The relation between psychosocial symptoms and parenting styles in hospitalized children.

OBJECTIVE: Hospitalization is a serious experience affecting emotional, physical and developmental needs of the children. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between psychosocial symptoms and parenting styles in hospitalized children. DESIGN AND METHODS: The sample of this cross-sectional descriptive study consisted of parents of hospitalized children between the ages of 6-12 years. The data collection tools included 'Scale for Diagnosis of Psychosocial Symptom for Inpatient children (SDPSIC)' and 'Multidimensional Parenting Assessment Scale (MAPS)'. RESULTS: The highest scores for psychosocial symptoms belonged to anxiety (8.64 ± 2.03) and regressive behaviours (3.89 ± 1.59). The highest scores for parenting styles belonged to warmth (13.30 ± 1.98) and supportiveness (12.69 ± 2.33). Parenting styles were predictore of the hospitalized child's psychosocial symptoms and explained 23% of the variance in psychosocial symptoms. While a positive relation existed between lax control, hostility, physical control parenting styles and psychosocial symptoms like anxiety, regressive behaviours, communication difficulty; a negative relation occured between warmth, positive reinforcement styles and anger-aggression. CONCLUSIONS: Focusing to the processes associating parenting styles and parenting practices with child outcomes will make the understanding of psychosocial symptoms of the child in hospitalization process easier. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Identification of psychosocial symptoms-related risk factors in hospitalized children will contribute to compliance of the child to disease and treatment as well.

Challenges experienced by pediatric nurses in the process of developing innovative products: A qualitative study.

OBJECTIVE: As essential healthcare providers, nurses are key to contributing innovations to improve the quality of care. This study aimed to explore the challenges pediatric nurses face in developing and patenting innovative products. METHOD: A qualitative descriptive design has been used in this study. The study sample consists of pediatric nurses who had developed innovative products and successfully obtained product registrations. Purposive sampling was used to select 17 pediatric nurses who met the inclusion criteria. Data were collected through semi-structured, individual, in-depth interviews. RESULTS: Two main themes and two related subthemes were identified. The first main theme is 'product development and management challenges.' The subthemes of this theme are 'unknown ecosystem' and 'burnout.' The second theme is 'protecting ideas and innovation.' The subthemes of this theme are 'fear of idea theft' and 'dead patents.' CONCLUSION: Nurses face challenges, such as taking part in an unfamiliar innovation ecosystem, burnout due to long processes, and fear of idea theft. At the same time, commercialization of these innovations and market demand emerge as additional challenges. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Identifying the challenges experienced by pediatric nurses during the innovation process can help to develop strategies to overcome difficulties, create an innovation culture, and increase the quality of pediatric patient care.

Foreign body aspirations in childhood: A retrospective review.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine the childhood-age foreign body aspiration (FBA) retrospectively by focusing on symptoms, types, home interventions, hospitalization and complications. METHOD: All patients between 0-18 years admitted to pediatric surgical clinic and diagnosed with FBA were examined retrospectively from January 2021 to January 2022. RESULTS: The study group consisted of 163 patients and their mean age was 17.8±12.7 months (1 months to 6 years). FBA events included aspiration of food (78%), coins (10%), batteries (3.7%), parts of toys (4%), buttons (2.4%) and other (2%). First aid treatment to children was performed at home by mothers (61%). Types of first aid treatment performed by mothers included tapping the back (31%); cleaning inside the mouth (24%); trying to remove the foreign body with fingers (12%), pushing the foreign body forward (5.9%) and forcing the child to vomit (9.5%) respectively. CONCLUSIONS: FBA is a potential life-threatening health problem during childhood. When the age of majority of patients being under one year old and prevalence of food in FBA types are taken into consideration, safe-feeding practices of mothers, feeding position and training about the safe-environment are the basic steps of prevention strategies. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: One of the most useful ways of preventing FBA cases is to provide planned and continuing education to parents, care givers and all the individuals responsible for the care of the child in order to increase their knowledge and practice levels.

Use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine in Pediatric Respiratory Diseases.

In this study, our purpose was to determine prevalence of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) in pediatric respiratory diseases and methods of CAM use accordingly. Each of the CAM treatment has a special risk/benefit combination and it is absolutely crucial for health care professionals to question those methods.

Psychometric Properties of the Turkish Version of Caregiver Burden Index (CBI) for Parents of Children with Allergies.

Childhood chronic diseases have a great impact, including physiological, social and financial burdens, on parents. The concept of "caregiver burden" is gaining importance to understand the effects of allergic diseases and plan family-centered strategies. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Caregiver Burden Index (CBI) in Turkish mothers of children with allergies. METHOD: The participants of this methodological study were 213 mothers of children with allergies between 6 and 12years. Construct validity was evaluated through factor analysis and reliability was evaluated through internal consistency and item-total correlation. RESULTS: In reliability analysis, the overall Cronbach's alpha value (0.85) demonstrated a high level of reliability. The corrected item-total correlation varied between 0.63 and 0.84. In exploratory factor analysis, it was detected that 3 factors structure explained 73.6% of the total variance. CONCLUSION: This study indicated that the CBI is a valid and reliable tool to assess the caregiver burden of mothers of Turkish children with allergies. IMPLICATION FOR PRACTICES: The results of this study contribute to the development and implementation of evidence based models of care that address the caregiver burden needs of parents whose children have allergies.

Knowledge and attitudes regarding pain management of pediatric nurses in Turkey.

Nurses play an important role in managing children's pain. The nurse's accurate assessment, appropriate intervention, and evaluation of pain relief measures are necessary for positive patient outcomes. The aim of this study was to determine the level of knowledge and attitudes of pediatric nurses regarding the child's pain. The Pediatric Nurses' Knowledge and Attitude Survey (PNKAS) was used to evaluate the nurses' knowledge and attitudes. The PNKAS consists of 40 questions. In this study, 29.9% of nurses had a diploma and 40.6% associate's, 25.0% bachelor's, and 4.5% master's degree, and respondents had an everage 6.1 years pediatric nursing experience. The total mean score on the PNKAS scale was 38.2%. The highest score was 65%, and the lowest score 15%. The findings of the survey show that pediatric nurses in Turkey have insufficient knowledge regarding pain management and could benefit from additional education on that issue.

Emotional eating: Really hungry or just angry?

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of parenting styles and academic self-efficacy on emotional eating behaviours within a sample of adolescents. The sample of this cross-sectionally designed study consisted of 584 adolescents between the ages of 12-17 years. In order to collect necessary data, the Emotional Eating Scale for Child and Adolescent, the Parenting Style Scale and Academic Self-efficacy Scale were utilized. In this sample, Emotional Eating Scale's total score of girls was higher than boys, and emotional eating was not related to body mass index. Parenting styles and academic self-efficacy predicted 34% of the variants seen in emotional eating behaviours of adolescents. While a positive relation existed between emotional eating and negligent parenting style, a negative significant relation occurred between permissive and democratic type of parenting styles and emotional eating. In addition, emotional eating behaviours decreased, whereas academic self-efficacy perception increased accordingly. The results showed that emotional eating behaviours of adolescents were in relation with parenting styles and academic self-efficacy. A good understanding of the multifactorial structure of emotional eating in adolescents will help to develop essential programmes in order to design effective coping mechanisms.

The relation between quality of life and future expectations for refugee adolescents.

PROBLEM: Refugee children and their families encounter various challenges in a new country. Studies on this issue reveal the presence of negative expectations on the future and life among refugees. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between quality of life and future expectations in refugee adolescents. METHODS: This descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted in Turkey. In this study, 76 refugee adolescents between the ages of 12 and 18 participated. The study data were collected between September and December 2019 from two of the schools located in Istanbul. Study data were collected by using Future Expectation Scale for Adolescents (FESA) and Pediatric Quality of Life Questionnaire (PedsQL). FINDINGS: The mean ages of the participants were 15.7 ± 1.1 and all of them were females. A positive relationship was found between future expectations and quality of life. CONCLUSIONS: The results showed that a positive significant relation was detected between quality-of-life scores and future expectations' scores. Understanding the factors affecting future expectations of refugee adolescents will help to plan interventions compatible with issues confronting adolescents.

The Post-Intensive Care Syndrome in Children.

Improvements in devices and techniques used to provide life support for patients at intensive care units have reduced patient mortality. Increases in the number of survivors from a critical illness have brought long-term complications experienced during the post-intensive care period into question. The term post-intensive care syndrome (PICS) is defined as a new and deteriorating disorder in the cognitive, mental, and physical health status experienced by the survivor after intensive care unit discharge that might continue for months or even years. Opioid and sedation exposure, the severity of illnesses and injuries, dense life support interventions, length of stay in the intensive care unit, and social isolation constitute risk factors for PICS in children. These factors cause the child to experience deterioration in physical, cognitive, and psychological health domains. Such deteriorations occur on various levels and have negative effects on quality of life. The purpose of this article is to raise awareness and help pediatric nurses to develop an understanding of the condition. Increasing awareness by pediatric nurses about the magnitude and effects of complications after discharge from the intensive care unit will be the first step to protect survivors from new problems, to provide assistance for ongoing problems, and to develop follow-up strategies. PICS-related morbidities affect the majority of children discharged from PICUs. We need to understand the scope of those morbidities and develop efficient nursing interventions accordingly. It is time to expand our goal for critical and noncritical care from life-saving into improvement of functional health status and quality of life.

Readiness for transition from pediatric to adult care for adolescents with chronic heart disease.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine transition readiness of adolescents with chronic heart disease to adult care. METHODS: The sample of the study comprised 113 adolescents between the ages 12 and 18 years with chronic heart disease. Transition readiness was assessed by the Transition-Q self-administered tool. RESULTS: The Transition-Q mean score was 63.0 (range = 31-92). The self-management skills of the adolescents increased significantly in direct proportion to their ages. Most of the adolescents had a lack of confidence about medication management and communicating with healthcare providers. No significant difference was detected between boys and girls in terms of total and individual items' scores. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Transition readiness should be assessed to understand transitional requirements of adolescents with chronic heart disease and to plan appropriate nursing interventions accordingly.

OC29 - Caregiver burden in childhood asthma.

UNLABELLED: Theme: Parenting/parenthood. INTRODUCTION: As delivering care is an inherent part of becoming parents, providing high-level care to the child with health problems might be a burden for the caregiver. AIM: This systematic review investigated the effects of caregiver burden of parents who are primarily responsible for the caring of children with asthma. METHODS: PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science and Scopus databases were searched for the studies published between 2000-2015. Key search terms used were 'caregiver', 'burden, 'childhood asthma' and 'parent'. RESULTS: A total of 23 studies were examined for this review. DISCUSSION: Providing care to the child with asthma affects parents as caregivers negatively. Caregivers of the children with asthma often experience anxiety, fear, disappointment, grief, physical distress and low quality of life as the outcomes of caregiving burden. CONCLUSIONS: It is absolutely crucial to determine caregiver burden risks and protective factors since wellness level of caregivers affect the asthma management practices and decisions.

Efficacy of a Transition Theory-Based Discharge Planning Program for Childhood Asthma Management.

PURPOSE: This study tested the efficacy of a nurse-led discharge planning program for childhood asthma management, based on transition theory. METHODS: A quasi-experimental design was used. The sample comprised 120 children with asthma and their parents (intervention group n = 60, control group n = 60). FINDINGS: The asthma management self-efficacy perception level of parents in the intervention group increased significantly and the number of triggers their children were exposed to at home was reduced by 60.8%. The rates of admission to emergency departments and unscheduled outpatient visits were significantly lower in the intervention group compared with the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Transition theory-based nursing interventions can provide successful outcomes on childhood asthma management. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Transition theory-based discharge planning program can guide nursing interventions to standardize care of the child with asthma. Combining care at home with hospital care strengthens ongoing qualified asthma management.

A Comparison of Parenting Dimensions Between Deaf and Hearing Children.

Effective parenting is vital for intellectual, physical, social, and emotional development of a child. This study examined the differences between the parenting dimensions of deaf children and healthy ones. The sample of the study consisted of 292 children and their parents (146 of them deaf children and 146 of them healthy ones). Dimensions of parenting (warmth, rejection, structure, chaos, autonomy, and coercion) were measured using the Parent as Social Context Questionnaire. The mean scores of the positive parenting dimensions of warmth and autonomy of deaf children were significantly lower; however, the mean scores of the negative dimensions of chaos and coercion of deaf children were significantly higher than those of healthy ones. Deaf children can become successful adults with the help of their parents. Our results regarding parenting dimensions will be a guide for future nursing interventions planned to develop the relationships between deaf children and their parents.

The Effect of Parents' Self-Efficacy Perception on Healthy Eating and Physical Activity Behaviors of Turkish Preschool Children.

Preschool is an important period for the development of healthy lifestyle behaviors. Parents have a great influence upon a child developing healthy lifestyle behaviors. The purpose of this study was to determine the self-efficacy perceptions of parents related to their preschool children's healthy eating and physical activity behaviors. This study was conducted with a research population of 425 parents of 3- to 6-year-old children. The data collection tools included Demographic Information Form, and The Parental Self-efficacy Questionnaire (PSQ). Also, the weight and height of the children and their parents were measured. There was a positive correlation in parental self-efficacy score between parents' educational status and economic status and there was a significant negative correlation between children's body mass index and parental self-efficacy scores. The understanding of the effect of parental self-efficacy perception in the development of preschool children's healthy eating and physical activity behaviors is one of the first important steps in effective health promotion interventions.

Perceptions of parents and children regarding asthma management responsibilities.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine perceptions of children and parents regarding shared responsibilities for asthma management. DESIGN AND METHODS: The study included 72 children with asthma who were between the ages of 7 and 12 years and their parents. Asthma management responsibilities were assessed by the "Asthma Responsibility Questionnaire." RESULTS: Disagreements occurred between parents and children on assuming responsibility. Children reported higher asthma management responsibility scores than reported by parents for them. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: It is important that nurses provide education and counseling to both children and their families to ensure that children take responsibility for disease management.