[Influence of climate, according to Koppën classification and Lang's index, on gross rate mortality associated with prostate cancer in the geographical area of Spain]. / Influencia de la climatología, según la clasificación de Koppën e índice de Lang, sobre la tasa bruta de mortalidad asociada al cancer de próstata en el área geográfica de España.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate if the climatic factors of temperature and rainfall influence mortality associated with prostate cancer for a period of five years. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The mortality trends associated with prostate cancer will be evaluated in the period ranging from 1st january 1998 to 31st december 2002, in the geographical area of Spain. The demographic and mortality data were obtained from the National Institute of Statistics and the climatologically data on temperature and rainfall were obtained from the National Meteorology Institute applying the values registered in 2002. Based on the meteorological data, the different provinces are classified in accordance with Koppën climate classification and climatic index of Lang that defines them from the mean annual and monthly temperature and rainfall data. Mortality rates will be expressed by 100.000 men year, applying for their study the Kruskall-Wallis test for "n" independent samples through the SPSS v12.0 Windows software. RESULTS: Three main climatic areas are obtained, one area with type B climate, which accounts for 13% of the total population, a Csa climate, and a Csb, accounting for 67 and 20% respectively. The mortality found is higher in the Csb type for prostate cancer (p= 0.007), as compared to the other two climatic areas. CONCLUSION: Mortality associated with prostate cancer is significantly higher in the regions with a lower sun exposure. However, randomized prospective studies confirming these findings are warranted.

[A benign retroperitoneal schwannoma: a review of the literature and a report of a new case]. / Schwanoma retroperitoneal benigno: revisión de la literatura y aportación de un nuevo caso.

In a 42-years-old woman, an abdominal sonography was done, and a 10 x 9-cm solid cystic tumor on the left kidney appeared. Abdominal CT and arteriography showed a retroperitoneal heterogeneous mass surrounding and obstructing the ureteropelvic left junction. Tumor was removed under open surgery and the pathological study showed a benign schwannoma. We present this case because of its rarity 1%-10% of all primary retroperitoneal tumors.

[Renal tuberculosis associated with renal adenocarcinoma: unusual association]. / Tuberculosis renal asociada a adenocarcinoma renal: una asociación poco frecuente.

We present a patient 50 years old, complaining of right lumbar pain and miccional syndrome for three weeks. After analytic and x-ray studies, renal tuberculosis and renal cell carcinoma was the diagnosis. We started with specific antibiotic therapy and a radical nephrectomy was developed. According with the literature revised, just three cases has been published before. Because is an unusual clinic presentation we present these clinical note, we discuss the pathogenic and therapeutic procedures.

[Female urethral caruncle. A thrombosis of the dorsal venous complex?]. / Carúncula uretral femenina. Trombosis del complejo venoso dorsal?

Five 72-86 years old women complaining of vaginal bleeding and genital discomfort during the last three weeks. Physical examination show an urethral mass of 1 cm diameter with a black, hard and painful area inside. Blood test was normal, and clinical diagnosis of caruncle urethral thrombosis was done. Topic treatment was develop with good results. We discuss the pathogenic and clinical presentation as well as the treatment of this unusual lesion.