[Prognostic factors after surgical resection for hilar cholangiocarcinoma]. / Facteurs pronostiques après résection pour cholangiocarcinome hilaire.

AIMS: To evaluate short and long-term results in 23 patients resected for hilar cholangiocarcinoma. METHODS: Between January 2001 and December 2003, 23 patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma were resected and considered for retrospective analysis. Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed on several clinicopathological variables in order to evaluate the short-term results. Median follow-up was 11 months (interquartile range 2-20 months). RESULTS: A major liver resection was performed in 19 out of 23 patients (82%): a right hepatectomy extended to segment 4 in 5 patients and a left hepatectomy in 14 patients. Resection of the caudate lobe was performed in 7 patients (30%). No hospital mortality occurred. Overall morbidity rate was 43%. The 1-year survival rate was 63.2% with a median survival of 19 months. Tumor recurrence appeared in 12 patients (52%). Low preoperative albumin level (P=0.006), presence of positive resection margin (P=0.03) and T-stage (P=0.02) were found to be related to a worse median survival. On multivariate analysis, only the preoperative albumin level and the presence of positive margin were confirmed as independent prognostic factors. CONCLUSION: Aggressive surgical approach remains the only potentially curative therapy for the hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Low preoperative albumin level, presence of positive resection margin and T-stage resulted as factors influencing the prognosis after resection.

The laparoscopic approach with antireflux surgery is superior to the thoracoscopic approach for the treatment of esophageal achalasia. Experience of a single surgical unit.

BACKGROUND: Since its first description in the early 1990s, minimally invasive Heller myotomy has become the treatment of choice for esophageal achalasia. We report the experience of a single unit with thoracoscopic Heller myotomy (THM) and laparoscopic Heller myotomy (LHM) and we analyze the short- and long-term surgical outcomes in patients treated by each of the two approaches. METHODS: We evaluated retrospectively 33 patients who underwent surgical treatment for achalasia. Sixteen patients underwent THM without an antireflux procedure, and 17 patients underwent LHM and partial anterior fundoplication (n = 10) or closure of the angle of His (n = 7). RESULTS: Mean operative time was significantly shorter for LHM than for THM (150 vs 222 min, respectively) (p = 0.0001). Mean hospital stay was significantly shorter after LHM than after THM (2.0 +/- 1.0 vs 5.1 +/- 2.2 days, respectively) (p = 0.0001). Six of 16 patients (37.5%) in the THM group experienced persistent or recurrent dysphagia compared to one of 17 patients (5.8%) in the LHM group (p = 0.04). Heartburn developed in five patients (31.2%) after THM and in one patient (5.8%) after LHM (p = 0.07). Regurgitation developed in four patients (25%) after THM and in one patient (5.8%) after LHM (p = 0.149). Lower esophageal sphincter (LES) basal pressure decreased significantly from 30.1 +/- 5.07 to 15.3 +/- 2.1 after THM and from 32.1 +/- 5.9 to 10.5 +/- 1.7 after LHM (p = 0.0001). Mean esophageal diameter was significantly reduced after LHM compared to THM (from 54.5 +/- 5.7 mm to 27.1 +/- 3.3 mm vs 50.8 +/- 7.6 mm to 37.2 +/- 6.9 mm, respectively) (p = 0.0001). CONCLUSION: In our experience, LHM is associated with a shorter operative time and a shorter hospital stay, and it is superior to THM in relieving dysphagia. LHM with partial anterior fundoplication should be considered the treatment of choice for achalasia.

Hepatic resections for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC): short and long-term results on 106 cirrhotic patients.

To evaluate the short and long term outcome of liver resections for hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhotic patients. A retrospective analysis was performed on 106 consecutive cirrhotic patients with hepatocellular carcinoma resected between June 1974 and September 2002 at the Department of Surgery "Pietro Valdoni" - University of Rome "La Sapienza" and at the Liver and Multivisceral Transplant Unit of the University of Modena. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed on several clinicopathological variables to analyze factors affecting the long-term outcome and intrahepatic recurrence. Overall mortality and morbidity were 10.7% and 26% respectively. These rates significantly decreased in the last years: from 1997 to 2002 no hospital mortality has been recorded. After a median follow-up of 19 months (interquartile range: 10-36), tumour recurrence appeared in 25 patients (23,5%). The 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival rates were 86,6%, 70,3%, and 60,6%, respectively. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year disease-free survival rates were 86,3%, 58,1%, and 40,7%. On univariate analysis, viral ethiology of cirrhosis (p=0.03), presence of multiple nodules (p=0.02) and vascular invasion (p=0.05) were found to be related to a worse long-term survival. At the multivariate analysis only the viral ethiology of cirrhosis and the presence of multiple nodules were confirmed as indipendent prognostic factors. Early results after hepatic resection for HCC can be improved by using a limited surgical approach. The viral ethiology of cirrhosis, the presence of multiple nodules and vascular invasion negatively affected recurrence rate and long-term survival.

[Phyllodes tumor of the breast. Personal contribution of 21 cases]. / Il tumore filloide della mammella. Contributo personale di 21 casi.

The study is based on the observation of 21 cases of phyllodes tumour of the breast. The mean age of patients was 43 years (range 18-60 years). In all the cases the tumour was monolateral, more common in the right breast (66.7% vs. 33.3%) and in external quadrants. Clinical features and diagnostic investigations were able to make a preoperative diagnosis in 6 out of 21 cases, while frozen sections and histological examination allowed to diagnose in the others. FNAB was not performed in any case. In this way 18 benign and 3 "borderline" tumours were discovered. No malignant lesion was observed. Local recurrence rate was 14.6%. Local recurrence was not associated with age of patients, tumor size and histological type. In neither case axillary nodal involvement was found. The study and the review of the literature suggest that wide local excision is the treatment of choice and adjuvant therapies have no place in the routine management of phyllodes tumours.

["Strawberry" gallbladder: review of the literature and our experience]. / Colecisti "a fragola": revisione della letteratura e nostra esperienza.

The term "strawberry gallbladder" refers to an anatomo-pathological aspect which is included in the wider chapter of gallbladder cholesterolosis. Introducing their experience, the Authors summarize the hypotheses through the years proposed about the etiopathogenesis of this condition the clinical symptoms that it can produce and the diagnostic strategies used to identify it. Moreover the Authors underline that the "strawberry gallbladder" continues to be reported with a significant frequency. They also confirm the opportunity of surgical treatment of symptomatic patients as a valid alternative to medical therapy which is not always effective, it is long lasting, often complex and not completely side effects lacking.

[Benign schwannoma of the pelvic retroperitoneum. Report of a case and review of the literature]. / Lo schwannoma benigno a localizzazione pelvica retroperitoneale. Descrizione di un caso clinico e revisione della letteratura.

Benign schwannoma is a tumor arising from Schwann cells (forming the neural sheath of peripheral nerves). The retroperitoneal location is unusual (0.5-5% of cases). Most common locations are cranial nerves (especially the 8th pair) and, in peripheral nerve system the neck, mediastinum and extremities. To this date the known cases of benign retroperitoneal schwannoma are about 60, of which less than 20 in the pelvis. The low frequency of this tumor and the lack of specific instrumental signs and objective symptoms (since it develops in a deep and broad region as retroperitoneum) make presurgical diagnosis very difficult. It can be confirmed only during surgery and definitive histological examination. The information provided by ultrasonography, CT and MR help to limit diagnostic hypothesis, but they don't show any pathognomonic images. The resection of this tumor is the appropriate treatment, even though it is really a complex one. Prognosis is quite good since post-surgical recurrences are unusual. If they appear is probably because excision wasn't radical. Complete resection is the best treatment for retroperitoneal pelvic schwannoma and today it can be performed also by laparoscopy. Partial resection can be used when the mass is strongly connected to essential organs in order to prevent iatrogenic harms (neural deficit, vessel lesions); this may occur in 10% of cases. This paper describes a benign schwannoma with pelvic retroperitoneal location, incidentally discovered during a routine gynecological check up. The purpose of this study is to review current therapeutic and diagnostic techniques in retroperitoneal pelvic schwannoma (including a review of current literature) and to identify th problems that can be encountered in the differential diagnosis of this unusual disease from other neoplasms occurring in the same place.

[Obesity surgery and its adverse effects]. / Chirurgie de l'obésité et ses complications.

Bariatric surgery (gastric banding, gastric bypass, sleeve gastrectomy, bilio-pancreatic diversion) is the most efficient long-term treatment concerning weight loss, comorbidities and quality of life improvement, and mortality reduction for massive obesity and complicated obesity. These benefits need to be compared to immediate and late adverse events. The adverse events involve operative risk, surgical, nutritional, and sometimes psychological events. This review describes the various surgical techniques and their complications. Then, it discusses the modalities to prepare, follow-up and take care of these surgical patients to improve the results and avoid the complications.

Management of voluminous abdominal incisional hernia.

Incisional hernia is one of the classic complications after abdominal surgery. The chronic, gradual increase in size of some of these hernias is such that the hernia ring widens to a point where there is a loss of substance in the abdominal wall, herniated organs can become incarcerated or strangulated while poor abdominal motility can alter respiratory function. The surgical treatment of small (<5 cm) incisional hernias is safe and straightforward, by either laparotomy or laparoscopy. For large hernias, surgical repair is often difficult. After reintegration of herniated viscera into the abdominal cavity, the abdominal wall defect must be closed anatomically in order to restore the function to the abdominal wall. Prosthetic reinforcement of the abdominal wall is mandatory for long-term successful repair. There are multiple techniques for prosthetic hernia repair, but placement of Dacron mesh in the retromuscular plane is our preference.