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1.
Plant Cell Environ ; 39(6): 1228-39, 2016 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26428711

RESUMO

Optimum flowering time is the key to maximize canola production in order to meet global demand of vegetable oil, biodiesel and canola-meal. We reveal extensive variation in flowering time across diverse genotypes of canola under field, glasshouse and controlled environmental conditions. We conduct a genome-wide association study and identify 69 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers associated with flowering time, which are repeatedly detected across experiments. Several associated SNPs occur in clusters across the canola genome; seven of them were detected within 20 Kb regions of a priori candidate genes; FLOWERING LOCUS T, FRUITFUL, FLOWERING LOCUS C, CONSTANS, FRIGIDA, PHYTOCHROME B and an additional five SNPs were localized within 14 Kb of a previously identified quantitative trait loci for flowering time. Expression analyses showed that among FLC paralogs, BnFLC.A2 accounts for ~23% of natural variation in diverse accessions. Genome-wide association analysis for FLC expression levels mapped not only BnFLC.C2 but also other loci that contribute to variation in FLC expression. In addition to revealing the complex genetic architecture of flowering time variation, we demonstrate that the identified SNPs can be modelled to predict flowering time in diverse canola germplasm accurately and hence are suitable for genomic selection of adaptative traits in canola improvement programmes.


Assuntos
Brassica rapa/genética , Flores/fisiologia , Genes de Plantas/fisiologia , Alelos , Brassica rapa/fisiologia , Flores/genética , Regulação da Expressão Gênica de Plantas/fisiologia , Genes de Plantas/genética , Variação Genética/genética , Variação Genética/fisiologia , Estudo de Associação Genômica Ampla , Técnicas de Genotipagem , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único/fisiologia , Transcriptoma
2.
Mucosal Immunol ; 9(1): 56-67, 2016 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25921341

RESUMO

Increased nasopharyngeal colonization density has been associated with pneumonia. We used experimental human pneumococcal carriage to investigate whether upper respiratory tract viral infection predisposes individuals to carriage. A total of 101 healthy subjects were screened for respiratory virus before pneumococcal intranasal challenge. Virus was associated with increased odds of colonization (75% virus positive became colonized vs. 46% virus-negative subjects; P=0.02). Nasal Factor H (FH) levels were increased in virus-positive subjects and were associated with increased colonization density. Using an in vitro epithelial model we explored the impact of increased mucosal FH in the context of coinfection. Epithelial inflammation and FH binding resulted in increased pneumococcal adherence to the epithelium. Binding was partially blocked by antibodies targeting the FH-binding protein Pneumococcal surface protein C (PspC). PspC epitope mapping revealed individuals lacked antibodies against the FH binding region. We propose that FH binding to PspC in vivo masks this binding site, enabling FH to facilitate pneumococcal/epithelial attachment during viral infection despite the presence of anti-PspC antibodies. We propose that a PspC-based vaccine lacking binding to FH could reduce pneumococcal colonization, and may have enhanced protection in those with underlying viral infection.


Assuntos
Proteínas de Bactérias/imunologia , Fator H do Complemento/imunologia , Imunidade Inata , Nasofaringe/imunologia , Infecções Pneumocócicas/imunologia , Infecções Respiratórias/imunologia , Viroses/imunologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Anticorpos Antibacterianos/biossíntese , Aderência Bacteriana , Proteínas de Bactérias/química , Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Sítios de Ligação , Coinfecção , Fator H do Complemento/química , Fator H do Complemento/genética , Mapeamento de Epitopos , Feminino , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Humanos , Imunidade nas Mucosas , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Nasofaringe/microbiologia , Nasofaringe/virologia , Infecções Pneumocócicas/microbiologia , Infecções Pneumocócicas/patologia , Infecções Pneumocócicas/virologia , Ligação Proteica , Mucosa Respiratória/imunologia , Mucosa Respiratória/microbiologia , Mucosa Respiratória/virologia , Infecções Respiratórias/microbiologia , Infecções Respiratórias/patologia , Infecções Respiratórias/virologia , Streptococcus pneumoniae/imunologia , Streptococcus pneumoniae/patogenicidade , Viroses/patologia , Viroses/virologia
3.
J Neurol Sci ; 156(1): 102-6, 1998.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9559996

RESUMO

Plasma amino acids were analysed in patients with migraine with (9) and without (80) aura, in patients with tension headache (14) and in controls (62). The neuroexcitatory amino acids glutamic acid, glutamine, glycine, cysteic acid and homocysteic acid were elevated in migraine patients while total thiols (cysteine/cystine) were reduced. Patients with tension headache had values which were similar to those of controls. Tryptophan was elevated in migraine patients without aura only. Studies on two patients showed that the raised resting excitatory amino acid levels became still further elevated during a migraine attack. These results show that high concentrations of neurotransmitter amino acids occur normally in migraine patients and suggest that this profile may be a contributory factor in migraine attacks. Tension headache, however, has different biochemical parameters.


Assuntos
Aminoácidos Excitatórios/sangue , Transtornos de Enxaqueca/sangue , Cefaleia do Tipo Tensional/sangue , Adulto , Idoso , Cisteína/sangue , Cistina/sangue , Feminino , Ácido Glutâmico/sangue , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio
5.
Cephalalgia ; 17(7): 761-4, 1997 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9399006

RESUMO

Activity of both the M- and P-forms of sulphotransferase (ST) was measured in platelets from patients with migraine, tension headache and controls. Mean PST values were 0.065 +/- 0.023 and 0.057 +/- 0.052 nmol/mg protein/min for migraine patients with and without aura. The corresponding values for tension headache and controls were 0.122 +/- 0.059 and 0.127 +/- 0.093 nmol/mg protein/min respectively (p < 0.05). Mean MST values were not different for any of the groups, and MST and PST activities measured in two patients during a migraine attack were not significantly altered from baseline levels. Mean plasma inorganic sulphate concentrations and paracetamol metabolites were not significantly different in any of the groups studied. The results suggest that PST activity may be a factor in the aetiology of migraine.


Assuntos
Acetaminofen/sangue , Plaquetas/enzimologia , Transtornos de Enxaqueca/sangue , Sulfatos/sangue , Sulfotransferases/sangue , Cefaleia do Tipo Tensional/sangue , Adulto , Arilsulfotransferase/sangue , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade
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