[Prediction of successful induction of labor: a comparison between fetal fibronectin assay and the Bishop score]. / Prédiction de la réussite du déclenchement du travail. Comparaison entre le score de Bishop et le dosage de la fibronectine foetale.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study is to determine whether the fetal fibronectin is a better predictor of successful induction of labor than the Bishop score. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A prospective observational non-randomized study was conducted in our unit including 234 patients scheduled for induction of labor from October 2000 to June 2004. Fetal fibronectin was assayed by taking sample from the endocervix and the cervical status was evaluated using the Bishop score. Data were analysed by Chi-square test of Mantel-Haenzel and Cox stepwise multiple regression using SPSS version 12 software. RESULTS: The likelihood ratios for predicting that vaginal delivery would occur within 24h of induction for positive fetal fibronectine were 1.34 (95% CI 1.04-1.73, p=0.027) all patients included and 1.51(95% CI 1.00-2.33, p=0.048) for the nulliparas and 1.92 (95% CI 1.51-2.42, p=0.0001) for the Bishop score. On multiple regressions, the only variables independently associated with a successful induction were the Bishop score, the parity and the age of the patient. No significant association was found between the presence of cervical fibronectin and the caesarean section rate: 21.84% for positive fibronectin versus 21.78% for negative fibronectin. CONCLUSION: The fetal fibronectine is probably useless in this context, given the additional cost and no improvement compared with the simple Bishop score.

[Relapsing infections with Clostridium difficile]. / Recidiverende infecties met Clostridium dificile.

Two women, aged 78 and 85 years, presented with watery diarrhoea and fever after a course of antibiotic therapy. Pseudo-membranous colitis was diagnosed, which was adequately treated. In both patients the C. difficile colitis relapsed, which was successfully treated with a pulse and tapering scheme of vancomycin. C. difficile infection is a frequent cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea. Clinical presentation can vary in severity. Cytotoxin testing, immunoassay and endoscopy are important tools in diagnosing C. difficile colitis. Like the first infection, the first relapse must be treated with metronidazole or vancomycin. To treat a second relapse, a pulse and tapering dose of vancomycin has been recommended. Nevertheless, multiple recurrences may occur, which are difficult to treat.

[Changing medical practices and nosocomial infection rates in French maternity units from 1997 to 2000]. / Surveillance des infections nosocomiales dans les maternités du sud-est de la France entre 1997 et 2000.

OBJECTIVES: In this study we describe the changes in medical practices and nosocomial infection rates in obstetrics observed through a surveillance network in the South East of France. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The maternity units which belong to this network participated in voluntary surveillance using the network's methodology. The criteria for the diagnosis of nosocomial infections were in accordance with the methods described by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. RESULTS: 101240 pregnancies including 18503 caesareans (18.3%) were included in the network from 1997 to 2000. During the study period, nosocomial infection rates following caesarean section and vaginal delivery decreased respectively from 7.8% to 4.3% (p < 0.001) and from 2.2% to 0.9% (p < 0.001). This evolution was compared with the evolution of collected risk factors. CONCLUSION: In spite of the methodology limits, general value of surveillance and infection control programs in maternity units has been confirmed by the results of this surveillance network. During the study period, both obstetrics-related risk factors for nosocomial infection and observed hospital-acquired infection rates were dramatically reduced, what prove an improvement of quality of care in maternity units.

Subacute progressive sensory ataxic neuronopathy after Rickettsia conorii infection.

A case is presented in which sensory ataxic neuronopathy developed after serologically proven infection with Rickettsia conorii and continued to be progressive after appropriate antibiotic treatment. Electrophysiological studies showed decreasing sensory nerve conduction velocities ending with the absence of sensory nerve action potentials as well as peripheral and cortical somatosensory evoked potentials. Histological studies revealed a profound loss of myelinated fibres due to primarily axonal degeneration. The clinical course and the electrophysiological and histological findings suggest primary involvement of the dorsal root ganglion. Peripheral neuropathy due to infection with R. conorii is rare and usually of the mixed motor and sensory type. We believe this to be the first report of sensory ataxic neuronopathy associated with R. conorii infection.

Prolonged fever and pyuria: an uncommon manifestation of Q fever.

A patient with Q fever is described who had been ill for a year before the diagnosis was made on the basis of serological data. In addition it was possible to isolate Coxiella burnetii, the causative agent by culture from the urine. This is very exceptional and is to our knowledge only the second case in which this has been achieved. The patient made a full recovery after lengthy treatment with tetracycline. Q fever should be considered in patients with pyrexia of unknown origin, particularly in travellers.

Rhabdomyolysis associated with influenza A virus infection.

Rhabdomyolysis is characterized by local or generalized skeletal muscle necrosis. It is caused by many clinical conditions and drug or alcohol abuse. Clinical symptoms are muscle pain and muscle weakness. Laboratory investigations show a rise in serum creatine phosphokinase and electrolyte disturbances. The most serious complication is acute renal failure. We present a patient with rhabdomyolysis and renal failure associated with a recent Influenza A virus infection.

[Nephrogenous diabetes insipidus caused by amphotericin B]. / Door amfotericine B opgewekte nefrogene diabetes insipidus.

A patient on systemic amphotericin B therapy developed polyuria with low osmolarity of the urine probably due to nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. This rarely reported side effect of amphotericin B appears not to necessitate discontinuation of the treatment provided adequate fluid intake can be guaranteed. The diabetes insipidus is reversible in 2-6 months after cessation of the treatment: in our patient the polyuria and the low urine osmolarity disappeared within a few days.

[Q-fever as a cause of myocarditis in childhood]. / Q-koorts als oorzaak van myocarditis op de kinderleeftijd.

Q-fever occurs in The Netherlands in childhood more often than used to be believed. We treated an 8-month-old infant with congestive myocarditis associated with a seroconversion against Coxiella burnetii. The infection was probably caused by the father, who a few weeks earlier had visited his native Surinam, where he frequently was surrounded by domestic animals and drank raw cow's milk. After 2.5 years the child's general and cardial conditions are good although digoxin therapy is still necessary.

[A man from Surinam with haemorrhagic diarrhoea after long-standing schistosomiasis]. / Een Surinaamse man met bloederige diarree na jarenlange onbekende schistosomiasis.

A 35-year-old man presented with a brief history of haemorrhagic diarrhoea. He had moved to The Netherlands 24 years before and had been in Surinam 12 years ago for the last time. Physical examination and routine laboratory tests revealed no abnormalities. Colonoscopy showed a striking congestion of the small blood vessels; histological examination of a sigmoid biopsy revealed Schistosoma eggs and microbiological investigation of the feces revealed ova of Schistosoma mansoni. The schistosomiasis was thus diagnosed more than 10 years after the last possible exposure to schistosomal cercariae. The patient was treated with a single dose of praziquantel.

[Coxiella burnetii as a possible cause of endocarditis in a 7-year old boy]. / Coxiella burnetii als mogelijke verwekker van endocarditis bij een 7-jarige jongen.

The case-history of a 7-year-old boy with endocarditis, myocarditis and pericarditis, possibly caused by Coxiella burnetii (Q-fever), is presented. As far as we know only one case of Q-fever endocarditis in a child is previously described in literature. That child had, contrary to our patient, a pre-existing valve abnormality. Q-fever was diagnosed after demonstration of a significant rise in titer of the antibodies against Coxiella burnetii in both the IgM and the IgG fractions. IgA antibodies, indicative for an endocarditis, were also demonstrated.