Caloric restriction improves inflammation in different tissues of the Wistar rats with obesity and 2K1C renovascular hypertension.

Renovascular hypertension (RHV) is the cause of high blood pressure due to left renal ischemia, and obesity and hypertension cause an inflammatory response. This work analyzed the inflammatory and tissue repair profile in renal, hepatic, and cardiac tissues in an animal model of RVH associated with a high-fat diet and caloric restriction. The expressions of RORγ-t, IL-17, T-bet, and TNF-α decreased and IFN-γ increased in the right kidney. In relation to the left kidney, caloric restriction decreased the expression of IFN-γ. In the liver, caloric restriction decreased RORγ-t, IL-17, and T-bet. Hypertension associated with obesity decreased the expression of IFN-γ, while caloric restriction increased. In the right kidney, hypertension and obesity, associated or not with caloric restriction, increased the area of collagen fibers. In the heart and liver, caloric restriction reduced the area of collagen fibers. Caloric restriction increased vascular endothelial growth factor, reduced levels of growth transformation factor-ß1 (TGF-ß), and increased collagen I in the left kidney. Hypertension/obesity, submitted or not having caloric restriction, increased TGF-ß in liver. The results suggest that caloric restriction has beneficial effects in lowering blood pressure and regulating tissue proinflammatory cytokines. However, there was no change in the structure and composition of tissue repair markers.

Effects of different physical training protocols on inflammatory markers in Zymosan-induced rheumatoid arthritis in Wistar rats.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation and involvement of the synovial membrane, causing joint damage and deformities. No effective drug treatment is available, and physical exercise has been utilized to alleviate the inflammatory processes. This study aimed to investigate the effects of different exercise training protocols on Zymosan-induced RA inflammatory markers in the right knee of Wistar rats. The rodents were subjected to aerobic, resisted, and combined physical training protocols with variations in the total training volume (50% or 100% of resistance and aerobic training volume) for 8 weeks. All physical training protocols reduced cachexia and systemic inflammatory processes. The histological results showed an increase in the inflammatory influx to the synovial tissue of the right knee in all physical training protocols. The rats that underwent combined physical training with reduced volume had a lower inflammatory influx compared to the other experimental groups. A reduction in the mRNA expression of inflammatory genes and an increase in anti-inflammatory gene expression were also observed. The physical training protocol associated with volume reduction attenuated systemic and synovial inflammation of the right knee, reducing the impact of Zymosan-induced RA in rats.

Photobiomodulation Modulates Proliferation and Gene Expression Related to Calcium Signaling in Human Osteoblast Cells.

Introduction: Photobiomodulation with low-level laser treatment can enhance bone formation by stimulating the cell division of osteoblasts and increasing the amount of protein deposition, thus encouraging the formation of new bone. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of photobiomodulation with a low-level laser on proliferation and gene expression related to calcium signaling in human osteoblasts. Methods: Osteoblastic cell lines of the hFOB1.19 lineage, human osteoblasts, were grown and assigned into two groups, control (C; n=78 cultured wells) and photobiomodulation (L; n=78 cultured wells) with n=6 per day of the experimental period. Cells were cultured (immature at 34 ºC), and after maturation at 37 ºC, group L cells were exposed to laser irradiation with a low-level laser device (gallium and aluminum arsenide), at a wavelength of 808 nm, a power output of 200 mW, and a power density of 200 mW/cm2. The energy delivered to the cells was 37 J/cm2, with a beam area of 0.02 mm2 and an exposure time of 5 seconds. This treatment was applied daily for a period of 13 days. Following this, the number of cells was counted, and RNA was isolated, measured, and then converted into cDNA for further quantification using a comparative Ct method with real-time polymerase chain reaction. The results were then subjected to statistical analysis through a Mann-Whitney test, with a significance level of P<0.05. Results: The cell count in the L group (37.25x10±4±22.02) was statistically higher compared to the control group (22.75x10±4±7.660) with a P value of 0.0259. The values of 2-ΔΔCt for S100A6, plasma membrane calcium ATPase (PMCA), and calmodulin genes indicated hyper-expression on the thirteenth day, while the osteocalcin gene showed hypo-expression. Conclusion: The study suggests that the photobiomodulation mechanism with a low-level laser may regulate gene expression in human osteoblasts in a dose-dependent and cumulative manner.