RESUMO
Systemic morphine exposure disrupts both maternal behavior (MB) and postpartum aggression, possibly through alterations of olfactory preferences [29]. In the current studies, adult female rats were timed mated and implanted with a unilateral cannula in the lateral ventricle. On day 5 or 6 of lactation, the females were infused with either morphine (2.0 micrograms) or saline (5 microliters) (Experiment 1); or, they were infused with 2.0 micrograms morphine and saline or morphine plus 0.5 micrograms naloxone (Experiment 2). One hour later, they were exposed to bedding soiled by pups, or to clean bedding. The amount of time spent investigating the two bedding types was compared. Morphine produced an aversion to the odor of pups, relative to the saline condition, wherein the females expressed a preference for the odor of pups. Naloxone reversed the effect of the morphine, restoring the preference for pup odors in the females. Thus, morphine disruption of MB may be due to central action on olfactory sensory mechanisms.
Assuntos
Comportamento de Escolha/efeitos dos fármacos , Lactação/fisiologia , Morfina/farmacologia , Naloxona/farmacologia , Efeitos Tardios da Exposição Pré-Natal , Olfato/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Ventrículos Cerebrais , Feminino , Infusões Parenterais , Morfina/antagonistas & inibidores , Odorantes , Gravidez , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-DawleyRESUMO
AIM: A Corporate Education Session was held to provide concrete strategies for overcoming several specific barriers in the daily nurse-patient relationship that negatively affect the patient, nurse, or both, and to provide the latest information about best practice as it affects nurses in renal care. METHODOLOGY: The session was led by a moderator who presented three video case studies to the audience. Communication strategies for recognising and overcoming nurse-patient communication barriers were presented. The audience expressed their views about each case study using voting pads, and a panel of experts addressed the comments of the audience and discussed guidelines for best practice in renal care. The panel comprised three experienced renal nurses, a senior nephrologist, and an expert in social interaction. CONCLUSIONS: Optimal treatment of patients with renal disease should include early treatment of anaemia, adequate levels of dialysis, and a multidisciplinary approach, responding to both the medical and the social needs of the patient.
Assuntos
Falência Renal Crônica/enfermagem , Falência Renal Crônica/psicologia , Relações Enfermeiro-Paciente , Qualidade da Assistência à Saúde , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Comportamento SocialRESUMO
The molecular mechanism(s) linking tumorigenesis and morphological alterations in the nucleolus are presently coming into focus. The nucleolus is the cellular organelle in which the formation of ribosomal subunits occurs. Ribosomal biogenesis occurs through the transcription of ribosomal RNA (rRNA), rRNA processing and production of ribosomal proteins. An error in any of these processes may lead to deregulated cellular translation, evident in multiple cancers and 'ribosomopathies'. Deregulated protein synthesis may be achieved through the overexpression of ribosomal proteins as seen in primary leukemic blasts with elevated levels of ribosomal proteins S11 and S14. In this study, we demonstrate that ribosomal protein S6 (RPS6) is highly expressed in primary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) samples. Genetic modulation of RPS6 protein levels with specifically targeted short hairpin RNA (shRNA) lentiviruses led to a decrease in the actively proliferating population of cells compared with control shRNA. Low-dose rapamycin treatments have been shown to affect the translation of 5' terminal oligopyrimidine (5' TOP) tract mRNA, which encodes the translational machinery, implicating RPS6 in 5' TOP translation. Recently, it was shown that disruption of 40S ribosomal biogenesis through specific small inhibitory RNA knockdown of RPS6 defined RPS6 as a critical regulator of 5' TOP translation. For the first time, we show that RPS6 associates with multiple mRNAs containing a 5' TOP tract. These findings expand our understanding of the mechanism(s) involved in ribosomal biogenesis and deregulated protein synthesis in DLBCL.
Assuntos
Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B/metabolismo , Sequência de Oligopirimidina na Região 5' Terminal do RNA/genética , Proteína S6 Ribossômica/fisiologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Nucléolo Celular/fisiologia , Endorribonucleases/análise , Humanos , Fenótipo , Proteínas de Ligação a Poli(A)/análise , Biossíntese de Proteínas , RNA Mensageiro/genética , Proteína S6 Ribossômica/análise , Ribossomos/fisiologia , Sirolimo/farmacologia , Antígeno-1 Intracelular de Células TRESUMO
In a breast tumor xenograft model, the MCT-1 oncogene increases the in vivo tumorgenicity of MCF7 cells by promoting angiogenesis and inhibiting apoptosis. Increases in the tumor microvascular density are accompanied by a strong reduction in the levels of the angiogenesis inhibitor thrombospondin-1 (TSP1), but the mechanisms underlying this process are unknown. We show that TSP1 expression is controlled, at least in part, by post-transcriptional events. Using RNA interference to knock down the expression of the RNA-binding protein HuR in MCF7 cells as well as HuR overexpression, we demonstrate that HuR plays an important role in translation of the TSP1 mRNA. Furthermore, employing the RIP-Chip assay yielded 595 transcripts with significantly altered binding to HuR in the more tumorigenic breast cancer clones compared with the weakly tumorigenic clones. These mRNAs clustered in several pathways implicated in the transformed phenotype, such as the RAS pathway (involved in mitogenesis), the PI3K pathway (evasion of apoptosis) and pathways mediating angiogenesis and the cellular response to hypoxia. These findings demonstrate for the first time that global changes in HuR-bound mRNAs are implicated in the evolution to a more tumorigenic phenotype in an in vivo tumor model and underscore the role of global mRNA-protein interactions toward tumor progression.
Assuntos
Antígenos de Superfície/fisiologia , Neoplasias da Mama/metabolismo , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Proteínas de Ligação a RNA/fisiologia , Trombospondina 1/genética , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Proteínas de Ciclo Celular/fisiologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proteínas ELAV , Proteína Semelhante a ELAV 1 , Feminino , Humanos , Proteínas Oncogênicas/fisiologia , Fenótipo , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinases/fisiologia , Biossíntese de Proteínas , RNA Mensageiro/análise , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Proteínas de Ligação a RNA/antagonistas & inibidores , Transdução de Sinais , Transcrição GênicaRESUMO
Although violent victimization is highly prevalent among men and women with serious mental illness (SMI; e.g., schizophrenia, bipolar disorder), future research in this area may be impeded by controversy concerning the ability of individuals with SMI to report traumatic events reliably. This article presents the results of a study exploring the temporal consistency of reports of childhood sexual abuse, adult sexual abuse, and adult physical abuse, as well as current symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among 50 people with SMI. Results show that trauma history and PTSD assessments can, for the most part, yield reliable information essential to further research in this area. The study also demonstrates the importance of using a variety of statistical methods to assess the reliability of self-reports of trauma history.