDVA, PVA at contrasts of 100% and 20%, OSI, and MTF cut-off frequency (all P ≤ 0.001); mixed focus was positively correlated with BCDVA, PVA at contrasts of 100% and 20%, OSI, and MTF cut-off frequency (all P ≤ 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Postoperative BCDVA and optical metrics varied among the different IOLs, which should be taken into account in the selection and management of IOLs for cataract patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This study was approved by the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University Ethical Review Board (No. 50 2022).
Assuntos
Lentes Intraoculares , Acuidade Visual , Humanos , Estudos Prospectivos , Acuidade Visual/fisiologia , Feminino , Masculino , Idoso , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Facoemulsificação , Refração Ocular/fisiologia , Implante de Lente Intraocular , Desenho de Prótese , Período Pós-Operatório , Pseudofacia/fisiopatologia , Óptica e FotônicaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical efficacy of transumbilical single-incision laparoscopic surgery in the treatment of complicated appendicitis in overweight/obese adolescents. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 226 adolescent patients with complicated appendicitis who were admitted to our hospital from January 2014 to June 2022. Among them, 102 cases underwent transumbilical single-incision laparoscopic appendectomy as the observation group, and another 124 cases underwent conventional three-port laparoscopic appendectomy as the control group. The surgical time, intraoperative blood loss, duration of incisional pain, postoperative flatus time, length of hospital stay, surgical site infection (SSI), satisfaction with cosmetic result, and occurrence of postoperative complications were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: Both groups completed the surgery smoothly, and there were no statistically significant differences in gender, age, BMI, duration of illness, white blood cell count, and preoperative CRP value between the two groups (P > 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in surgical time and intraoperative blood loss between the two groups (P > 0.05). However, the observation group had shorter hospital stays, shorter duration of incisional pain, shorter postoperative time to flatus, and lower overall postoperative complication rates compared to the control group, with statistically significant differences (P < 0.05). The observation group had higher satisfaction with cosmetic result compared to the control group, with statistically significant differences (P < 0.05). Both groups were followed up for one year postoperatively, and there were no occurrences of residual appendicitis or severe adhesive intestinal obstruction. CONCLUSION: When proficiently mastered, the application of transumbilical single-incision laparoscopy in the treatment of complicated appendicitis in overweight/obese adolescents offers advantages such as minimal trauma, rapid recovery, fewer complications, and improved aesthetic outcomes.