Isolation of two different Ni2Zn complexes with an unprecedented cocrystal formed by one of them and a "coordination positional isomer" of the other.

A new homometallic trinuclear Ni(II) complex [(NiL)2Ni(NCS)2] (1) and three heterometallic trinuclear Ni(II)-Zn(II)-Ni(II) complexes [(NiL)2Zn(NCS)2] (2), [(NiL)2Zn(NCS)2(CH3OH)2]·2CH3OH (3) and {[(NiL)2Zn(NCS)2(CH3OH)2]} {[(NiL)2Zn(NCS)2]} (4) have been synthesized by using the "complex as ligand" approach with the "metalloligand" [NiL] (H2L = N,N'-bis(salicylidene)-1,3-propanediamine) and thiocyanate in different ratios. All the complexes have been structurally and magnetically characterized. In the isomorphous complexes 1 and 2, the two terminal square planar Ni atoms and the central octahedral nickel atom (in 1) or zinc atom (in 2) are arranged in a bent structure where two cis κN-SCN(-) thiocyanate ions are coordinated to the central atom. The chemical composition of 3 is very similar to that of 2 but, in 3, the central Zn atom is tetrahedral and the κN-SCN(-) thiocyanate ions occupy an axial position of each terminal nickel atom (which now are octahedral with the sixth position occupied by a methanol molecule). Complex 4 consists of two closely related trinuclear units 4A and 4B. In 4A, the coordination environments of the metals are identical to those of 3 whereas 4B is a "coordination position isomer" of complex 2 with the central square pyramidal Zn and one of the terminal square pyramidal Ni atoms coordinated by two κN-SCN(-) thiocyanate ions. Complex 4 is a unique example of a cocrystal formed by two similar trinuclear units (4A and 4B) where 4A is identical to an existing complex (3) and 4B is a "coordination position isomer" of another existing complex (2).

Systematic Review On Major Antiviral Phytocompounds from Common Medicinal Plants Against SARS-CoV-2.

Viral infections are rising around the globe and with evolving virus types and increasing varieties of viral invasions; the human body is developing antimicrobial resistance continuously. This is making the fight of mankind against viruses weak and unsecured. On the other hand, changing lifestyle, globalization and human activities adversely affecting the environment are opening up risks for new viral predominance on human race. In this context the world has witnessed the pandemic of the human Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) recently. The disease is caused by the Coronavirus namely Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV- 2). METHOD AND MATERIAL: Developing potential and effective vaccine is also time consuming and challenging. The huge resource of plants around us has rich source of potent antiviral compounds. Some of these molecules may serve as tremendously potent lead molecules whose slight structural modifications may give us highly bioactive antiviral derivatives of phytocompounds. Every geographical region is rich in unique plant biodiversity and hence every corner of the world with rich plant biodiversity can serve as abode for potential magical phytocompounds most of which have not been extensively explored for development of antiviral drug formulations against various viruses like HIV, HPV etc., and the Coronavirus, also known as SARS-CoV-2 which causes the disease COVID-19. RESULT: Several phytocompounds from various medicinal plants have already been screened using in silico tools and some of them have yielded promising results establishing themselves as potent lead molecules for development of drugs against the highly mutating SARS-CoV-2 virus and thus these phytocompounds may be beneficial in treating COVID-19 and help human to win the life threatening battle against the deadly virus. CONCLUSION: The best advantage is that these phytocompounds being derived from nature in most of the cases, come with minimum or no side effects compared to that of chemically synthesized conventional bioactive compounds and are indigenously available hence are the source of cost effective drug formulations with strong therapeutic potentials.

Di-, tri-, and tetranuclear nickel(II) complexes with oximato bridges: magnetism and catecholase-like activity of two tetranuclear complexes possessing rhombic topology.

Oxime-based tridentate Schiff base ligands 3-[2-(diethylamino)ethylimino]butan-2-one oxime (HL(1)) and 3-[3-(dimethylamino)propylimino]butan-2-one oxime (HL(2)) produced the dinuclear complex [Ni2L(1)2](ClO4)2 (1) and trinuclear complex [Ni3(HL(2))3(µ3-O)](ClO4)4·CH3CN (2), respectively, upon reaction with Ni(ClO4)2·6H2O. However, in a slightly alkaline medium, both of the ligands underwent hydrolysis and resulted in tetranuclear complexes [{Ni(deen)(H2O)}2(µ3-OH)2{Ni2(moda)4}](ClO4)2·2CH3CN (3) and [{Ni(dmpn)(CH3CN)2}2(µ3-OH)2{Ni2(moda)4}](ClO4)2·CH3CN (4), where deen = 2-(diethylamino)ethylamine, dmpn = 3-(dimethylamino)-1-propylamine, and modaH = diacetyl monoxime. All four complexes have been structurally characterized. Complex 1 is a centrosymmetric dimer where the square planar nickel(II) atoms are joined solely by the oximato bridges. In complex 2, three square planar nickel atoms form a triangular core through a central oxido (µ3-O) and peripheral oximato bridges. Tetranuclear complexes 3 and 4 consist of four distorted octahedral nickel(II) ions held together in a rhombic chair arrangement by two central µ3-OH and four peripheral oximato bridges. Magnetic susceptibility measurements indicated that dinuclear 1 and trinuclear 2 exhibited diamagnetic behavior, while tetranuclear complexes 3 and 4 were found to have dominant antiferromagnetic intramolecular coupling with concomitant ferromagnetic interactions. Despite its singlet ground state, both 3 and 4 serve as useful examples of Kahn's model for competing spin interactions. High-frequency EPR studies were also attempted, but no signal was detected, likely due to the large energy gap between the ground and first excited state. Complexes 3 and 4 exhibited excellent catecholase-like activity in the aerial oxidation of 3,5-di-tert-butylcatechol to the corresponding o-quinone, whereas 1 and 2 did not show such catalytic activity. Kinetic data analyses of this oxidation reaction in acetonitrile revealed that the catalytic activity of 3 (kcat = 278.4 h(-1)) was slightly lower than that of 4 (kcat = 300.0 h(-1)). X-band EPR spectroscopy indicated that the reaction proceeded through the formation of iminoxyl-type radicals.

Differences in nuclearity, molecular shapes, and coordination modes of azide in the complexes of Cd(II) and Hg(II) with a "metalloligand" [CuL] (H2L = N,N'-bis(salicylidene)-1,3-propanediamine): characterization in solid and in solutions, and theoretical calculations.

Two new heterometallic copper(II)-mercury(II) complexes [(CuL)Hg(N3)2]n (1) and [(CuL)2Hg(N3)2] (2) and one copper(II)-cadmium(II) complex [(CuL)2Cd(N3)2] (3) have been synthesized using "metalloligand" [CuL] (where H2L = N,N'-bis(salicylidene)-1,3-propanediamine) and structurally characterized. Complex 1 is a one-dimensional (1D) helical coordination polymer constructed by the joining of the dinuclear [(CuL)Hg(N3)2] units through a single µ-l,l azido bridge. In the dinuclear unit the Hg(II) is bonded with two phenoxido oxygen atoms of "metalloligand" [CuL] and two nitrogen atoms of azido ligands. Complex 2 is a linear trinuclear entity, in which two terminal "metalloligands" [CuL] are coordinated to central Hg(II) through double phenoxido bridges. The azido ligands link the central mercury atom with the terminal copper atoms via µ-l,3 bridges. In contrast, the trinuclear complex 3 is bent. Here, in addition to two double phenoxido bridges, central Cd(II) is bonded to two mutually cis nitrogen atoms of two terminal azido ligands. The variation in the coordination modes of the azido ligand seems to be responsible for the different molecular shapes of 2 and 3. Interestingly, bond distances between the Hg atoms and the central nitrogen atom of the azido ligands are 2.790(4) and 2.816(5) Å in 1 and 2.823(4) Å in 2. These bond distances are significantly less than the sum of van der Waals radii of mercury (2.04 Å) and nitrogen (1.55 Å) and considerably longer than the sum of their covalent radii (2.03 Å). However the distances are similar to reported Hg-N bond distances of some Hg(II) complexes. Therefore, we have performed a theoretical density functional theory study to know whether there is any interaction between the central nitrogen atom of the azido ligand and the mercury atoms. We have used the Bader's "atoms-in-molecules", energetic and orbital analyses to conclude that such interaction does not exist. The probable reason for different molecular shapes observed in trinuclear complexes of 2 and 3 also has been studied and explained by theoretical calculations and using the CSD. Electronic spectra, EPR spectra and ESI mass spectra show that all three complexes lose their solid state identity in solution.

Insertion of a hydroxido bridge into a diphenoxido dinuclear copper(II) complex: drastic change of the magnetic property from strong antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic and enhancement in the catecholase activity.

A diphenoxido-bridged dinuclear copper(II) complex, [Cu(2)L(2)(ClO(4))(2)] (1), has been synthesized using a tridentate reduced Schiff base ligand, 2-[[2-(diethylamino)ethylamino]methyl]phenol (HL). The addition of triethylamine to the methanolic solution of this complex produced a novel triple bridged (double phenoxido and single hydroxido) dinuclear copper(II) complex, [Cu(2)L(2)(OH)]ClO(4) (2). Both complexes 1 and 2 were characterized by X-ray structural analyses, variable-temperature magnetic susceptibility measurements, and spectroscopic methods. In 1, the two phenoxido bridges are equatorial-equatorial and the species shows strong antiferromagnetic coupling with J = -615.6(6.1) cm(-1). The inclusion of the equatorial-equatorial hydroxido bridge in 2 changes the Cu···Cu distance from 3.018 Å (avg.) to 2.798 Å (avg.), the positions of the phenoxido bridges to axial-equatorial, and the magnetic coupling to ferromagnetic with J = 50.1(1.4) cm(-1). Using 3,5-di-tert-butylcatechol as the substrate, the catecholase activity of the complexes has been studied in a methanol solution; compound 2 shows higher catecholase activity (k(cat) = 233.4 h(-1)) than compound 1 (k(cat) = 93.6 h(-1)). Both complexes generate identical species in solution, and they are interconvertible simply by changing the pH of their solutions. The higher catecholase activity of 2 seems to be due to the presence of the OH group, which increases the pH of its solution.

Synthesis, crystal structures, magnetic properties and catecholase activity of double phenoxido-bridged penta-coordinated dinuclear nickel(II) complexes derived from reduced Schiff-base ligands: mechanistic inference of catecholase activity.

Three double phenoxido-bridged dinuclear nickel(II) complexes, namely [Ni(2)(L(1))(2)(NCS)(2)] (1), [Ni(2)(L(2))(2)(NCS)(2)] (2), and [Ni(2)(L(3))(2)(NCS)(2)] (3) have been synthesized using the reduced tridentate Schiff-base ligands 2-[1-(3-methylamino-propylamino)-ethyl]-phenol (HL(1)), 2-[1-(2-dimethylamino-ethylamino)-ethyl]-phenol (HL(2)), and 2-[1-(3-dimethylamino-propylamino)-ethyl]-phenol (HL(3)), respectively. The coordination compounds have been characterized by X-ray structural analyses, magnetic-susceptibility measurements, and various spectroscopic methods. In all complexes, the nickel(II) ions are penta-coordinated in a square-pyramidal environment, which is severely distorted in the case of 1 (Addison parameter τ = 0.47) and 3 (τ = 0.29), while it is almost perfect for 2 (τ = 0.03). This arrangement leads to relatively strong antiferromagnetic interactions between the Ni(II) (S = 1) metal centers as mediated by double phenoxido bridges (with J values of -23.32 (1), -35.45 (2), and -34.02 (3) cm(3) K mol(-1), in the convention H = -2JS(1)S(2)). The catalytic activity of these Ni compounds has been investigated for the aerial oxidation of 3,5-di-tert-butylcatechol. Kinetic data analysis following Michaelis-Menten treatment reveals that the catecholase activity of the complexes is influenced by the flexibility of the ligand and also by the geometry around the metal ion. Electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy (ESI-MS) studies (in the positive mode) have been performed for all the coordination compounds in the presence of 3,5-DTBC to characterize potential complex-substrate intermediates. The mass-spectrometry data, corroborated by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) measurements, suggest that the metal centers are involved in the catecholase activity exhibited by the complexes.

Correction: Mixed azido/phenoxido bridged trinuclear Cu(ii) complexes of Mannich bases: Synthesis, structures, magnetic properties and catalytic oxidase activities.

Correction for 'Mixed azido/phenoxido bridged trinuclear Cu(ii) complexes of Mannich bases: Synthesis, structures, magnetic properties and catalytic oxidase activities' by A. Ghosh et al., Dalton Trans., 2018, 47, 9385-9399.

Mixed azido/phenoxido bridged trinuclear Cu(ii) complexes of Mannich bases: Synthesis, structures, magnetic properties and catalytic oxidase activities.

Three similar Mannich base ligands viz. N,N-bis(3,5-dimethyl-2-hydroxybenzyl)-N',N'-dimethyl-1,3-diaminopropane (H2L1), N,N-bis(3,5-dimethyl-2-hydroxybenzyl)-N',N'-dimethyl-1,2-diaminoethane (H2L2) and N,N-bis(3,5-dimethyl-2-hydroxybenzyl)-N',N'-diethyl-1,2-diaminoethane (H2L3) upon reaction with Cu(CH3COO)2·H2O produced dinuclear complexes [Cu2L21-3]. The reaction of each of these isolated dimeric species with Cu(ClO4)2·6H2O and NaN3 resulted in three new trinuclear complexes, [(CuL1)2(µ1,1-N3)2Cu(H2O)]·CH3OH (1), [(CuL2)2(µ1,1-N3)2Cu(H2O)]·CH3OH (2) and [(CuL3)2(µ1,1-N3)2Cu(H2O)]·2CH3OH (3), respectively. The complexes (1-3) have been characterized by elemental analysis and single crystal X-ray diffraction. In all three complexes, the central Cu(ii) ion is coordinated by two terminal [CuL] units through a phenoxido and an azido bridge. These are the first trinuclear Cu(ii) complexes of this type of Mannich base ligands. Magnetic susceptibility measurements showed intramolecular antiferromagnetic interactions with J = -64.42, -9.60 and -4.54 cm-1 for 1, 2 and 3, respectively. All three complexes exhibited catecholase-like and phenoxazinone synthase-like activities towards the aerobic oxidation of 3,5-di-tert-butylcatechol and o-aminophenol, respectively. The turnover numbers (kcat) for the aerobic oxidation of 3,5-di-tert-butylcatechol are 568.8, 542.1 and 500.4 h-1 and those of o-aminophenol are 125.83, 118.9 and 114.7 h-1 for complexes 1-3, respectively. The X-band EPR spectroscopy and estimation of the produced hydrogen peroxide indicated that the aerobic oxidation of 3,5-di-tert-butylcatechol proceeded through the formation of a semiquinonate radical. The mechanism of phenoxazinone synthase-like activities is also proposed for trinuclear Cu(ii) catalysts with the help of mass spectral analysis.

Exploring the coordinative adaptation and molecular shapes of trinuclear CuM(II) (M = Zn/Cd) complexes derived from salen type Schiff bases: structural and theoretical studies.

Three new trinuclear hetero-metallic complexes [(CuL)2Zn(NCS)2] (1), [(CuL(R))2Zn(NCS)(µ1,1-NCS)] (2) and [(CuL(R))2Cd(µ1,3-NCS)2] (4) have been synthesized using [CuL] and [CuL(R)] as "metalloligands" (where H2L = N,N'-bis(salicylidene)-1,3-propanediamine and H2L(R) = N,N'-bis(2-hydroxybenzyl)-1,3-propanediamine). All three complexes are characterized by elemental analysis, spectroscopic methods and single crystal XRD. Complex 1 is an angular trinuclear species, in which two terminal four-coordinate square planar "metalloligands" [CuL] are coordinated to a central Zn(ii) through double phenoxido bridges along with two mutually cis nitrogen atoms of terminal isothiocyanate ions as is usually found in such complexes. In contrast, in complex 2, the two terminal "metalloligands" [CuL(R)] are square pyramidal, as one of the SCN(-) ions makes an unusual µ1,1-NCS bridge between copper centers while the other one coordinates to Zn(ii) through a N atom in a usual fashion making its geometry also square pyramidal. For 4 which possesses an angular trinuclear structure, in addition to double phenoxido bridges from two terminal [CuL(R)], both the SCN(-) ions are S-bonded to Cd(ii) and form a bridge (cis-µ1,3-SCN) between Cd(ii) and each of the terminal Cu(ii) ions. This structure is different from its unreduced analogue in which NCS(-) was N-terminal coordinated to Cd(ii) (3/3'). All the structures have been optimized using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. It has been found that for H2L, optimized structures like 1 and 2 differ only by 0.4 kcal mol(-1) but the H2L(R) structure 2 is more stable by 5.5 kcal mol(-1) than the structure resembling 1. For Cd(ii) complexes also, H2L optimized structures such as 3 and 4 do not differ significantly in energy (1.0 kcal mol(-1)) but the H2L(R) structure 4 is more stable than that of 3 by 4.6 kcal mol(-1). In fact, structure 4 has been found to be the most stable one among the other possible isomers of H2L(R).

Influence of the central metal ion in controlling the self-assembly and magnetic properties of 2D coordination polymers derived from [(NiL)2M](2+) nodes (M = Ni, Zn and Cd) (H2L = salen-type di-Schiff base) and dicyanamide spacers.

Three new 2D coordination polymers (CPs) (2)∞[(NiL)2Ni(µ1,5-N(CN)2)2]n (), (2)∞[(NiL)2Cd(µ1,5-N(CN)2)2]n () and (2)∞[(NiL)2Zn(µ1,5-N(CN)2)2]n () have been synthesized by reacting a [NiL] "metalloligand" (where H2L = N,N'-bis(salicylidene)-1,3-propanediamine) with three different metal(ii) (Ni, Cd and Zn) perchlorates and sodium dicyanamide, with identical molar ratios of the reactants. All three products have been characterized by IR and UV-Vis spectroscopies, elemental analyses, powder and single crystal X-ray diffraction and variable temperature magnetic measurements. The isomorphous compounds and consist of similar [(NiL)2M(µ1,5-N(CN)2)] (M = Ni for and Cd for ) angular trinuclear units in which two terminal "metalloligands" [NiL] coordinate to the central nickel(ii) (in ) or cadmium(ii) (in ) ion through phenoxido oxygen atoms. The µ1,5-bridging dicyanamido spacers connect the central Ni(ii) or Cd(ii) of one node to terminal Ni(ii) of two different nodes giving rise to 2D CPs. Compound also contains trinuclear units with the same formula as those of and : [(NiL)2M(µ1,5-N(CN)2)] (M = Zn in ). The main differences are that these units are linear in and the dicyanamide spacers link only the nickel atoms of neighbouring nodes. As in and , these trinuclear units are connected to four other units via four µ1,5-bridging dicyanamido ligands, giving rise to 2D CP with a similar topology: a uninodal 4-connected underlying net with the sql (Shubnikov tetragonal plane net) topology and (4(4)·6(2)) point symbol. The magnetic properties show the presence of moderate intra-trimer antiferromagnetic interactions in (J = -12.9 cm(-1)) and weak antiferromagnetic interactions between the terminal Ni(ii) ions in (J = -2.4 cm(-1)). In the Ni(ii) ions are well isolated by the central Zn(ii) ion and accordingly, only a very weak antiferromagnetic interaction through the single µ1,5-bridging dicyanamido ligands is observed (J = -0.44 cm(-1), D = -3.9 cm(-1)).

The influence of H-bonding on the 'ambidentate' coordination behaviour of the thiocyanate ion to Cd(II): a combined experimental and theoretical study.

Two new trinuclear hetero-metallic copper(II)-cadmium(II) complexes [(CuL)2Cd(NCS)2] (1) and [(CuL(R))2Cd(SCN)2] (2) have been synthesized using [CuL] and [CuL(R)] as "metalloligands" (where H2L = N,N'-bis(salicylidene)-1,4-butanediamine and H2L(R) = N,N'-bis(2-hydroxybenzyl)-1,4-butanediamine) respectively. Both the complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, various spectroscopic methods and single crystal XRD. Complex 1 is an angular trinuclear species, in which two terminal four-coordinate square planar "metalloligands" [CuL] are coordinated to a central Cd(II) through double phenoxido bridges along with two mutually cis nitrogen atoms of terminal thiocyanate ions. In complex 2, which is linear, in addition to the double phenoxido bridge, two SCN(-) coordinate to the trans positions of the central octahedral Cd(II) via S atoms. Theoretical calculations on the energetic difference between the two possible coordination modes of the thiocyanate anion to the Cd atom reveal that N-coordination is preferred over S-coordination in agreement with the much greater abundance of the reported N-bonded structures. In 2, there is a strong N-H···NCS-Cd H-bonding interaction, the binding energy of which is computed to be approximately -9.3 kcal mol(-1), which is sufficient to compensate the 9.0 kcal mol(-1) of energetic cost due to the unusual Cd-SCN coordination mode.

pH dependent facile synthesis of di- and trinuclear oxime based Cu(II) complexes: antiferromagnetic coupling in the dinuclear cores and spin frustration in the triangular core.

An oxime based tridentate Schiff base ligand 3-[3-(dimethylamino)propylimino]butan-2-one oxime (HL) produced two dinuclear compounds [Cu2L2(H2O)](ClO4)2 () and [Cu2L2(H2O)](BF4)2 (), and a hexanuclear compound [{Cu3(HL)3(O3ClO)(µ3-O)}2(µ-H)](ClO4)7 () when it was reacted with Cu(ClO4)2·6H2O or Cu(BF4)2·6H2O at different pH values. All three compounds have been structurally and magnetically characterized. Compounds and are dinuclear species in which the two square planar copper(ii) ions are joined solely by the double oximato bridges. On the other hand, the hexanuclear compound consists of two triangular Cu3O cores held together by a proton separated by an OO distance of 2.498(10) Å. The three square pyramidal copper(ii) ions at the corners of an isosceles triangle form a triangular core through central oxido (µ3-O) and peripheral oximato bridges. Each triangular Cu3O core is capped by an unusual triply coordinated (µ3-perchlorato-O,O',O'') perchlorate anion. Variable-temperature (2-300 K) magnetic susceptibility measurements show that compounds exhibit a strong antiferromagnetic interaction with J values -562.6, -633.1 and -636.0 cm(-1) respectively. The X-band EPR data at low temperature clearly indicate the presence of a spin frustration phenomenon in complex .

An unprecedented "linear-bent" isomerism in tri-nuclear Cu2(II)Zn(II) complexes with a salen type di-Schiff base ligand.

Two new trinuclear hetero-metallic copper(II)-zinc(II) complexes [(CuL)(2)Zn(N(3))(2)] (1A and 1B) have been synthesized using [CuL] as a so-called "metalloligand" (where H(2)L = N,N'-bis(salicylidene)-1,3-propanediamine) and structurally characterized. Complexes 1A and 1B have the same molecular formula but crystallize in different crystal systems (triclinic for 1A and monoclinic for 1B) with space group P1 for 1A and P2(1)/c for 1B. 1A is an angular trinuclear species, in which two terminal four-coordinate square planar "metalloligand" [CuL] are coordinated to a central Zn(II) through double phenoxido bridges. The Zn(II) is in a six-coordinate distorted octahedral environment being bonded additionally to two mutually cis nitrogen atoms of terminal azide ions. In complex 1B, in addition to the double phenoxido bridge, the two terminal Cu(II) ions are linked to the central Zn(II) via a µ(-l,l) azido bridge giving rise to a square pyramidal environment around the Cu(II) ions and consequently the structure becomes linear. These two species can be considered as "linear-bent" isomers. EPR spectra and ESI mass spectra show that the two isomers are identical in solution. The DFT calculation reveals that the energy of 1A is 7.06 kcal mol(-1) higher than that of 1B. The existence of both isomers in the solid state suggests that crystal packing interactions in are more efficient and probably compensate for the difference in energy.