A tumor microenvironment-activated metal-organic framework-based nanoplatform for amplified oxidative stress-induced enhanced chemotherapy.

Engineering a highly tumor microenvironment-responsive nanoplatform toward effective chemotherapy has always been a challenge in targeted cancer treatment. Metal-organic frameworks are a promising delivery system to reformulate previously approved drugs for enhanced chemotherapy, such as disulfiram (DSF). Herein, a tumor microenvironment-activated metal-organic framework-based nanoplatform DSF@MOF-199@FA has been fabricated to realize amplified oxidative stress-induced enhanced chemotherapy. Our results unveil that the copper ions and DSF released by DSF@MOF-199@FA in an acidic environment can be converted into toxic bis(N, N-diethyl dithiocarbamate) copper and then induce cell apoptosis. Simultaneously, we determined that the apoptosis outcome is further promoted by amplified oxidative stress through effective generation of reactive oxygen species and GSH elimination. In conclusion, this work provides a promising platform for effective anticancer treatment.

In Situ Coordination and Confinement of Two-Photon Active Unit Within Metal-Organic Frameworks for High-Order Multiphoton-Excited Fluorescent Performance.

Exploration of high-order multiphoton-excited fluorescent (H-MPEF) material for bioimaging with deeper tissue penetration and higher spatial resolution has attracted great interest but remains a challenge. Herein, a H-MPEF-responsive metal-organic framework-based material, ZLPH, was rationally fabricated by the pore confinement of a two-photon active unit (ZL) using the "ship-in-bottle" strategy. It demonstrated that the judicious selection effectively avoided the annoying weakened/quenched H-MPEF behavior due to the instability of ZL in the molecular state. Moreover, the obtained material, ZLPH, exhibited bright four-photon-excited fluorescence (4PEF) under the excitation of a 1550 nm femtosecond laser. In view of deep-tissue biological applications, it is envisioned that this work provides a promising platform for bright H-MPEF imaging.

Two-photon responsive porphyrinic metal-organic framework involving Fenton-like reaction for enhanced photodynamic and sonodynamic therapy.

Designing new oxygenation nanomaterials by oxygen-generating or oxygen-carrying strategies in hypoxia-associated anti-tumor therapy is a high priority target yet challenge. In this work, we fabricated a nanoplatform involving Fenton-like reaction, Pd@MOF-525@HA, to relieve tumor hypoxia via oxygen-generating strategy for enhanced oxygen-dependent anti-tumor therapy. Thereinto, the porphyrinic MOF-525 can produce singlet oxygen (1O2) via light or ultrasonic irradiation for photodynamic and sonodynamic therapy. Notably, the well-dispersed Pd nanocubes within MOF-525 can convert H2O2 into O2 to mitigate the hypoxic environment for enhanced therapy outcome. Moreover, the two-photon activity and cancer cell specific targeting capability of Pd@MOF-525@HA gave rise to deeper tissue penetration and near-infrared light-induced fluorescence imaging to achieve precise guidance for cancer therapy. This work provides a feasible way in designing new oxygenation nanomaterials to relieve tumor hypoxia for enhanced cancer treatment.

Dramatically Enhancing Multiphoton Harvesting Metal-Organic Frameworks for NIR-II Photocatalysis through Functional Regulation of Octupolar Molecules.

The development of effective multiphoton absorption (MPA) materials for near-infrared (NIR) light-driven photocatalysis holds great significance. In this study, we incorporated two multibranched cyclometallated iridium(III) modules with varying degrees of conjugation onto MPA-inert metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) to active MPA performance. Subsequently, the MOFs were further modified with Co(II) and hyaluronic acid (HA) to fabricate MINCH and MISCH, respectively. By introducing octupolar molecules and expanding the conjugation, MISCH exhibited a larger MPA cross section for efficient NIR light absorption and improved carrier transfer, leading to outstanding NIR light-driven multiphoton photocatalytic hydrogen production. Moreover, the HA modification enabled MISCH to achieve specific multiphoton photocatalytic hydrogen therapy for cancer cells. This study provides valuable insights into constructing highly active MPA materials for NIR light-driven photocatalysis, presenting a potential platform for hydrogen therapy in tumor treatment.