The effect of social anxiety on teenagers' internet addiction: the mediating role of loneliness and coping styles.

BACKGROUND & AIM: There is a lack of understanding of how social anxiety may affect Internet addiction among adolescents. Based on several theories, the purpose of this study was to investigate the multiple mediating roles of loneliness and coping styles in the association between social anxiety and Internet addiction in Chinese adolescents. METHODS: This study used the Social Anxiety Scale, Internet Addiction Test, Loneliness Scale, and Simple Coping Style Questionnaire to investigate 1188 students in two junior high schools and senior high schools in Henan Province, China. We adopted Pearson's correlation analysis and the PROCESS Macro Model 81 in regression analysis to explore the relationships among social anxiety, loneliness, coping styles, and Internet addiction. RESULTS: We found that social anxiety not only directly affects teenagers' Internet addiction, but also affects teenagers' Internet addiction through loneliness and coping styles. CONCLUSIONS: These results emphasize the importance of improving social anxiety to reduce Internet addiction among adolescents. At the same time, it also emphasizes the need to reduce adolescents' loneliness and cultivating positive coping styles. In addition, this study has certain theoretical significance for teenagers' mental health and intervention studies on Internet addiction.

The effect of work readiness on work well-being for newly graduated nurses: The mediating role of emotional labor and psychological capital.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between work readiness and work well-being for newly graduated nurses and the mediating role of emotional labor and psychological capital in this relationship. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in mainland China. A total of 478 newly graduated nurses completed the Work Readiness Scale, Emotional Labour Scale, Psychological Capital Questionnaire, and Work Well-being Scale. Descriptive statistical methods, Pearson correlation analysis, and a structural equation model were used to analyze the available data. RESULTS: Newly graduated nurses' work readiness was significantly positively correlated with work well-being (r = 0.21, p < 0.01), deep acting (r = 0.11, p < 0.05), and psychological capital (r = 0.18, p < 0.01). Emotional labor and psychological capital partially mediated the relationship between work readiness and work well-being. Additionally, emotional labor and psychological capital had a chain-mediating effect on the association. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Work readiness not only affects newly graduated nurses' work well-being directly but also indirectly through emotional labor and psychological capital. These results provide theoretical support and guidance for the study and improvement of newly graduated nurses' work well-being and emphasize the importance of intervention measures to improve work readiness and psychological capital and the adoption of deep-acting emotional-labor strategies.

Correlates of death anxiety for patients with cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to identify the factors related to cancer death anxiety based on available evidence. DESIGN: This systematic review and meta-analysis followed the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. METHODS: Seven databases were searched to identify studies on the relationships of cancer death anxiety with demographic characteristics, disease factors and psychosocial factors from inception to May 2023. The Agency for Medical Research and Quality (AHRQ) scale was used to evaluate the quality of the included studies. After two researchers independently completed the literature search, data extraction and quality evaluation, meta-analysis was conducted by using RevMan5.3 and Stata 17.0 software. RESULTS: In total, 52 studies were included in this review. The results revealed that there were positive correlations of death anxiety with female sex, the symptom burden, anxiety levels, depression levels, fear of recurrence, attachment avoidance, psychological distress, resignation and confrontation coping. Death anxiety was negatively correlated with age, education level, ability to perform daily activities, self-esteem, spiritual well-being, sense of meaning in life, resilience, quality of life, social support and religious beliefs. CONCLUSIONS: Our results can inform the design of interventions to address death anxiety and improve the overall quality of life of cancer patients. Healthcare professionals should promptly identify and focus on death anxiety in high-risk populations of cancer patients. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Cancer patients commonly experience death anxiety, and this anxiety has a nonnegligible impact on patients' mental health and overall quality of life. This study can inform the development of interventions by clinical healthcare professionals. NO PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: This was a meta-analysis based on data from previous studies.

Professional identity and sense of coherence affect the between compassion fatigue and work engagement among Chinese hospital nurses.

BACKGROUND: With the continuous improvement of people's health needs, the public's requirements for medical care are also getting higher and higher. Work engagement is a positive psychological state related to the work. It is very important to maintain nurses' work engagement, however, due to many factors, the level of nurses' work engagement is not high and nursing managers should identify the influencing factors of work engagement, and take positive measures to fully improve nurses' work engagement. OBJECTIVES: To explore the influence of compassion fatigue, professional identity and sense of coherence on nurses' work engagement. METHODS: From January 2022 to June 2022, convenience sampling was used to select clinical nurses from 9 tertiary hospitals in Henan Province of China as the research objects for a questionnaire survey. Statistical methods included descriptive statistical analysis, Pearson correlation analysis and the PROCESS Macro Model 4 and 7 in regression analysis. RESULTS: The results showed that compassion fatigue was significantly negatively correlated with sense of coherence, professional identity and work engagement (P<0.01), professional identity was significantly positively correlated with sense of coherence and work engagement (P<0.01), and there was a significant positive correlation between sense of coherence and work engagement (P<0.01). Professional identity played a partial mediating role between compassion fatigue and work engagement, accounting for 46.40% of the total effect; meanwhile, sense of coherence moderated the effect of compassion fatigue on professional identity and formed a moderated mediation model. CONCLUSIONS: Compassion fatigue has a negative predictive effect on nurses' work engagement. Professional identity and sense of coherence further explained the relationship of compassion fatigue on compassion fatigue and work engagement through mediating and moderating effects.

The Effect of Bullying Victimization on Adolescent Non-Suicidal Self-Injury: The Mediating Roles of Alexithymia and Self-Esteem.

Background & Aim: Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) in adolescents is a serious public health issue influenced by the interaction of multiple factors. The purpose of this study was to investigate the multiple mediating roles of alexithymia and self-esteem in the association between bullying victimization and NSSI in a sample of Chinese adolescents. Methods: A survey of 1299 adolescents from two public middle schools in Henan Province, China, was undertaken. Data were collected using the Chinese version of the Delaware bullying victimization scale-student (DBVS-S), the Toronto Alexithymia-20 Scale (TAS-20-C), the Rosenberg self-esteem scale (RSES), and the adolescent self-injury questionnaire. Besides, we performed a structural equation modeling (SEM) with latent variables using AMOS 26.0 to examine the relationship between variables and the mediating effects. Results: The SEM analysis found that not only can bullying victimization directly impact NSSI, but that alexithymia and self-esteem have a chain mediating effect in the association between bullying victimization and NSSI. This mediating effect contributed 22.47% to the total effect. Conclusion: These findings validate bullying victimization, alexithymia, and low self-esteem are important variables that affect NSSI among Chinese adolescents. Educators need to implement some prevention and intervention strategies to ameliorate the campus atmosphere and adolescents' mental health aimed at avoiding NSSI behavior in adolescence.

The Relationship Between Illness Uncertainty and Social Support Among Cancer Patients: A Meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: As a common psychological problem in cancer patients, illness uncertainty has attracted wide attention from scholars. Some studies have pointed out that the level of social support may affect illness uncertainty in patients with cancer, but the results of these studies remain controversial. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between illness uncertainty and social support in patients with cancer using meta-analysis. METHODS: PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, EBSCO, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform, and VIP Citation Database were searched for articles published up to 2022. The screening of the literature, data extraction, and quality assessment of the included studies were performed independently by 2 researchers. Stata 17.0 software was used to analyze the overall and moderation effects. RESULTS: Notably, 41 studies involving 5403 patients were included. The results showed that the illness uncertainty of adults with cancer was moderately negatively correlated with social support (r = -0.33). Country, publication year, cancer type, and instrument used to measure social support moderated the association between illness uncertainty and social support. CONCLUSION: Improving the level of social support can reduce illness uncertainty experienced by adults with cancer to a certain extent. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: This review provides a clear direction for implementing precise interventions to reduce illness uncertainty among adults with cancer. Furthermore, patients with cancer with high morbidity and mortality rates deserve greater attention from healthcare personnel and family caregivers.

The relationship between childhood trauma and internet addiction in adolescents: A meta-analysis.

Objective: Many studies have explored the relationship between childhood trauma and internet addiction from different theoretical perspectives; however, the results have been inconsistent. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to examine the relationship between childhood trauma and internet addiction. Methods: The PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, CNKI, Wanfang and VIP electronic databases were searched to identify studies examining the correlation between childhood trauma and adolescent internet addiction. The databases were searched from inception to December 31, 2022. Two researchers independently screened the literature, extracted the data, and evaluated the risk of bias of the included studies. Then, Stata 17.0 software was used to perform meta-analysis. Results: This study was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42023388699). A total of 19 studies involving 21,398 adolescents were included in this meta-analysis. The random effects model was used for pooled analysis, and the results revealed a strong positive association between childhood trauma and internet addiction (r = 0.395, 95% CI [0.345, 0.442]). The relationship between childhood trauma and internet addiction was moderated by sample size, survey area, and internet addiction measurement tools. There were significant differences between the associations based on the various child trauma measurement tools and study quality scores. However, interstudy heterogeneity was not significantly affected by study year, sample source, or participant age. Conclusion: Internet addiction is positively correlated with childhood trauma. Therefore, it is extremely important for parents to provide a good growth environment during childhood to enhance the physical and mental development of adolescents. A warm family atmosphere helps individuals develop a healthy personality, thereby reducing or preventing the occurrence of internet addiction. Due to the limited number and low quality of the included studies, the above conclusions need to be verified by additional high-quality studies.

Stigma and loneliness among young and middle-aged stroke survivors: A moderated mediation model of interpersonal sensitivity and resilience.

WHAT IS KNOWN ABOUT THE SUBJECT?: Loneliness is common among young and middle-aged stroke survivors. It not only hinders the recovery of their neurological and physical functions but also increases the risk of stroke recurrence, disability, and even death. Improving the mental health of young and middle-aged stroke survivors is of utmost importance. However, previous research has not yet investigated the impact of interpersonal sensitivity and resilience on the relationship between stigma and feelings of loneliness. WHAT THE PAPER ADDS TO EXISTING KNOWLEDGE?: This study confirms that stigma has a positive impact on loneliness among young and middle-aged stroke survivors. Interpersonal sensitivity partially mediates the relationship between stigma and loneliness, and resilience plays a moderating role in the mediating mechanism. WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE?: Mental health nurses can formulate nursing interventions to reduce loneliness of young and middle-aged stroke survivors with the goals of improving stigma, reducing interpersonal sensitivity and cultivating resilience. ABSTRACT: Introduction Previous studies have not explored the impact of interpersonal sensitivity and resilience on the relationship between stigma and loneliness. However, improving the resilience of young and middle-aged stroke survivors and increasing their social participation is of great significance for reducing patients' loneliness of patients and promoting their physical and mental rehabilitation. Aims To investigate the influence of stigma, interpersonal sensitivity and resilience on loneliness among young and middle-aged stroke survivors. Methods A cross-sectional design was used to collect data. A total of 330 participants completed measures of stigma, resilience, interpersonal sensitivity and loneliness. The descriptive statistical approach, Pearson's correlation analysis and Hayes' PROCESS Macro Model 4 and 7 in regression analysis were used to analyse the available data. Results The results revealed that young and middle-aged stroke survivors' stigma, resilience, interpersonal sensitivity and loneliness were significantly correlated between every two variables, with coefficients ranging between -0.157 and 0.682. Interpersonal sensitivity played a partial mediating role in stigma and loneliness, accounting for 63.27% of the total effect; This process was moderated by resilience. Discussion Stigma positively predicts participants' loneliness. As a mediating mechanism with moderating, interpersonal sensitivity and resilience further explain how stigma affects loneliness. Implications for Practice Understanding this mechanism is of guiding significance to reduce loneliness of young and middle-aged stroke patients and promote their physical and mental rehabilitation.

The role of taurine in male reproduction: Physiology, pathology and toxicology.

Taurine, a sulfur-containing amino acid, has a wide range of biological effects, such as bile salt formation, osmotic regulation, oxidative stress inhibition, immunomodulation and neuromodulation. Taurine has been proved to be synthesized and abundant in male reproductive organs. Recently, accumulating data showed that taurine has a potential protective effect on reproductive function of male animals. In physiology, taurine can promote the endocrine function of the hypothalamus-pituitary-testis (HPT) axis, testicular tissue development, spermatogenesis and maturation, delay the aging of testicular structure and function, maintain the homeostasis of the testicular environment, and enhance sexual ability. In pathology, taurine supplement may be beneficial to alleviate pathological damage of male reproductive system, including oxidative damage of sperm preservation in vitro, testicular reperfusion injury and diabetes -induced reproductive complications. In addition, taurine acts as a protective agent against toxic damage to the male reproductive system by exogenous substances (e.g., therapeutic drugs, environmental pollutants, radiation). Related mechanisms include reduced oxidative stress, increased antioxidant capacity, inhibited inflammation and apoptosis, restored the secretory activity of the HPT axis, reduced chromosomal variation, enhanced sperm mitochondrial energy metabolism, cell membrane stabilization effect, etc. Therefore, this article reviewed the protective effect of taurine on male reproductive function and its detailed mechanism, in order to provide reference for further research and clinical application.

The relationship between stigma and psychological distress among people with diabetes: a meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Diabetes may perceive or experience varying degrees of stigma and psychological distress. The association between diabetes-related stigma and psychological distress has been examined in many studies, but no research has used a quantitative synthesis method to investigate the severity of this association and the moderators of the relationship. Thus, we conducted a meta-analysis to quantitatively integrate previous findings to identify the magnitude of the association between stigma and psychological distress among people with diabetes. REVIEW METHODS: Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines, we systematically searched four English academic databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and PsycINFO) and three Chinese databases (China National Knowledge Infrastructure [CNKI], WANFANG Data, China Science and Technology Journal Database [VIP]). The databases were searched from the inception of each database to the end of March 2023. The pooled correlation coefficient of the association between stigma and psychological distress among people with diabetes was calculated by a random effects model using Stata software (version 17.0), and several moderators that impacted this relationship were identified. RESULTS: Eligible studies (N = 19) with a total of 12,777 participants were analysed. The pooled correlation was high between diabetes-related stigma and psychological distress (r = 0.50, 95% CI: [0.43-0.57]). Moreover, the association was moderated by the diabetes stigma measurement tools and diabetes distress measurement tools used. However, the relationship was not moderated by type of diabetes, age, gender, geographical location, or type of stigma. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the meta-analysis showed that stigma is strongly related to psychological distress among people with diabetes. Longitudinal or experimental research should be expanded in the future to further identify the causal pathways in the relationship between diabetes stigma and diabetes distress.

The effect of parenting styles on Chinese undergraduate nursing students' academic procrastination: the mediating role of causal attribution and self-efficacy.

Background: Academic procrastination is common among college students, but there is a lack of research on the influencing mechanism of academic procrastination among nursing students. The purpose of this study was to explore the influence of parental rearing patterns on academic procrastination of nursing students, and the mediating role of causal attribution and self-efficacy. Methods: Using Parental Bonding Instrument, Aitken Procrastination Inventory, Multidimensional Multi-Attribution Causality Scale and General Self-Efficiency Scale, the data of 683 nursing undergraduates from two universities in China were collected. Moreover, path analysis for structural equation modeling via AMOS 26.0 to evaluate mediation path model. Results: Positive parenting style was negatively associated with academic procrastination (r = -0.350) and negative parenting style was positively associated with academic procrastination (r = 0.402). Positive parenting style directly or indirectly predicted academic procrastination through the mediating effect of internal attributional style (ß = -0.10, 95% CI: -0.18 to -0.04) and self-efficacy (ß = -0.07, 95% CI: -0.11 to -0.03), and this mediating effect accounted for 41.46% of the total effect. Positive parenting style directly or indirectly predicted academic delay through the mediating effect of external attributional style (ß = 0.12, 95% CI: 0.07 to 0.17) and self-efficacy (ß = 0.05, 95% CI: 0.03 to 0.08), and this mediating effect accounted for 42.5% of the total effect. In addition, causal attribution and self-efficacy of nursing students play a chain intermediary role between parenting style and academic procrastination. Conclusion: Parents should give students more care and autonomy and reduce control. In addition, educators should give students attribution training, which is helpful to improve students' self-efficacy and reduce academic procrastination.

Estrogen plays an important role by influencing the NLRP3 inflammasome.

The nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is an important part of the natural immune system that plays an important role in many diseases. Estrogen is a sex hormone that plays an important role in controlling reproduction and regulates many physiological and pathological processes. Recent studies have indicated that estrogen is associated with disease progression. Estrogen can ameliorate some diseases (e. g, sepsis, mood disturbances, cerebral ischemia, some hepatopathy, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease, spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, osteoarthritis, and renal fibrosis) by inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome. Estrogen can also promote the development of diseases (e.g., ovarian endometriosis, dry eye disease, and systemic lupus erythematosus) by upregulating the NLRP3 inflammasome. In addition, estrogen has a dual effect on the development of cancers and asthma. However, the mechanism of these effects is not summarized. This article reviewed the progress in understanding the effects of estrogen on the NLRP3 inflammasome and its mechanisms in recent years to provide a theoretical basis for an in-depth study.

Perceived parenting style and Chinese nursing undergraduates' learning motivation: The chain mediating roles of self-efficacy and positive coping style.

AIM: The aim of this study was to examine the chain mediating effects of self-efficacy and positive coping style on the relationship between parenting style and learning motivation in Chinese nursing students. BACKGROUND: Despite the abundance of literature that focuses on learning motivation, there is a lack of research that accurately and thoroughly examines the factors that influence learning motivation among nursing students. DESIGN: This study involved a cross-sectional design. METHODS: In total, 677 Chinese undergraduate nursing students completed the parental bonding instrument, the general self-efficacy scale, the simplified coping style questionnaire, and the learning motivation scale. A structural equation model was performed with AMOS 26.0 to explore the influence paths of variables and the mediating effects of self-efficacy and coping style. RESULTS: Parental care positively predicted intrinsic learning motivation directly or indirectly through the mediating effects of self-efficacy (B = 0.17, 95% CI: 0.12-0.23) and positive coping style (B = 0.03, 95% CI: 0.01-0.06), and this mediating effect contributed 54.06% of the total effect. Parental encouraging autonomy positively predicted intrinsic learning motivation indirectly through the mediating effects of self-efficacy (B = 0.17, 95% CI: 0.12-0.24) and positive coping style (B = 0.03, 95% CI: 0.01-0.06), and this mediating effect contributed 71.42% of the total effect. Parental control negatively influenced intrinsic learning motivation directly or indirectly through the mediating effects of self-efficacy (B = -0.10, 95% CI: -0.15 to -0.04) and positive coping style (B = -0.02, 95% CI: -0.05 to -0.01), and this mediating effect contributed 42.85% of the total effect. CONCLUSION: Parents should provide more care and autonomy to nursing students and reduce control over them. Nurse educators should consider targeted improvement strategies to improve the level of self-efficacy and positive coping style of nursing undergraduates to enable them to maintain a more intrinsic learning motivation.

Influence of childhood trauma on adolescent internet addiction: The mediating roles of loneliness and negative coping styles.

BACKGROUND: In the information age, the use of the internet and multimedia tools has large effects on the life of middle school students. Improper use of the internet may result in internet addiction (IA). Thus, actively exploring the factors influencing adolescent and the mechanism of addiction as well as promoting adolescent physical and mental health and academic development are priorities that families, schools, and society urgently need to address. AIM: To explore the effect of childhood trauma on adolescent IA and to consider the roles of loneliness and negative coping styles. METHODS: A total of 11310 students from six junior high schools in Henan, China, completed the child trauma questionnaire, IA test, loneliness scale, and simple coping style questionnaire. In addition, data were collected from 1044 adolescents with childhood trauma for analysis with IBM SPSS 26.0 and AMOS 28.0; we examined the relationships among childhood trauma, IA, loneliness, and negative coping styles. RESULTS: We found that childhood trauma not only directly affected adolescents' IA but also affected IA through loneliness and negative coping styles. CONCLUSION: Therefore, this study has theoretical implications regarding adolescent mental health and may inform interventions for IA.

Effects of Lycopene Attenuating Injuries in Ischemia and Reperfusion.

Tissue and organ ischemia can lead to cell trauma, tissue necrosis, irreversible damage, and death. While intended to reverse ischemia, reperfusion can further aggravate an ischemic injury (ischemia-reperfusion injury, I/R injury) through a range of pathologic processes. An I/R injury to one organ can also harm other organs, leading to systemic multiorgan failure. A type of carotenoid, lycopene, has been shown to treat and prevent many diseases (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis, cancer, diabetes, osteoporosis, male infertility, neurodegenerative diseases, and cardiovascular disease), making it a hot research topic in health care. Some recent researches have suggested that lycopene can evidently ameliorate ischemic and I/R injuries to many organs, but few clinical studies are available. Therefore, it is essential to review the effects of lycopene on ischemic and I/R injuries to different organs, which may help further research into its potential clinical applications.