RESUMO
Conversion coefficients for the estimation of effective doses in intraoral and panoramic dental radiology from dose-area product (DAP) values were determined by measuring organ-absorbed doses and the corresponding DAP values. Measurements were performed for all standard intraoral radiological projections and standard panoramic examination at different exposure parameters. Organ-absorbed doses were measured using thermoluminescent detectors and an adult anthropomorphic phantom specially designed for dosimetric study in dental radiology. Different techniques for the calculation of effective doses were evaluated. Conversion coefficients derived from this study range from 0.008 to 0.132 microSv mGy(-1) cm(-2) for intraoral radiography and 0.055 to 0.238 microSv mGy(-1) cm(-2) for panoramic radiography.
Assuntos
Modelos Estatísticos , Doses de Radiação , Monitoramento de Radiação/métodos , Radiografia Dentária/métodos , Algoritmos , Carga Corporal (Radioterapia) , Humanos , Modelos Biológicos , Imagens de Fantasmas , Proteção Radiológica , Eficiência Biológica Relativa , Dosimetria TermoluminescenteRESUMO
In this study, dose area product measurements have been performed to propose diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) in intraoral dental radiology. Measurements were carried out at 60 X-ray units for all types of intraoral examinations performed in clinical routine. The third quartile values calculated range from 26.2 to 87.0 mGy cm(2). The results showed that there exists a large difference between the patient exposures among different dental facilities. It was also observed that dentists working with faster film type or higher tube voltage are not always associated with lower exposure. The study demonstrated the necessity to have the DRLs laid out as guidelines in dental radiology.
Assuntos
Exposição Ambiental/análise , Doses de Radiação , Monitoramento de Radiação/estatística & dados numéricos , Radiografia Dentária/estatística & dados numéricos , Medição de Risco , Carga Corporal (Radioterapia) , Humanos , Raios XRESUMO
In this study, dose-area product (DAP) measurements in panoramic dental radiology have been performed in Germany. The results obtained in this study were proposed as diagnostic reference levels (DRLs). A representative number of dental panoramic units, both with digital and conventional image receptors, have been chosen. Common statistical parameters such as mean, standard deviation and 3rd quartile have been calculated. For four different standard programmes, 'large adult', 'adult male', 'adult female' and 'child', the proposed DRLs are 101, 87, 84 and 75 mGy cm(2), respectively. No clear tendency to a generalised dose reduction from the transition to digital techniques has been observed. Effective doses have been calculated from E/DAP conversion factors published in literature. Even though these values differ by a factor of approximately 3, upper limits of 15.8-21.2 microSv for the four different exposure settings were derived from the data.
Assuntos
Monitoramento de Radiação , Radiografia Panorâmica , Radiologia , Adulto , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Modelos Biológicos , Doses de Radiação , Medição de RiscoRESUMO
A study has been carried out to propose diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) for lateral cephalometric radiology in Germany based on the dose-area product (DAP). DRLs were proposed separately for child and adult exposure settings which are 26.4 and 32.6 mGy cm2, respectively. Organ absorbed doses from lateral cephalometric radiology were also measured using thermoluminescence detectors (TLDs) and an adult anthropomorphic phantom specially design for dosimetric study in dental radiology. Effective doses were then calculated using three different techniques where the salivary gland and brain tissue were given different weighting factors. Conversion coefficients for estimating effective dose from DAP value derived in this study range from 0.042 to 0.149 microSv/mGy cm2.
Assuntos
Algoritmos , Cefalometria/métodos , Radiografia Dentária/métodos , Radiometria/métodos , Carga Corporal (Radioterapia) , Simulação por Computador , Alemanha , Humanos , Modelos Biológicos , Doses de Radiação , Eficiência Biológica RelativaRESUMO
In this study, dose area product (DAP) measurements have been performed aiming at establishing diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) in paediatric intraoral dental radiology. Measurements were carried out at 52 X-ray units for all types of intraoral examinations performed in clinical routine. Not all X-ray units have pre-set child exposure settings with reduced exposure time or in some cases lower tube voltage. Child examinations are carried out using adult exposure settings at these units, which increases the DAP third quartile values by up to 50%. For example, third quartile values for periapical examination ranges from 14.4 to 40.9 mGy cm(2) for child settings and 20.6 to 48.8 mGy cm(2) when the adult settings are included. The results show that there exists a large difference between the patient exposures among different dental facilities. It was also observed that clinics working with faster film type or higher tube voltage are not always associated with lower exposure.