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Background Syncope or fainting is the sudden and transient loss of consciousness. This could lead to an increase in mortality due to sudden cardiac death or comorbidity in these patients. Heart rate variability (HRV) is a noninvasive bedside procedure for assessing the cardiovascular autonomic function. There may be an abnormal alteration in the HRV parameters in syncope patients. This can be used for looking into cardiovascular autonomic changes in syncope. This would help in early diagnosis and intervention. Objective The aim of this present study was to compare the HRV parameters between unexplained syncope patients and age-matched healthy controls and to find a correlation between HRV parameters and cardiovascular parameters like pulse and mean blood pressure. Materials and methods A five-minute continuous electrocardiogram (ECG) was recorded and HRV analysis was done by ADInstruments' PowerLab (Oxford, United Kingdom) for 25 cases and 25 controls. Results The mean standard deviation of the RR interval (SDRR) in milliseconds was found to be significantly lower in the cases (21.93 ± 3.53) as compared to controls (71.27 ± 27.40). The mean value of the low-frequency to high-frequency ratio (LF/HF) was significantly higher in cases (1.43 ± 0.40) as compared to controls (0.98 ± 1.07). However, there was no significant correlation between the pulse, blood pressure, and HRV measures. Conclusion The findings suggest a sympathetic predominance in the cases of unexplained syncope as compared to the controls.
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OBJECTIVES: This study aims to determine the forced vital capacity (FVC) and slow vital capacity (SVC) along with other pulmonary functions in Indian diabetic patients for early diagnosis of pulmonary function reduction and to compare the ratios of forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) with FVC and SVC (FEV1/FVC and FEV1/SVC) in diabetic patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective observational study was carried out in the physiology department for two years after the approval of the institutional ethics committee. The study included 90 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients previously diagnosed by the physician and 90 age and sex-matched controls for spirometric tests. Medspiror having Helios 401 software (Recorders & Medicare Systems Pvt. Ltd., Panchkula, India) was used to assess the pulmonary function in all subjects. A comparison of dynamic pulmonary function parameters among non-diabetic and diabetic groups and non-obese vs. overweight/obese individuals of the diabetic group has been done. FEV1/FVC ratio vs. FEV1/SVC ratio comparison was conducted between the non-obese vs. the overweight/obese group in diabetic patients. RESULTS: A significant variation in FEV1 and FVC was observed in the type 2 diabetic group as compared to the non-diabetic group. However, in the case of type 2 diabetic subjects, FEV1/FVC ratio was almost constant in both BMI groups, whereas the FEV1/SVC ratio increased in the overweight/obese group. CONCLUSION: Type 2 diabetes mellitus accounts for a predictive factor for worsening pulmonary function. SVC, particularly the FEV1/SVC ratio, can be an earlier diagnostic marker for pulmonary dysfunction in diabetic subjects as this ratio changes even with a constant FEV1/FVC ratio.