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1.
Am J Emerg Med ; 70: 113-118, 2023 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37270850

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Type A Aortic Dissection (TAAD) is a surgical emergency with a time-dependent rate of mortality. We hypothesized that a direct-to-operating room (DOR) transfer program for patients with TAAD would reduce time to intervention. METHODS: A DOR program was started at an urban tertiary care hospital in February 2020. We performed a retrospective study of adult patients undergoing treatment for TAAD before (n = 42) and after (n = 84) implementation of DOR. Expected mortality was calculated using the International Registry of Acute Aortic Dissection risk prediction model. RESULTS: Median time from acceptance of transfer from emergency physician to operating room arrival was 1.37 h (82 min) faster in DOR compared to pre-DOR (1.93 h vs 3.30 h, p < 0.001). Median time from arrival to operating room was 1.14 h (72 min) faster after DOR compared to pre-DOR (0.17 h vs 1.31 h, p < 0.001). In-hospital mortality was 16.2% in pre-DOR, with an observed-to-expected (O/E) ratio of 1.03 (p = 0.24) and 12.0% in the DOR group, with an O/E ratio of 0.59 (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Creation of a DOR program resulted in decreased time to intervention. This was associated with a decrease in observed-to-expected operative mortality. The transfer of patients with acute type A aortic dissection to centers with direct-to-OR programs may result in decreased time from diagnosis to surgery.


Assuntos
Dissecção Aórtica , Salas Cirúrgicas , Adulto , Humanos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Dissecção Aórtica/cirurgia , Aorta/cirurgia , Mortalidade Hospitalar , Resultado do Tratamento
2.
J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol ; 33(8): 1961-1965, 2022 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35695792

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a growing health problem and is associated with increased risk of stroke. The Cox-Maze surgical procedure has offered the highest success rate, but utilization of this technique is low due to procedure invasiveness and complexity. Advances in catheter ablation and minimally invasive surgical techniques offer new options for AF treatment. METHODS: In this review, we describe current trends and outcomes of minimally invasive treatment of persistent and long-standing persistent AF. RESULTS: Treatment of persistent and long-standing persistent AF can be successfully treated using a team approach combining cardiac surgery and electrophysiology procedures. With this approach, the 1-year freedom from AF off antiarrhythmic drugs was 85%. DISCUSSION: There are a variety of techniques and approaches used around the world as technology evolves to help develop new treatment strategies for AF. Our report will focus on a hybrid treatment approach using surgical and electrophysiology approaches providing enhanced treatment options by replicating Cox-Maze IV lesions using skills from each specialty. Closure of the left atrial appendage as part of these procedures enhances protection from late stroke. A team approach provides a cohesive evaluation, treatment, and monitoring plan for patients. Development of successful, less invasive treatment options will help address the growing population of patients with AF.


Assuntos
Fibrilação Atrial , Ablação por Cateter , Acidente Vascular Cerebral , Fibrilação Atrial/diagnóstico , Fibrilação Atrial/etiologia , Fibrilação Atrial/cirurgia , Ablação por Cateter/efeitos adversos , Ablação por Cateter/métodos , Humanos , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/etiologia , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/prevenção & controle , Toracoscopia/efeitos adversos , Toracoscopia/métodos , Resultado do Tratamento
3.
J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol ; 33(8): 1966-1977, 2022 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35695795

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: The notion that medically-refractory arrhythmias might one day be amenable to interventional therapy slowly began to appear in the early 1960's. At that time, there were no "interventional electrophysiologists" or "arrhythmia surgeons" and there was little appreciation of the relationship between anatomy and electrophysiology outside the heart's specialized conduction system. METHODS: In this review, we describe the evolution of collaboration between electrophysiologists and surgeons. RESULTS: Although accessory atrio-ventricular (AV) connections were first identified in 1893 and the Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome was described 37 years later (1930), it was another 37 years (1967) before those anatomic AV connections were proven to be responsible for the clinical syndrome. The success of the subsequent surgical procedures for the WPW syndrome, AV node reentry tachycardia, automatic atrial tachycardias, ischemic and non-ischemic ventricular tachycardias and atrial fibrillation over the next two decades depended on a close, sometimes daily, collaboration between electrophysiologists and surgeons. In the past two decades, that tight collaboration was largely abandoned until the recent introduction of "hybrid procedures" for the treatment of atrial fibrillation. CONCLUSIONS: A retrospective assessment of the 50 years of interventional therapy for arrhythmias clearly demonstrates the clinical benefits of a close collaboration between electrophysiologists and arrhythmia surgeons, regardless of which one is actually performing the intervention.


Assuntos
Fibrilação Atrial , Cirurgiões , Taquicardia por Reentrada no Nó Atrioventricular , Síndrome de Wolff-Parkinson-White , Humanos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Síndrome de Wolff-Parkinson-White/diagnóstico , Síndrome de Wolff-Parkinson-White/cirurgia
4.
Transpl Infect Dis ; 24(6): e13972, 2022 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36169219

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Many institutions suspended surveillance and contact precautions for multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) at the outset of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic due to a lack of resources. Once our institution reinstated surveillance in September 2020, a vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) faecium outbreak was detected in the cardiothoracic transplant units, a population in which we had not previously detected outbreaks. METHODS: An outbreak investigation was conducted using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis for strain typing and electronic medical record review to determine the clinical characteristics of involved patients. The infection prevention (IP) team convened a multidisciplinary process improvement team comprised of IP, cardiothoracic transplant nursing and medical leadership, environmental services, and the microbiology laboratory. RESULTS: Between December 2020 and March 2021, the outbreak involved thirteen patients in the cardiothoracic transplant units, four index cases, and nine transmissions. Of the 13, seven (54%) were on the transplant service, including heart and lung transplant recipients, patients with ventricular assist devices, and a patient on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation as a bridge to lung transplantation. Four of 13 (31%) developed a clinical infection. DISCUSSION: Cardiothoracic surgery/transplant patients may have a similar risk for VRE-associated morbidity as abdominal solid organ transplant and stem cell transplant patients, highlighting the need for aggressive outbreak management when VRE transmission is detected. Our experience demonstrates an unintended consequence of discontinuing MDRO surveillance in this population and highlights a need for education, monitoring, and reinforcement of foundational infection prevention measures to ensure optimal outcomes.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Infecção Hospitalar , Enterococcus faecium , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Positivas , Enterococos Resistentes à Vancomicina , Humanos , Vancomicina/uso terapêutico , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Pandemias/prevenção & controle , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana Múltipla , COVID-19/epidemiologia , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , Surtos de Doenças , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Positivas/epidemiologia , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Positivas/prevenção & controle , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Positivas/tratamento farmacológico , Infecção Hospitalar/epidemiologia , Infecção Hospitalar/prevenção & controle
5.
J Card Surg ; 36(4): 1441-1447, 2021 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33567130

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Shorter length of stay (LOS) is a welcome consequence of optimized perioperative care. However, accelerated hospital discharge may have unintended consequences. Before implementing an institutional enhanced recovery after surgery protocol, we evaluated the safety of shorter LOS and compared outcomes of patients with shorter LOS (LOS ≤ 3 days) to those with longer LOS (LOS > 3 days). METHODS: We identified all patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass between July 2004 and June 2017. Transcatheter approaches, ventricular assist devices, transplants, and traumas were excluded. Patients were divided into two cohorts, one with shorter hospitalizations (LOS ≤ 3 days) and one with longer hospitalizations (LOS > 3 days). Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed and differences between the two groups were compared. RESULTS: A total of 5,987 patients (63.0 ± 13.8 years old, 34% female) were identified and 131 (2.2%) patients were LOS ≤ 3 days; median STS Risk score was 1.2 (0.6-2.4). PSM resulted in a total of 478 patients (357 LOS > 3 and 121 LOS ≤ 3 days); median STS Risk score was 0.4 (0.3-0.9). LOS ≤ 3 days had lower rates of postoperative atrial fibrillation (2% vs. 19%; p < .001) and major in-hospital complications (0% vs. 9%; p = .001); however, 30-day readmissions (8% LOS ≤ 3 vs. 6% LOS > 3 days; p = .66) and mortality rates (0% vs. 0%) were comparable between the two groups. CONCLUSION: LOS ≤ 3 days was associated with less postoperative atrial fibrillation and fewer major in-hospital complications. LOS ≤ 3 days was not associated with rehospitalization or mortality. Shorter LOS after elective cardiac surgery appears to be a safe practice with favorable outcomes, especially in low operative risk patients.


Assuntos
Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos , Alta do Paciente , Idoso , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Eletivos , Feminino , Humanos , Tempo de Internação , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos
6.
J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol ; 31(8): 2172-2178, 2020 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32096258

RESUMO

Surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF) in conjunction with other cardiac surgery is now a class I guideline recommendation. Multiple studies have demonstrated that the concomitant surgical ablation of AF can be performed safely and effectively during valve and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) resulting in a return to sinus rhythm postoperatively and improved long-term results. However, the surgical ablation of AF at the time of other cardiac surgery is performed less often than it should be, especially in patients undergoing CABG and aortic valve surgery. Randomized-controlled trials designed to determine the effect of treating AF concomitantly with other cardiac surgical procedures have lacked long-term follow up, but multiple, large observational studies have demonstrated an improved quality of life, a decrease in long-term strokes, and improved late survival in patients who undergo AF ablation. However, the potential survival benefit of concomitant AF ablation was not addressed by either the Society of Thoracic Surgery or American Association for Thoracic Surgery guideline committees. Left atrial appendage closure is an important part of the surgical ablation of AF as it significantly reduces the long-term risk of stroke following cardiac surgery and improves the success of AF treatment. In this study, we update the electrophysiology and surgical community on the recommended surgical techniques for AF ablation and its effect on perioperative morbidity, perioperative mortality, as well as its long-term effects on stroke, quality of life, and survival.


Assuntos
Fibrilação Atrial , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos , Ablação por Cateter , Cirurgia Torácica , Valva Aórtica/cirurgia , Fibrilação Atrial/diagnóstico , Fibrilação Atrial/cirurgia , Ablação por Cateter/efeitos adversos , Ponte de Artéria Coronária/efeitos adversos , Humanos , Qualidade de Vida , Resultado do Tratamento
7.
J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol ; 31(8): 2118-2127, 2020 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32162761

RESUMO

In the 1980s when surgery was first introduced for the treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF), one would often hear comments like "Every little old grandmother has AF. Why on earth would you operate on someone like that?".


Assuntos
Fibrilação Atrial , Ablação por Cateter , Fibrilação Atrial/diagnóstico , Fibrilação Atrial/cirurgia , Catéteres , Átrios do Coração , Sistema de Condução Cardíaco/cirurgia , Humanos , Resultado do Tratamento
8.
Pacing Clin Electrophysiol ; 42(2): 146-152, 2019 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30548869

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is increasingly used to treat severe aortic stenosis. A frequent complication of TAVR is high-grade or complete atrioventricular (AV) block requiring a permanent pacemaker (PPM). There are little data on the long-term dependency on pacing after TAVR. The objective of this study was to determine the proportion of patients receiving a PPM for high-grade or complete AV block after TAVR who remain dependent on the PPM in follow-up and to determine any risk factors for, particularly the effect of postballoon dilation (PBD) on, pacemaker dependency. METHODS: Of 594 consecutive patients without prior PPM undergoing TAVR (81.9% balloon-expandable, 18.1% self-expandable valve), 67 (13.1%) received a PPM after TAVR. PPM dependency was defined as AV block with a ventricular escape rate of ≤ 40 beats/min. Patient and procedural characteristics were examined according to PPM dependency status. RESULTS: Of the 67 patients who received a PPM within 10 days after TAVR, 27/67 (40.3%) were dependent at first follow-up and only 9/41 (21.9%) at 1 year. PPM dependency was more common after a self-expanding valve (76.9% vs 31.5%, P < 0.01), in those who underwent PBD (66.7% vs 24.4%, P < 0.01), and in patients in persistent complete AV block at PPM implantation (62.5% vs 7.4%, P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Fewer than half of patients who receive a new PPM following TAVR are pacemaker dependent at early follow-up (< 30 days). The use of self-expanding valves and PBD are associated with a markedly increased risk of PPM dependency.


Assuntos
Bloqueio Atrioventricular/etiologia , Bloqueio Atrioventricular/terapia , Marca-Passo Artificial , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/etiologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/terapia , Substituição da Valva Aórtica Transcateter/efeitos adversos , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Bloqueio Atrioventricular/fisiopatologia , Feminino , Sistema de Condução Cardíaco , Humanos , Masculino , Marca-Passo Artificial/efeitos adversos , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/fisiopatologia , Recuperação de Função Fisiológica , Estudos Retrospectivos , Medição de Risco , Fatores de Risco
10.
Curr Atheroscler Rep ; 18(5): 27, 2016 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27021619

RESUMO

Severe aortic stenosis (AS) is a life-threatening condition when left untreated. Aortic valve replacement (AVR) is the gold standard treatment for the majority of patients; however, transcatheter aortic valve implantation/replacement (TAVI/TAVR) has emerged as the preferred treatment for high-risk or inoperable patients. The concept of transcatheter heart valves originated in the 1960s and has evolved into the current Edwards Sapien and Medtronic CoreValve platforms available for clinical use. Complications following TAVI, including cerebrovascular events, perivalvular regurgitation, vascular injury, and heart block have decreased with experience and evolving technology, such that ongoing trials studying TAVI in lower risk patients have become tenable. The multidisciplinary team involving the cardiac surgeon and cardiologist plays an essential role in patient selection, procedural conduct, and perioperative care.


Assuntos
Estenose da Valva Aórtica/cirurgia , Valva Aórtica/cirurgia , Substituição da Valva Aórtica Transcateter/métodos , Cateterismo Cardíaco , Humanos , Seleção de Pacientes , Complicações Pós-Operatórias
12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38950772

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Aortic root replacement requires construction of a composite valve-graft and reimplantation of coronary arteries. This study assessed the feasibility of valve-in-valve transcatheter aortic valve implantation after aortic root replacement. METHODS: A retrospective review was conducted on 74 consecutive patients who received a composite valve-graft at a single institution from 2019 to 2021. Forty patients had bioprosthetic valves with adequate postoperative gated computed tomographic angiography scans. Computational simulations of balloon and self-expanding transcatheter valve deployments were performed. The modeled coronary distances were compared with traditional, manually measured valve-to-coronary distances. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant difference in the modeled versus manual measurements of valve to coronary distances for all patients regardless of valve type or coronary artery analyzed (P < .05). Most patients are low risk for coronary obstruction per 3-dimensional modeling, including those with a valve-to-coronary distance <4 mm. Only 1 patient (2.5%) was at risk for coronary obstruction for the left coronary artery using a balloon valve. No other valve combination was considered high risk of coronary obstruction. Five patients (12.5%) were at risk for possible valve stent deformation at the outflow, due to angulation at the graft anastomosis. CONCLUSIONS: Following aortic root replacement, all patients were candidates for valve-in-valve procedure using 1 or both types of transcatheter heart valves. Self-expanding valves may be at higher risk for stent frame deformation at graft anastomotic lines and balloon-expandable valves may be at higher risk of coronary obstruction.

13.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37866773

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: New permanent pacemaker (PPM) implantation after concomitant atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation has been associated with surgical ablation (SA). We sought to determine factors for PPM use as well as early rhythm recovery. METHODS: From 2004 through 2019, 6135 patients underwent valve surgery and were grouped: No AF (n = 4584), AF no SA (n = 346), and AF with SA (n = 1205) to evaluate predischarge PPM and 3-month rhythm recovery (intrinsic heart rate >40 beats per minute). RESULTS: Overall, 282 (4.6%) patients required a predischarge PPM: atrioventricular node dysfunction in 75.3%, sick sinus syndrome in 19.1%, both (5%), and indeterminate (0.7%). Patients with AF had more PPMs: AF with SA (7.9%) versus AF no SA (6.9%) versus No AF (3.6%) (P < .001). For patients with AF, PPM rates were not significantly higher for ablation patients (7.6% SA vs 6.9% AF no SA; P = .56). There were differences in PPM by SA lesion set (biatrial 12.8%; left atrial only 6.1%; pulmonary vein isolation 3.0%; P < .001). Among patients with AF treated with 3-month PPM follow-up, rhythm recovery was common (35 out of 62 [56.5%]) and did not differ by lesion set. Rhythm recovery was seen in 63 out of 141 (44.7%) in the atrioventricular node dysfunction group versus 24 out of 35 (68.6%) in the sick sinus syndrome group (P = .011). In propensity score-matched groups, late survival was similar (P = .63) for new PPM patients. CONCLUSIONS: Avoiding conduction system trauma and delaying implantation reduces the need for postoperative PPM. Rhythm recovery within 3 months is frequent, especially for patients with sick sinus syndrome. A conservative approach to the implantation of a new PPMs is warranted.

14.
Ann Thorac Surg ; 114(4): 1334-1340, 2022 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35421355

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Retained blood syndrome (RBS) encompasses complications, acute and chronic, related to inflammation created by retained intrathoracic blood after cardiac surgery. Reports suggest that active chest tube clearance devices reduce RBS and may lower the rates of reoperation for bleeding and postoperative atrial fibrillation. METHODS: In a prospective study (April 2015-October 2017), 1367 patients meeting the study inclusion criteria (1113 control subjects with conventional chest tubes and 254 patients with active chest tube clearance devices [the ATC group]) underwent cardiac surgery through primary sternotomy. RESULTS: Groups were similar in their preoperative and intraoperative characteristics. No differences were found in overall RBS occurrence (4.3% in the ATC group vs 5.3% in the control group; P = .527), including the components of reexploration for bleeding (2.0% [5/254] for the ATC group and 2.4% [27/1113] for the control group; P = .664) and pleural effusion requiring intervention (3.1% [8/254] vs 3.6% [40/1113]; P = .729). Postoperative atrial fibrillation (20.8% [52/254] vs 20.2 % [221/1113]; P = .837) and 30-day mortality were also similar (3.5% vs 2.2%; P = .231). Postoperative blood product use was 31.9% (81/254) in the ATC group and 28.7% (319/1113) in the control group (P = .308). Some complications were more common in the ATC group, including septicemia (2.4% [6/254] vs 0.7% [8/1113]; P = .019) and renal failure (3.9% [10/254] vs 1.7% [19/1113]; P = .026). Median postoperative length of stay was shorter in the ATC group (5 days vs 6 days; P = .025). CONCLUSIONS: Active chest tube clearance devices were not associated with improved postoperative outcomes related to RBS at the study institution (Northwestern Medicine, Chicago, IL). Given the additional cost, the nursing effort to maintain the active chest tube clearance devices, and the lack of apparent benefit, this study did not demonstrate the value of using such devices in cardiac surgery.


Assuntos
Fibrilação Atrial , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos , Fibrilação Atrial/etiologia , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos/efeitos adversos , Tubos Torácicos/efeitos adversos , Drenagem , Hemorragia , Humanos , Estudos Prospectivos , Esternotomia/efeitos adversos
15.
J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg ; 164(6): 1784-1792.e1, 2022 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33610367

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of concomitant aortic regurgitation (AR) in cardiac surgery and the outcomes of treatment options. METHODS: Between April 2004 and June 2018, 3289 patients underwent coronary artery bypass, mitral valve, or aortic aneurysm surgery without aortic stenosis. AR was graded none/trivial (score = 0), mild (score = 1+), or moderate (score = 2+). Patients with untreated 2+ AR were compared with those with 0 or 1+ AR, and to those with 2+ AR who had aortic valve surgery. Thirty-day and late survival, echocardiography, and clinical outcomes were compared using propensity score matching. RESULTS: One hundred thirty-eight patients (4.2%) had 2+ AR; and 45 (33%) received aortic valve repair (n = 9) or replacement (n = 36) in the treated group and were compared with 2765 untreated patients with 0 AR and 386 patients with 1+ AR. Valve surgery was more common with anatomic leaflet abnormalities: bicuspid aortic valve (9% vs 0%; P < .01), rheumatic valve disease (16% vs 3%; P < .01), and calcification (47% vs 27%; P = .021). In unadjusted analysis, lower preoperative AR grade was associated with increased 10-year survival (P < .001). At year 10, progression to more-than-moderate AR among moderate AR patients was 2.6% and late intervention rate was 3.1%. In the untreated 2+ AR group, on last follow-up echocardiogram, 58% had improvement in AR, 41% remained 2+, and only 1% progressed to severe AR. CONCLUSIONS: Aortic valve surgery in select patients with concomitant moderate AR can be added with minimal added risk, but untreated AR does not influence long-term survival after cardiac surgery and rarely required late intervention.


Assuntos
Insuficiência da Valva Aórtica , Estenose da Valva Aórtica , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos , Doenças das Valvas Cardíacas , Humanos , Insuficiência da Valva Aórtica/diagnóstico por imagem , Insuficiência da Valva Aórtica/epidemiologia , Insuficiência da Valva Aórtica/cirurgia , Valva Aórtica/diagnóstico por imagem , Valva Aórtica/cirurgia , Estenose da Valva Aórtica/cirurgia , Doenças das Valvas Cardíacas/cirurgia , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos/efeitos adversos , Resultado do Tratamento , Estudos Retrospectivos
16.
Innovations (Phila) ; 17(2): 102-110, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35275496

RESUMO

Objective: Adverse events following left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation are more common in women than in men, but the impact of gender differences on right ventricular (RV) failure is not well defined. Therefore, we calculated RV strain before and after LVAD implantation in matched groups of men and women to determine if gender differences in RV failure after LVAD might account for the gender differences in overall outcomes. Methods: RV free wall longitudinal strain (FWS) and fractional area change were calculated preoperatively and 3 months postoperatively using speckle-tracking echocardiography analysis. A total of 172 patients (86 women, 86 men) were then propensity score matched (1:1) for comparison. Results: Although women had higher preoperative CHA2DS2-VASc scores and more frequent moderate mitral regurgitation than men (P = 0.018), the preoperative hemodynamic parameters were similar. Preoperative RV-FWS was -6.7% in women and -6.0% in men (P = 0.65). Postoperatively, women had more progression to severe tricuspid regurgitation (TR) than men (15% vs 7%, P = 0.06). At 3 months the RV-FWS was -7.7% in women and -7.0% in men (P = 0.59). Postoperative TR was moderate-severe in 20% of women and in 9% of men (P = 0.001). Women had a higher incidence of venous thromboembolism, cardiac arrhythmias, and bleeding compared with men. Women also had higher mortality rates at discharge and 30 days after surgery, but the survival rates at 5 years were similar. Conclusions: RV strain measurements track standard hemodynamic and echocardiographic parameters and confirm that gender differences in outcomes following LVAD implantation are not related to gender differences in RV failure rates.


Assuntos
Insuficiência Cardíaca , Coração Auxiliar , Insuficiência da Valva Tricúspide , Disfunção Ventricular Direita , Feminino , Insuficiência Cardíaca/cirurgia , Ventrículos do Coração/cirurgia , Coração Auxiliar/efeitos adversos , Humanos , Masculino , Pontuação de Propensão , Estudos Retrospectivos , Insuficiência da Valva Tricúspide/complicações , Disfunção Ventricular Direita/epidemiologia
17.
J Clin Med ; 11(1)2021 Dec 31.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35011953

RESUMO

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common of all cardiac arrhythmias, affecting roughly 1% of the general population in the Western world. The incidence of AF is predicted to double by 2050. Most patients with AF are treated with oral medications and only approximately 4% of AF patients are treated with interventional techniques, including catheter ablation and surgical ablation. The increasing prevalence and the morbidity/mortality associated with AF warrants a more aggressive approach to its treatment. It is the purpose of this invited editorial to describe the past, present, and anticipated future directions of the interventional therapy of AF, and to crystallize the problems that remain.

18.
Ann Thorac Surg ; 111(3): 809-817, 2021 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32791060

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF) concomitant with cardiac surgery is a Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS) class I recommendation, although the AF is frequently ignored. Analysis of the STS Database 30-day outcomes of isolated surgical aortic valve replacement (AVR) with and without AF ablation is presented. METHODS: Data on 87,426 surgical aortic valve replacement patients were extracted from the STS database (version 2.81, 2014-2017) and patients were divided into 3 groups: (1) No preoperative AF, (2) Preoperative AF with concomitant ablation, and (3) Preoperative AF without ablation. The latter 2 groups were propensity score-matched in 1-(up)-to-2 ratio to alleviate covariate imbalances and reduce bias. Thirty-day outcomes were evaluated and compared. RESULTS: Preoperative AF was present in 17.8% (15,596 of 87,426 patients). Ablation was performed in 33.1% (5,167 of 15,596), and 57.7% (2,983) had left atrial appendage closure. Propensity score matching (AF ablated n = 3692; AF non-ablated n = 5724), revealed that there was no difference between the AF ablated and AF non-ablated groups in mortality (2.8% vs 3.0%, respectively; P = .65) or for stroke (1.6% vs 1.7%, respectively; P = .82), but postoperative pacemaker implantation was higher in the AF ablated patients (6.8% AF ablated vs 5.0% AF non-ablated, P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Despite being a class I recommendation, AF ablation concomitantly with other cardiac surgical procedures remains lower than current guideline recommendation in surgical aortic valve replacement patients. Ablation for AF does not increase the 30-day operative mortality or perioperative morbidity compared with non-ablated patients, although new pacemaker requirements were higher in the AF ablated group.


Assuntos
Valva Aórtica/cirurgia , Fibrilação Atrial/cirurgia , Doenças das Valvas Cardíacas/cirurgia , Implante de Prótese de Valva Cardíaca/métodos , Próteses Valvulares Cardíacas , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/mortalidade , Pontuação de Propensão , Idoso , Fibrilação Atrial/complicações , Ablação por Cateter/métodos , Feminino , Doenças das Valvas Cardíacas/complicações , Mortalidade Hospitalar/tendências , Humanos , Illinois/epidemiologia , Masculino , Fatores de Risco
19.
Ann Thorac Surg ; 112(2): 354-362, 2021 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33279545

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Although cryosurgery has been used to treat cardiac arrhythmias for nearly 5 decades, the mechanism of action and the surgical technique that produces optimal cryolesions for the treatment of atrial fibrillation are still poorly understood. This has resulted in surgical outcomes that can be improved by a better understanding the mechanisms of cryothermia ablation and the proper surgical techniques that take advantage of those mechanisms. METHODS: The cryobiology underlying cryosurgical ablation is described, as are the nuances of cryosurgical techniques that ensure the reliable creation of contiguous, uniformly transmural atrial cryolesions. The oft-misunderstood "2-minute rule" for the application of cryothermia is clarified in detail, along with its variations that depend on target myocardial temperature. RESULTS: The creation of optimal cryolesions depends on cryoprobe temperature, the temperature of the target myocardium, the duration of cryothermia application, and the presence or absence of a "heat sink" or "cooling sink" created by intracavitary blood circulation. Cryothermia kills myocardial cells during both the freezing and thawing phases of cryoablation cycle. The critical lethal temperature for myocardium is -30°C. The slower the target tissue thaws, the higher the percentage of cell death. CONCLUSIONS: The availability of cryosurgical techniques has revolutionized the surgical treatment of atrial fibrillation. By utilizing modern cryosurgical devices and adhering to the technical principles described, surgeons can now perform surgical procedures for atrial fibrillation that are quicker, safer, and as effective as the standard Maze-III/IV procedure.


Assuntos
Criocirurgia/métodos , Miocárdio/patologia , Fibrilação Atrial/diagnóstico , Fibrilação Atrial/fisiopatologia , Fibrilação Atrial/cirurgia , Temperatura Corporal , Morte Celular , Humanos
20.
J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg ; 161(4): 1251-1261.e1, 2021 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31952824

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: This study compares outcomes of patients with preoperative atrial fibrillation undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) with or without concomitant atrial fibrillation ablation in a nationally representative Medicare cohort. OBJECTIVES: This study examined early and late outcomes in CABG patients with a preoperative history of atrial fibrillation to determine the correlation between surgical atrial fibrillation ablation to mortality and stroke or systemic embolization. METHODS: In the Medicare-linked Society of Thoracic Surgeons database, 361,138 patients underwent isolated CABG from 2006 to 2013; 34,600 (9.6%) had preoperative atrial fibrillation; 10,541 (30.5%) were treated with surgical ablation (ablation group), and 23,059 were not (no ablation group). Propensity score matching was performed using a hierarchical mixed model. Long-term survival was summarized using Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox regression models with robust variance estimation. The stroke or systemic embolization incidence was modeled using the Fine-Gray model. Median follow-up was 4 years. RESULTS: Long-term mortality in propensity score-matched CABG patients (mean age 74 years; Society of Thoracic Surgeons risk score, 2.25) receiving ablation versus no ablation was similar (log-rank P = .30). Stroke or systemic embolization occurred in 2.2% versus 2.1% at 30 days and 9.9% versus 12.0% at 5 years (Gray P = .0091). Landmark analysis from 2 to 5 years showed lower mortality (hazard ratio, 0.89; 95% confidence interval 0.82-0.97; P = .0358) and lower risk of stroke or systemic embolization (hazard ratio, 0.73; 95% confidence interval, 0.61-0.87; P = .0006) in the ablation group. CONCLUSIONS: Concomitant ablation in CABG patients with preoperative atrial fibrillation is associated with lower stroke or systemic embolization and mortality in patients who survive more than 2 years.


Assuntos
Fibrilação Atrial , Ablação por Cateter , Ponte de Artéria Coronária , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Fibrilação Atrial/complicações , Fibrilação Atrial/epidemiologia , Fibrilação Atrial/mortalidade , Fibrilação Atrial/cirurgia , Ablação por Cateter/mortalidade , Ablação por Cateter/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos de Coortes , Ponte de Artéria Coronária/mortalidade , Ponte de Artéria Coronária/estatística & dados numéricos , Embolia/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Procedimento do Labirinto , Medicare , Pontuação de Propensão , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/epidemiologia , Resultado do Tratamento , Estados Unidos
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