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Adoptive cell therapies for solid tumors are usually limited by off-target antigens, incapable tissue infiltration, and cell function exhaustion. In contrast, bacterial cells possess the inherent competencies of preferential tumor targeting, deep tissue penetration, and high intratumoral bioactivity and represent promising alternatives to overcome these challenges. Here, a sialic-acid-responsive regulatory gene circuit is engineered into Escherichia coli MG1655 to express cytolysin of hemolysin E (HlyE). Furthermore, sialidases are bioorthogonally decorated onto the surface of azido-functionalized bioengineered bacteria for recognizing tumor sialoglycans and cleaving their sialosides into free sialic acids. As chemical inducers, sialic acids feedbackingly activate the bacterial gene circuit to produce HlyE and lyse tumor cells. This study mimics the tumor antigen-induced cytotoxin production and cell lysis that occurs in chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells yet surmounts the intrinsic limitations of adoptive cell therapies. Moreover, sialidase-mediated tumor cell desialylation also reverses the immunosuppressive effect of glycoimmune checkpoints and further improves the therapeutic effect of solid tumors.
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Oxygen vacancy (OV) engineering has been widely applied in different types of metal oxide-based photocatalytic reactions. Our study has shown that the redistributed OVs resulting from voids in CeO2 rods lead to significant differences in the band structure in space. The flat energy band within the highly crystallized bulk region hinders the recombination of photogenerated carrier pairs during the transfer process. The downward curved energy band in the surface region enhances the activation of the absorbents. Therefore, the localization of the band structure through crystal structure regionalization renders V-CeO2 capable of achieving efficient utilization of photogenerated carriers. Practically, the V-CeO2 rod shows a remarkable turnover number of 190.58 µmol g-1 h-1 in CO2 photoreduction, which is â¼9.4 times higher than that of D-CeO2 (20.46 µmol g-1 h-1). The designed modularization structure in our work is expected to provide important inspiration and guidance in coordinating the kinetic behavior of carriers in OV defect-rich photocatalysts.
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Photothermal immunotherapy has become a promising strategy for tumor treatment. However, the intrinsic drawbacks like light instability, poor immunoadjuvant effect, and poor accumulation of conventional inorganic or organic photothermal agents limit their further applications. Based on the superior carrying capacity and active tumor targeting property of living bacteria, an immunoadjuvant-intensified and engineered tumor-targeting bacterium was constructed to achieve effective photothermal immunotherapy. Specifically, immunoadjuvant imiquimod (R837)-loaded thermosensitive liposomes (R837@TSL) were covalently decorated onto Rhodobacter sphaeroides (R.S) to obtain nanoimmunoadjuvant-armed bacteria (R.S-R837@TSL). The intrinsic photothermal property of R.S combined R837@TSL to achieve in situ near-infrared (NIR) laser-controlled release of R837. Meanwhile, tumor immunogenic cell death (ICD) caused by photothermal effect of R.S-R837@TSL, synergizes with released immunoadjuvants to promote maturation of dendritic cells (DCs), which enhance cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) infiltration for further tumor eradication. The photosynthetic bacteria armed with immunoadjuvant-loaded liposomes provide a strategy for immunoadjuvant-enhanced cancer photothermal immunotherapy.
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Nanopartículas , Neoplasias , Rhodobacter sphaeroides , Humanos , Adjuvantes Imunológicos , Lipossomos , Imiquimode , Neoplasias/patologia , Imunoterapia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , FototerapiaRESUMO
The next-generation sequencing technologies application discovers novel genetic alterations frequently in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). RAS signaling pathway mutations at the time of relapse ALL frequently appear as small subclones at the time of onset, which are considered as the drivers in ALL relapse. Whether subclones alterations in the RAS signaling pathway should be considered for risk group stratification of ALL treatment is not decided yet. In this work, we investigate the RAS signaling pathway mutation spectrum and the related prognosis in pediatric ALL. We employed an NGS panel comprising 220 genes. NGS results were collected from 202 pediatric ALL patients. 155 patients (76.7%) harbored at least one mutation. The incidences of RAS signaling pathway mutations are different significantly between T-ALL and B-ALL. In B-ALL, the RAS pathway is mostly involved, and NRAS (17.6%), KRAS (22.7%), and PTPN11 (7.7%) were the three most frequently mutated genes. Co-occurring mutations of CREBBP and NRAS, FLT3, or PTPN11 (p = 0.002, p = 0.009, and p = 0.003, respectively) were found in this cohort. The 3-year RFS rates for the RAS signaling pathway mutation-positive and negative cases was 76.5 % versus 89.7 % (p = 0.012). Four cases relapsed in the lately 3 years were RAS signaling pathway mutation-positive. RAS signaling pathway mutation is an important biomarker for poorer relapse-free survival in pediatric B-ALL patients despite good early MRD levels.
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Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras B , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras , Criança , Humanos , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras B/diagnóstico , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras B/genética , Mutação , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/diagnóstico , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/genética , Transdução de Sinais , Prognóstico , RecidivaRESUMO
Despite its significant potential in various disease treatments and diagnostics, microbiotherapy is consistently plagued by multiple limitations ranging from manufacturing challenges to in vivo functionality. Inspired by the strategy involving nonproliferating yet metabolically active microorganisms, we report an intracellular gelation approach that can generate a synthetic polymer network within bacterial cells to solve these challenges. Specifically, poly(ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) (PEGDA, 700 Da) monomers are introduced into the bacterial cytosol through a single cycle of freeze-thawing followed by the initiation of intracellular free radical polymerization by UV light to create a macromolecular PEGDA gel within the bacterial cytosol. The molecular crowding resulting from intracytoplasmic gelation prohibits bacterial division and confers robust resistance to simulated gastrointestinal fluids and bile acids while retaining the ability to secrete functional proteins. Biocompatibility assessments demonstrate that the nondividing gelatinized bacteria are effective in alleviating systemic inflammation triggered by intravenous Escherichia coli injection. Furthermore, the therapeutic efficacy of gelatinized Lactobacillus rhamnosus in colitis mice provides additional support for this approach. Collectively, intracellular gelation indicates a universal strategy to manufacture next-generation live biotherapeutics for advanced microbiotherapy.
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Escherichia coli , Polietilenoglicóis , Animais , Camundongos , Escherichia coli/efeitos dos fármacos , Polietilenoglicóis/química , Géis/química , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Colite/tratamento farmacológico , Colite/induzido quimicamente , Metacrilatos/químicaRESUMO
The structure of samoquasine A has long been a subject of controversy, which was resolved only upon its successful total synthesis. We examined the structures of the associated compounds using the state-of-the-art SVM-M protocol. The method accurately discriminated all putative structures historically attributed to samoquasine A from a pool of 48 isomeric structures, confirming that samoquasine A is indeed identical to perlolidine. Furthermore, by applying the SVM-M protocol to an additional pool of 67 isomeric structures, we successfully assigned a yet unknown natural product, initially misidentified as perlolidine, as a novel oxime, (E)-3H-cyclopenta[c]quinolin-3-one oxime, representing the first reported cyclone oxime-quinoline natural product.
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PURPOSE: To evaluate the short-term (1 week after completion of treatment) effect of office-based vergence and anti-suppression therapy (OBVAT) on the Office Control Score when compared to observation alone in children with small-to-moderate angle intermittent exotropia (IXT). METHODS: In this single-masked (examiner masked), two-arm, single-centre randomised clinical trial, 40 participants, 6 to <18 years of age with untreated IXT, were randomly assigned to OBVAT or observation alone. Participants assigned to therapy received 60 min of OBVAT with home reinforcement once per week for 16 weeks. Therapy included vergence, accommodation and anti-suppression techniques. The primary outcome measure was the comparison of the distance Office Control Score between the two groups at the primary outcome visit (i.e., 17-week follow-up visit). RESULTS: At the primary outcome visit, the OBVAT group (n = 20) had a significantly better distance Office Control Score (adjusted mean difference: -0.9; 95% CI: -0.2 to -1.5; p = 0.008; partial eta squared: 0.19) than the observation group (n = 16). Participants from the OBVAT group were more likely than those from the observation group to have ≥1 point of improvement at the 17-week visit (OBVAT group: 75%; Observation group: 25%; p = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS: In this randomised clinical trial of participants aged 6 to <18 years with IXT, we found that the OBVAT group had a significantly better distance Office Control Score than the observation group at the 17-week visit. This study provides the first data from a randomised clinical trial demonstrating the effectiveness of OBVAT for improving the control of IXT. Eye care practitioners should consider OBVAT as a viable, non-surgical treatment option for IXT. A full-scale randomised clinical trial investigating the long-term effectiveness of OBVAT in treating IXT is warranted.
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Exotropia , Criança , Humanos , Adolescente , Ortóptica/métodos , Acomodação Ocular , Visão BinocularRESUMO
Chronic inflammation and hypoxia in the microenvironment of diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) can result in sustained vascular impairment, hindering tissue regeneration. While both nitric oxide and oxygen have been shown to promote wound healing in DFUs through anti-inflammatory and neovascularization, there is currently no available therapy that delivers both. We present a novel hydrogel consisting of Weissella and Chlorella, which alternates between nitric oxide and oxygen production to reduce chronic inflammation and hypoxia. Further experiments indicate that the hydrogel accelerates wound closure, re-epithelialization, and angiogenesis in diabetic mice and improves the survival of skin grafts. This dual-gas therapy holds promise as a potential treatment option for the management of diabetic wounds.
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Chlorella , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental , Pé Diabético , Animais , Camundongos , Óxido Nítrico/uso terapêutico , Oxigênio , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/terapia , Cicatrização , Hidrogéis/uso terapêutico , Pé Diabético/terapia , Hipóxia , InflamaçãoRESUMO
Microorganism-mediated self-assembling of living formulations holds great promise for disease therapy. Here, we constructed a prebiotic-probiotic living capsule (PPLC) by coculturing probiotics (EcN) with Gluconacetobacter xylinus (G. xylinus) in a prebiotic-containing fermentation broth. Through shaking the culture, G. xylinus secretes cellulose fibrils that can spontaneously encapsulate EcN to form microcapsules under shear forces. Additionally, the prebiotic present in the fermentation broth is incorporated into the bacterial cellulose network through van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonding. Afterward, the microcapsules were transferred to a selective LB medium, which facilitated the colonization of dense probiotic colonies within them. The in vivo study demonstrated that PPLC-containing dense colonies of EcN can antagonize intestinal pathogens and restore microbiota homeostasis by showing excellent therapeutic performance in treating enteritis mice. The in situ self-assembly of probiotics and prebiotics-based living materials provides a promising platform for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.
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Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais , Prebióticos , Animais , Camundongos , Cápsulas , Técnicas de Cocultura , CeluloseRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Dental caries in young children is a difficult global oral health problem. In the last decade, China has put a great deal of effort into reducing the prevalence of dental caries. This study, which is part of the China Population Chronic Disease and Nutrition Surveillance 2021, aimed to investigate the prevalence of dental caries among children aged 5 in Shanghai, China, and its associated factors. METHODS: A total of 1281 children aged 5 years from 6 districts in Shanghai were selected by a stratified sampling method. The survey consisted of an oral health questionnaire and an oral health examination. The questionnaire included questions on oral health knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours. The oral health examination used WHO standards. After screening, the data were input and analysed. Chi-square tests and logistic regression analyses were used to study the relevant factors affecting dental caries. RESULTS: The prevalence of dental caries among 1281 children was 51.0%, the dmft index score was 2.46, the Significant Caries Index (SiC) score was 6.39, and the SiC10 score was 10.35. Dental caries experience was related to the frequency of sweet drink consumption, the age of starting tooth brushing, eating habits after brushing, whether the children had received an oral examination provided by the government (p < 0.05), and the mother's education level but was not related to sex, the use of fluoride toothpaste, the frequency of brushing, whether the parents assisted brushing, or the frequency of flossing (p > 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that the region of residence, eating after brushing and the age of starting brushing were associated with dental caries. CONCLUSIONS: Dental caries remained prevalent among 5-year-old children in Shanghai, China. Prevention strategies that target the associated factors including region of residence, eating after brushing, and the age of starting brushing should be considered.
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Cárie Dentária , Humanos , Pré-Escolar , Cárie Dentária/epidemiologia , Cárie Dentária/prevenção & controle , China/epidemiologia , Índice CPO , Estudos Transversais , Saúde Bucal , PrevalênciaRESUMO
Two-dimensional La2Ti2O7 nanosheets with regular morphology and good dispersion were prepared by the hydrothermal method under a magnetic field. Zero-dimensional Pt quantum dots (Pt-QDs) were loaded on the La2Ti2O7 nanosheets. The electron-hole separation and carrier transfer in the Pt-loaded La2Ti2O7 nanosheets were significantly enhanced. The La2Ti2O7 nanosheets loaded with 3 wt% Pt-QDs exhibit the largest NO removal efficiency of 51% and less than 3.2 ppb NO2 intermediate pollutant in 30 min. The high photocatalytic ability was attributed to the surface plasmon resonance in Pt-QDs and the enhanced electron-hole separation. A large number of e-, h+, â¢OH and â¢O2- active species were formed on the surface of Pt-loaded La2Ti2O7 nanosheets under light irradiation. The conversion pathway from NO to NO3- was verified by the in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier-transform spectroscopy and DFT calculation. This work supplies a feasible approach to responsive photocatalysts for efficient, stable, and selective NO removal avoiding the NO2 secondary pollutant.
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Pontos Quânticos , Pontos Quânticos/química , Luz , Dióxido de Nitrogênio , TitânioRESUMO
The chemotherapeutic effectiveness of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is severely hampered by insufficient intratumoral delivery of antitumor drugs. Here, we demonstrate that enhanced pancreatic cancer chemotherapy can be achieved by probiotic spore-based oral drug delivery system via gut-pancreas axis translocation. Clostridium butyricum spores resistant to harsh external stress are extracted as drug carriers, which are further covalently conjugated with gemcitabine-loaded mesoporous silicon nanoparticles (MGEM). The spore-based oral drug delivery system (SPORE-MGEM) migrates upstream into pancreatic tumors from the gut, which increases intratumoral drug accumulation by â¼3-fold compared with MGEM. In two orthotopic PDAC mice models, tumor growth is markedly suppressed by SPORE-MGEM without obvious side effects. Leveraging the biological contact of the gut-pancreas axis, this probiotic spore-based oral drug delivery system reveals a new avenue for enhancing PDAC chemotherapy.
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Carcinoma Ductal Pancreático , Neoplasias Pancreáticas , Probióticos , Camundongos , Animais , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Esporos Bacterianos , Carcinoma Ductal Pancreático/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/patologia , Sistemas de Liberação de Medicamentos , Pâncreas/patologia , Neoplasias PancreáticasRESUMO
The chemotherapy efficacy of nanodrugs is restricted by poor tumor targeting and uptake. Here, an engineered biohybrid living material (designated as EcN@HPB) is constructed by integrating paclitaxel and BAY-876 bound human serum albumin nanodrugs (HPB) with Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN). Due to the inherent tumor tropism of EcN, EcN@HPB could actively target the tumor site and competitively deprive glucose through bacterial respiration. Thus, albumin would be used as an alternative nutrient source for tumor metabolism, which significantly promotes the internalization of HPB by tumor cells. Subsequently, BAY-876 internalized along with HPB nanodrugs would further depress glucose uptake of tumor cells via inhibiting glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1). Together, the decline of glucose bioavailability of tumor cells would activate and promote the macropinocytosis in an AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-dependent manner, resulting in more uptake of HPB by tumor cells and boosting the therapeutic outcome of paclitaxel.
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Infecções por Escherichia coli , Nanopartículas , Neoplasias , Humanos , Disponibilidade Biológica , Escherichia coli/genética , Escherichia coli/metabolismo , Glucose/metabolismo , Nanopartículas/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Paclitaxel/farmacologia , Paclitaxel/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
Type II p-n heterojunction and direct Z-scheme heterojunction are identical staggered band alignments, but were reported ambiguously in many composite photocatalysts because their carriers migrate in opposite directions. In this research, metal oxides CuO, NiO and Co3O4-based heterojunctions with Na0.9Mg0.45Ti3.55O8(NMTO) were synthesized via a simple hydrothermal method. The CuO/NMTO heterojunction was demonstrated as a direct Z-scheme heterojunction, whereas the NiO/NMTO and Co3O4/NMTO heterojunctions showed type II p-n band alignment, distinguished by the direct observation of carrier migration under light illumination, and confirmed by the x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Mott-Schottky measurements, ultraviolet photoelectron spectra and capture experiments. These all heterojunctions enjoyed better photocatalytic performance to degrade methylene blue and antibiotics (Enrofloxacin, Metronidazole and tetracycline) than the pure NMTO, attributed to their effective separation of the photoinduced electron-hole pairs owing to the staggered band alignment. Prominently, the NiO/NMTO and Co3O4/NMTO p-n heterojunctions exhibited superior degradation ability to the CuO/NMTO Z-scheme heterojunction. The initial relative Fermi position of two semiconductors is the prerequisite to determine whether the p-n heterojunction or direct Z-scheme heterojunction is built because the electrons diffuse from one semiconductor with a higher Fermi level to another with a lower Fermi level while the holes diffuse reversely until a united Fermi level when they combine. The built-in electric field at the heterojunction interface is determined by the difference in the initial Fermi levels or work functions of two semiconductors, regulating the separation ability of photogenerated electrons and holes to affect the photocatalytic performance. Thus, the high difference in the initial Fermi levels of semiconductors is crucial in the development of heterojunctions with staggered band alignment to obtain high performance in photocatalytic reactions.
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Novel K0.8Ni0.4Ti1.6O4 (KNTO) nano bamboo leaves were prepared for the first time under a simple hydrothermal method with 3 M KOH at 320 °C over 80 min. Highly pure KNTO possessing layered structure was determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM). Double absorption feature of KNTO semiconductor was revealed at band energies of 1.88 and 2.08 eV by the UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectra and confirmed by the photoluminescence (PL) spectra. The photocatalytic activity was explored by the photodegradation of MB organic dye. KNTO not only exhibits strong adsorptive ability on methylene blue (MB) in dark environment, but also possesses good photodegradation capability of 94% degradation in 60 min. Degradation mechanism revealed that the photogenerated holes play an essential role in the MB degradation process, which is confirmed by trapping experiments. The recycling experiments demonstrated very high recycling ability and durability of KNTO nano bamboo leaves, suggesting KNTO is a potential candidate for high efficiency organic pollutant removal in the wastewater treatment.
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Poluentes Ambientais , Titânio , Catálise , Azul de Metileno/química , Fotólise , Folhas de PlantaRESUMO
PURPOSE: To evaluate the reliability of the step vergence method in measuring fusional vergence in subjects with intermittent exotropia. METHODS: Thirty-two Chinese participants aged 7-20 years with intermittent exotropia (excluding the convergence insufficiency type) were enrolled in this prospective study. At the eligibility screening, visual acuity, cover test and the Office Control Score were performed. For eligible participants at study visit 1, negative and positive fusional vergence at distance and near, eye dominance and the fusion maintenance test were performed. All eligible participants returned for study visit 2 on the same day (2-4 h later), and the testing was repeated. The primary outcome measures were the intra-class correlation coefficient, coefficient of repeatability and smallest detectable change in the break and recovery points of negative and positive fusional vergence between the two study visits. RESULTS: The intra-class correlation coefficient for different vergence parameters ranged from 0.64 to 0.87. The coefficient of repeatability and the smallest detectable change for the distance positive fusional vergence break point were ±20.5 and 13.1 ∆, respectively. There was no significant difference in any vergence parameter between the first and second visits. The coefficient of repeatability and the smallest detectable change in all distance vergence parameters were high when compared to the mean value. The association between distance vergence parameters and the Office Control Score was significant only when including subjects who failed to fuse at the beginning of the test. CONCLUSION: The data demonstrate that measurement of fusional vergence with a prism bar has low repeatability in subjects with intermittent exotropia. In these individuals, convergence ability at distance is compromised, whereas other vergence parameters are not adversely affected. While the step vergence method is a valuable test in daily practice, caution is warranted when using it in clinical research.
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Exotropia , Transtornos da Motilidade Ocular , Doença Crônica , Convergência Ocular , Exotropia/diagnóstico , Humanos , Estudos Prospectivos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Visão Binocular , Acuidade VisualRESUMO
Microorganisms have been extensively applied as active biotherapeutic agents or drug delivery vehicles for antitumor treatment because of their unparalleled bio-functionalities. Taking advantage of the living attributes of microorganisms, a new avenue has been opened in anticancer research. The integration of customized functional materials with living microorganisms has demonstrated unprecedented potential in solving existing questions and even conferring microorganisms with updated antitumor abilities and has also provided an innovative train of thought for enhancing the efficacy of microorganism-based tumor therapy. In this review, we have summarized the emerging development of customized materials-assisted microorganisms (MAMO) (including bacteria, viruses, fungi, microalgae, as well as their components) in tumor therapeutics with an emphasis on the rational utilization of chosen microorganisms and tailored materials, the ingenious design of biohybrid systems, and the efficacious antitumor mechanisms. The future perspectives and challenges in this field are also discussed.
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Microalgas , Neoplasias , Vírus , Bactérias , Fungos , Humanos , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
Engineered bacteria are promising bioagents to synthesize antitumor drugs at tumor sites with the advantages of avoiding drug leakage and degradation during delivery. Here, we report an optically controlled material-assisted microbial system by biosynthesizing gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on the surface of Shewanella algae K3259 (S. algae) to obtain Bac@Au. Leveraging the dual directional electron transport mechanism of S. algae, the hybrid biosystem enhances in situ synthesis of antineoplastic tetrodotoxin (TTX) for a promising antitumor effect. Because of tumor hypoxia-targeting feature of facultative anaerobic S. algae, Bac@Au selectively target and colonize at tumor. Upon light irradiation, photoelectrons produced by AuNPs deposited on bacterial surface are transferred into bacterial cytoplasm and participate in accelerated cell metabolism to increase the production of TTX for antitumor therapy. The optically controlled material-assisted microbial system enhances the efficiency of bacterial drug synthesis in situ and provides an antitumor strategy that could broaden conventional therapy boundaries.
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Nanopartículas Metálicas , Shewanella , Ouro , TetrodotoxinaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Lp(a) and LDL-C are both risk factors of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). But there was a contradiction point in LDL-C and Lp(a) control. The appropriate level of LDL-C and Lp(a) in the prevention of ASCVD is still pending. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the correlation of Lp(a) and coronary atherosclerotic lesion, and find out the balance point in LDL-C and Lp(a) control. METHOD: 3449 patients were divided to coronary atherosclerotic heart disease (CAHD) Group and Non-CAHD Group based on the result of coronary angiography. The clinical characteristics were compared, and Logistic regressions were applied to find the CAHD risk factors in total, High-LDL-C Group (LDL-C ≥ 100 mg/dL) and Low-LDL-C Group (LDL-C < 100 mg/dL) patients. Spearman correlation analysis of Lp(a), LDL-C and Gensini Score was performed in patients with different LDL-C concentration. RESULTS: Except male and diabetes, the traditional CAHD risk factors were well matched between two groups. But triglyceride, LDL-C and Lp(a) were higher, HDL-C and Apo-A1 were lower in CAHD group (2771). In the Logistic regression analysis, diabetes, LDL-C and Lp(a) are risk factors of CAHD in all patients, while in High-LDL-C Group, they were age, LDL-C, non-HDL-C and ApoB, in Low-LDL-C Group, they were age, Lp(a) and ApoB. Lp(a) correlated with Gensini with coefficient r = 0.41 in all patients, 0.67 in Low-LDL-C Group and 0.32 in High-LDL-C Group. The coefficient r for Lp(a) and Gensini decreased, while the r for LDL-C and Gensini increased with LDL-C concentration increasing. The two fitted lines of rs crossed at LDL-C = 2.7 mmol/L (104 mg/dL). CONCLUSION: Lp(a) was the risk factor of CAHD in patients with LDL-C < 100 mg/dL. The correlation between Lp(a) and Gensini was influenced by LDL-C concentration, and the correlation was stronger than LDL-C when LDL-C < 104 mg/dl.
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LDL-Colesterol/sangue , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/sangue , Estenose Coronária/sangue , Dislipidemias/sangue , Lipoproteína(a)/sangue , Idoso , Biomarcadores/sangue , Angiografia Coronária , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/diagnóstico por imagem , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/etiologia , Estenose Coronária/diagnóstico por imagem , Estenose Coronária/etiologia , Estudos Transversais , Dislipidemias/complicações , Dislipidemias/diagnóstico , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prognóstico , Medição de Risco , Fatores de Risco , Índice de Gravidade de DoençaRESUMO
PURPOSE: To evaluate the reliability of the Bagolini filter bar and striated lenses for measuring the fusion maintenance score, which is the ability of participants with intermittent exotropia to maintain normal sensorimotor fusion. METHODS: Thirty-two Chinese participants aged 7-20 years with intermittent exotropia (excluding the convergence insufficiency type) were enrolled in this prospective study. At the eligibility screening, visual acuity, cover test and assessment of the office control score were performed. At study visit 1, eligible participants underwent negative and positive fusional vergence tests at far and near, eye dominance test and the fusion maintenance test. All eligible participants returned for study visit 2 on the same day (2-4 h later) and the testing was repeated. The primary outcome measure was the intra-class correlation coefficient of the fusion maintenance score between the two study visits. RESULTS: The intra-class correlation coefficient of the fusion maintenance score was 0.84, indicating good reliability. There was no significant difference (mean difference = 0.05, p = 0.95) between the fusion maintenance scores for the first (5.62) and second study visits (5.57). The coefficient of repeatability and the smallest detectable change for the fusion maintenance scores were 7.6 and 6.3, respectively. The fusion maintenance score was significantly associated with the distance (Spearman correlation -0.57, p < 0.001) and near (Spearman correlation -0.4, p = 0.02) office control scores. CONCLUSION: These data demonstrate that the fusion maintenance score is a reliable tool to evaluate sensorimotor fusion in intermittent exotropia. These results suggest that the fusion maintenance score may be a useful outcome measure in future clinical trials to evaluate the effectiveness of treatments for intermittent exotropia.