RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Healthcare providers' attitudes and beliefs can influence how patients with persistent musculoskeletal pain are treated. A biopsychosocial approach is more effective than a purely biomedical approach. Ensuring healthcare professionals have appropriate pain science education (PSE) is essential for successful treatment outcomes. OBJECTIVE: To validate the Spanish version of the Knowledge and Attitudes of Pain (KNAP-SP) questionnaire among Spanish physiotherapists and students and analyze its psychometric properties. METHODS: From May to October 2022, two independent teams adapted the KNAP questionnaire from English to both European and Hispanic-Spanish. A cross-sectional validation study was conducted with 517 physiotherapists examining internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha), structural validity (exploratory factor analysis), and construct validity (hypothesis testing). Longitudinal analyses assessed test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC2,1; n = 63]) and responsiveness following a PSE intervention using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and hypothesis testing (n = 70). RESULTS: The KNAP-SP showed strong internal consistency [overall α coefficient = 0.86; domain 1 (α = 0.82); domain 2 (α = 0.70)], explaining 32.3% of the variance. Construct validity was supported by 75% of the hypotheses. Test-retest reliability was high (ICC2,1 = 0.84). KNAP-SP's responsiveness was confirmed by ROC analysis (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.87 [95% CI: 0.79-0.96, p-value <.01]) and accepting 75% of prior hypotheses. The minimal clinically important change was 6.96 points. No floor or ceiling effects were detected. CONCLUSIONS: The KNAP-SP, with robust psychometric properties and successful adaptation and validation, is a valuable tool for assessing pain knowledge and attitudes among Spanish-speaking physiotherapists.
RESUMO
We consider the three-dimensional Hamiltonian for Bi2Se3, a second-generation topological insulator, under the effect of a periodic drive for both in-plane and out-of-plane fields. As it will be shown by means of high-frequency expansions up to second order in the Floquet Hamiltonian, the driving induces anisotropies in the Dirac cone and opens up a quasienergy gap for in-plane elliptically polarized fields. Analytic expressions are obtained for the renormalized velocities and the quasienergy gap. These expressions are then compared to numerical calculations performed by discretizing the Hamiltonian in a one-dimensional lattice and following a staggered fermion approach, achieving a remarkable agreement. We believe our work may have an impact on the transport properties of topological insulators.
RESUMO
In IV-VI semiconductor heterojunctions with band-inversion, such as those made of [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text]Te or [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text]Se, interface states are properly described by a two-band model, predicting the appearance of a Dirac cone in single junctions. However, in quantum wells the interface dispersion is quadratic in momentum and the energy spectrum presents a gap. We show that the interface gap shrinks under an electric field parallel to the growth direction. Therefore, the interface gap can be dynamically tuned in experiments on double-gated quantum wells based on band-inverted compounds.
RESUMO
Dirac materials are characterized by energy-momentum relations that resemble those of relativistic massless particles. Commonly denominated Dirac cones, these dispersion relations are considered to be their essential feature. These materials comprise quite diverse examples, such as graphene and topological insulators. Band-engineering techniques should aim to a full control of the parameter that characterizes the Dirac cones: the Fermi velocity. We propose a general mechanism that enables the fine-tuning of the Fermi velocity in Dirac materials in a readily accessible way for experiments. By embedding the sample in a uniform electric field, the Fermi velocity is substantially modified. We first prove this result analytically, for the surface states of a topological insulator/semiconductor interface, and postulate its universality in other Dirac materials. Then we check its correctness in carbon-based Dirac materials, namely graphene nanoribbons and nanotubes, thus showing the validity of our hypothesis in different Dirac systems by means of continuum, tight-binding and ab-initio calculations.
RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The ingestion of alcohol produces oxydative stress generating free radicals of oxygen and ethanol. These free radicals have a molecular reactive ability and, therefore, they play an important role in the production of the injury which appears in the liver and in other organs and tissues. We have done an "in vitro" study where we analyse the oxydative status at rest and the respiratory explosion produced by ethanol at final concentrations of 50 and 25 mM and by the phagocytosis of a previously opsonized concentrate of bacteria (E.coli) in human leucocytes taken from peripheral blood of six healthy persons. METHOD: We have used 1.2.3. dihydrorhodamine (non-fluorescent) as the oxydative marker because it is transformed in rhodamine (fluorescent), which is quantitatively studied by Flow Cytometry. RESULTS: The peak of oxydative stress is reached with the bacteria in the phagocytes (monocytes 50% and granulocytes 90%) and it has a significant difference with the control group. By adding ethanol at 50 mM we have seen an statistic significant difference in oxydative stress in the cells of all three types (lymphocytes 9.19%, monocytes 32% and granulocytes 36%). With a concentration of 25 mM of ethanol the oxydative stress is increased but without a significant difference (lymphocytes 2.39%, monocytes 9.22% and granulocytes 4.46%). We have also seen toxic cellular effect which reaches the 40.75% of cells with ethanol at 50 mM, the 10.7% with ethanol at 25 mM and the 5.65% with bacteria. CONCLUSION: The oxydative stress caused by the production of oxygen and ethanol free radicals in the leucocytes, and the proved cytotoxic effect of ethanol may play an important role over the qualitative and the quantitative leucocyte disorder on different organs and tissues of the alcoholic patient.
Assuntos
Etanol/toxicidade , Radicais Livres/sangue , Leucócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Citometria de Fluxo , HumanosRESUMO
Fifteen cases of nasosinusal inverted papilloma treated in our department from 1994 to 2000 are reported. The most frequent initial symptom was unilateral nasal obstruction. Some others symptoms were rhinorrea, facial pain and self limited epistaxis. The most frequent surgical procedure performed was the paralateral rhinotomy with medial maxillectomy. The median average for the follow up was 28 months, being diagnosed one recurrence. The paralateral rhinotomy with a medial maxillectomy, under functional endoscopic nasosinusal techniques are being more and more used, decreasing the indications of open techniques.
Assuntos
Papiloma Invertido/diagnóstico por imagem , Papiloma Invertido/patologia , Neoplasias dos Seios Paranasais/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias dos Seios Paranasais/patologia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Papiloma Invertido/cirurgia , Neoplasias dos Seios Paranasais/cirurgia , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios XRESUMO
Fibrous dysplasia is a rare bone disease that can be misdiagnosed because of the slowness of its symptoms. Although it is a benign disease its clinical behaviour can be severe, with possibility of local growth and malignant degeneration into osteosarcoma. An uncommon case of fibrous dysplasia is reported, affecting only the middle turbinate. Diagnostic and therapeutic problems are discussed.
Assuntos
Ossos Faciais , Displasia Fibrosa Poliostótica/diagnóstico , Crânio , Conchas Nasais/patologia , Endoscopia/métodos , Displasia Fibrosa Poliostótica/cirurgia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Conchas Nasais/diagnóstico por imagem , Conchas Nasais/cirurgiaRESUMO
An area integrator for the thermodilution curve in cardiac output measurement is described. A new temperature sensor is used, a diode with some advantages over the thermistor normally used. The main advantages are: easy calibration and replacement, and broad range of linearity. The cardiac output values obtained in dog with the integrator follow a linear relationship with those of the flowmeter. In simultaneous measurements the correlation is R = 0.96. Using a diode as temperature sensor a modification of the Steward Hamilton equation (used for thermistor) is necessary. With this new equation a monogram is performed to calculate the cardiac output from the area given by the numerical integrator.