[Pathomorphological changes in a disease in swine caused by feeding bacterial-contaminated 1-lysine]. / V'rkhu patomorfologichnite izmeneniia pri zaboliavane na svine, khraneni s's zam'rsen s bakterii techen 1-lizin

Studied were the lesions in the parenchymal organs and the hormonal glands in 20 pigs spontaneously died as a result of feeding with 1-lysine that had been contaminated with bacteria. The gross changes consisted of the enlargement and dark red coloration of the liver, gastroenteritis, hyperemia and hemorrhages in the kidneys and heart, oedema of the lungs and the wall of the gall bladder. Histologically, in the acute cases the liver showed hyperemia, pericapillary oedema, and granular dystrophia; in the subacute cases there were toxic dystrophy with the activation of the reticulo-endothelial system and subserous oedema in the gall bladder. The kidneys presented hyperemia, hemorrhages, and decreased volume of the glomeruloses in the subacute course of the disease. In terms of their function the heart, lungs, and kidneys displayed hemodynamic disturbances, and in the thyroid there were histologically changes characteristic of a follicular collapse. It is believed that the morphologic changes in the viscera investigated were due not to the intake of lysine itself, but to the effect of toxins produced by the concomitant microflora and the toxic amins (metabolites of the amino acids).

[Pathomorphologic changes in calves with ruminal acidosis for fattening]. / Vurkhu patomorfologichnite izmeneniia pri atsidoza na turbukha u teleta za ugoiavane

Studied were the morphologic changes in the organs of 17 calves for fattening with massive acute and subacute acidosis of the rumen. The disease broke out as the result of an abrupt change in the regime of feeding and tending. The gross observations consisted of hemorrhagic and necrotic foci in the rumen, hemorrhages and hyperemia in the omasum and reticulum, and ulcera in the abomasum. Established was also enlargement of the lymph nodes in the forestomach as well as odemas in the liver and kidneys. Histologically, there were necrotic inflammation of the rumen, serous and fibrinous exudate, leukocyte infiltration, hyphae, thrombuses, and arteritis. The omasum and reticulum presented desquamation of the cutaneous mucosal membrane, and the abomasum--necrotic foci, edema, and leukocyte infiltrations. There was also hepatitis, and fatty infiltration of the kidneys and heart and an activation of the interstitium. Degenerative process and hyperemia were observed in the thyroid gland, and fatty infiltration--in the pancreas. The kidneys, the adrenal glands, and the liver had higher alkalinephosphatase activity.

[Toxicological and pharmacokinetic research on lincomycin hydrochloride in broiler chickens and layer hens]. / Toksikologichni i farmakokinetichni prouchvaniia na linkomitsinov khidrokhlorid pri pileta broileri i kokoshki.

Tested was the activity of linkomycin hydrochloride at the rate of 820 IU/mg. The LD50 of the preparation was found to exceed 12.0 g/kg body mass at intracrop application to broiler birds. When offered with the drinking water or the feed in amounts that were 3 to 5 times higher than the therapeutic ones for broilers in the course of 45 days it did not cause mortality nor induced changes in the white and red blood cell counts, in the total protein, and in the levels of urea, blood sugar, AlT, and AcT. Neither were there any structural changes in the internal organs. Upon the single intracrop treatment of broilers with linkomycin at 50 and 100 mg/kg most of the amount introduced was established in the blood serum at the second hour and up to the 6th and 8th hour, respectively. Studies on the effect of age on the serum concentrations at this route of introduction revealed that the preparation was absorbed at higher rates in the broilers than in the layers, while with the persistence of the levels there were no essential differences. At the single oral administration with broilers in amounts of 100 mg/kg linkomycin was chiefly retained in the kidneys, liver, and lungs as well in the content of the small and large intestines. At intracrop application to layers in doses of 100 mg/kg in the course of 7 days the antibiotic was excreted with the eggs at the time of treatment and in the course of 4 days later in bacteriostatic concentrations of 0.6-5.9 micrograms/cm3.

[Effect of ochratoxin on the health status of broilers]. / Vliianie na okhratoksina vurkhu zdravoslovnoto sustoianie na pileta broileri.

An experiment was carried out with 7-day-old broiler birds to assess the effect of ochratoxin A on their health. A standard feed mixture, containing 4 mg/kg ochratoxin A in pure substance, was offered to the birds in the course of 21 days. No severe clinical symptoms and death cases were observed during the experimental period. However, both the growth and the development of the birds were arrested along with an increase in the relative weight of the kidneys and changes in their morphology--vascular disturbances and dystrophy more strongly manifested in the kidneys and to a weaker extent seen in the bursa of Fabricius, the thymus, and other organs.

[Histogenesis of granulation tissue in wound healing by second intention in horses and cattle]. / Khistogenez na granulatsionnata tukan pri zarastvashti po vtorichen nachin rani na kone i goveda.

An experiment in comparative developmental aspect was carried out with 5 horses and 5 cattle having a total of 60 skin and muscular wounds. Light microscopic studies on hematoxylin-eosin stained preparations revealed that the dystrophic changes in the underlying tissues were more strongly manifested in horses. This had to be taken into consideration in the surgical treatment of wounds with this animal species. The basic differences comprised the better manifested leukocytic reaction in horses and the more strongly expressed processes of growth and differentiation on the part of the connective tissue after the tenth day of wounding in cattle. The definitive formation of granular tissue in horses took place in shorter terms than in cattle. In the fully developed new tissue in horses three different layers were found: leukocytic, vascular-fibroblastic, and a maturing one, while in cattle the layers found were four: fibrous tissue, heterophilic-leukocytic, vascular-fibroblastic, and a maturing one.

[Pathomorphological studies in experimental simazine poisoning of sheep]. / Patomorfologichni prouchvaniia pri eksperimentalno otraviane na ovtse sus simazin.

Studied were the morphologic changes in the viscera of 14 sheep and 2 goats experimentally intoxicated via the oral administration of simasin at various rates. The gross lesions consisted of catarrhal and hemorrhagic typhlitis, liver dystrophia, and enlargement of the gallbladder. Histologically, the acute cases presented granular degeneration of the liver and kidneys, oedema of the lungs, fatty infiltration of the myocardium, oedema, hyperemia, and hemorrhages in the brain. In the cases of chronic intoxication there were fatty degeneration of the liver as well as dystrophic changes in the testes, cerebrum, and cerebellum and diffuse granular degeneration of the kidney. Chronic intoxication of sheep with simasin at 1.4 and 3.0 mg per kilogram led to hypofunction of the thyroid; doses of 6.0 and 25 mg kg caused colloid struma while acute toxicity with 250 mg/kg (once and twice treated animals) caused parenchymal struma. A drop in the content of liver glycogen and degranulation of the mastocytes of the mesentery were also observed.

[Pathomorphology of gastroenteritis in newborn calves]. / Vurkhu patomorfologiiata na gastroenterita pri novorodenite teleta.

The morphologic changes were studied in the parenchymal and digestive organs of a total of 39 calves with gastroenteritis from which pathogenic Escherichia coli organisms were isolated. A correlation was established between the age of calves and the forms of gastroenteritis manifestation. In 1 to 3-day-old calves 63.6 per cent of the cases presented histologic changes of enteritis, and 36.3 per cent presented the septic form of the disease, while in 4 to 7 day-old calves these forms were presented in equal percent. In 8 to 12-day-old animals septic changes were seen in 71.4 per cent of the cases, and toxic changes-in 28.5 per cent. The same age group showed initial changes typical of catarrhal (28.2 per cent) and interstitial (37.7 per cent) pneumonia. With the advance in age the histologic changes of septicaemia showed a rising trend as against the enterotoxaemic and enterotoxic form. The coli infections in 90 per cent of the investigated cases were accompanied by degenerative changes in the kidneys. In calves with nervous symptoms there were hyperemia, perivascular and pericellular edema and status cribrosus of the brain, and occasionally - lymphocytic and leukocytic infiltrations in the leptomeninges.

[Biochemical, electrocardiographic and pathomorphological studies the monensin poisoning of sheep]. / Biokhimichni, elektrokardiografski i patomorfologichni prouchvaniia pri otraviane na ovtse s monenzin.

Studies were carried out on the changes in the electrocardiogram, the content of sodium and potassium in the plasma and erythrocytes, and the morphology of the viscera of sheep spontaneously intoxicated with monensin. It was found that in the initial phases of poisoning the plasma level of Na and K strongly rose--410 +/- 12.57 mg% and 36.28 +/- 1.99 mg%, respectively, while after the tenth day it showed a trend of coming back to normal. The electrocardiogram of the poisoned sheep was inevitably deprived of the P deflection, while the QRST complex showed deformations characteristic of ischemia and degeneration of the myocardium. Morphologically, there were catarrhal abomasoenteritis, edomatized and fragile kidneys and liver, enlarged mucous membrane of the gallbladder, showing hyperemia and nodules, hemorrhages in the heart, and hyperemia and edema of the lungs. Histologically, there were dystrophic and necrotic nephrosis and focal glomerulonephritis, granular and fatty dystrophy and necroses of the liver, cholecystitis, granular and hyaline dystrophy of the myocardium, hyperemia, hemorrhages, and edema of the lungs as well as degenerative changes in the ganglion cells of the brain. The cadavers of animals that were ill for seven to ten days and died had multiple hemosiderosis in the kidneys, liver, lungs, and heart.

[Histochemical tracing of the iron in the body of piglets injected with an iron-dextran preparation]. / Khistokhimichno proslediavane na zheliazoto v organizma na praseta, inzhektirani s zheliazo-dekstranovi preparati

A comparative study was carried out with thirteen pigs, aged 1 to 3 days, to follow up the resorption and distribution of the Bulgarian iron-dextran preparations Ferdex-100, Dextrofer-75, A-100, and Miofer-100 in the body. Histochemically, an activation of the reticulo-endothelial system was established. Most macrophages that had phagocytised iron were established in the regional lymph nodes, followed by the liver, kidneys, marrow, while in the spleen their count was negligible. Using the histochemical reaction for the demonstration of iron in the viscera it was established that the A-100 preparation was best utilized by the organism. It was concluded that by the amounts of iron found in some organs it even exceeded Miofer-100.

[Pathomorphology of acute furazolidone poisoning in calves]. / Vurkhu patomorfologiiata na akutno otraviane s furazolidon pri teleta.

Studied was the morphologic picture in a total of 13 calves spontaneously intoxicated with furazolidon following its overrating and use once and severalfold as a therapeutic means against infectious enteritis. There were hemorrhages in the subcutaneous tissue and the muscles, kidneys, abomasum, spleen, and heart as well as liver dystrophia and hyperemia and edema of the leptomeninges and the brain cortex. Histologically, there were hyperemia, strong and diffuse pericellular and perivascular edema of the cerebrum and the cerebellum with degenerative changes in the Purkinje layer, fatty degeneration and biliary thrombi in the liver, hemorrhages and activation of the endothelial cells and glomeruli of the kidneys, hyperemia and fatty infiltration of the myocardium, and hemorrhages in the spleen.