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1.
Clin Exp Immunol ; 209(2): 175-181, 2022 08 19.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35758259

RESUMO

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune disease characterized by fibrosis, microangiopathy, and autoantibodies. We previously reported that circulating follicular helper T (cTfh) cells are increased in SSc and induce plasmablast differentiation. However, mechanisms leading to cTfh cell expansion and activation in SSc remain to be established. Tfh cells require IL-12 for their expansion and differentiation. 6-Sulfo LacNAc monocytes (slanMo), a subset of monocytes, have a higher capacity to produce IL-12 and to induce CD4+ T cell proliferation in comparison with dendritic cells (DC) or classical monocytes. The aim of this study was to perform a quantitative and functional analysis of monocytes and DC and to correlate them with cTfh cell expansion and clinical manifestations in SSc. Using flow cytometry, we analyzed different monocyte subsets including slanMo and DC from 36 SSc patients and 26 healthy controls (HC). In vitro culture experiments of sorted slanMo were performed for functional analysis and cytokine production. We observed that slanMo, intermediate and non-classical monocytes were increased in SSc in comparison with HC. Furthermore, the increase in slanMo cells was more potent in patients with diffuse SSc. We observed a significant positive correlation between slanMo and cTfh cell levels in SSc patients but not in HC. Other monocyte subsets did not correlate with cTfh cell expansion. In addition, we observed that in vitro, slanMo cells from SSc patients produced less IL-12 than slanMo from HC. SlanMo are increased in SSc and may participate in the activation of cTfh cells in SSc.


Assuntos
Monócitos , Escleroderma Sistêmico , Hormônios , Humanos , Interleucina-12 , Monócitos/imunologia , Linfócitos T Auxiliares-Indutores/imunologia
2.
Blood ; 136(20): 2290-2295, 2020 11 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32959052

RESUMO

Anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies are widely used for the treatment of hematological malignancies or autoimmune disease but may be responsible for a secondary humoral deficiency. In the context of COVID-19 infection, this may prevent the elicitation of a specific SARS-CoV-2 antibody response. We report a series of 17 consecutive patients with profound B-cell lymphopenia and prolonged COVID-19 symptoms, negative immunoglobulin G (IgG)-IgM SARS-CoV-2 serology, and positive RNAemia measured by digital polymerase chain reaction who were treated with 4 units of COVID-19 convalescent plasma. Within 48 hours of transfusion, all but 1 patient experienced an improvement of clinical symptoms. The inflammatory syndrome abated within a week. Only 1 patient who needed mechanical ventilation for severe COVID-19 disease died of bacterial pneumonia. SARS-CoV-2 RNAemia decreased to below the sensitivity threshold in all 9 evaluated patients. In 3 patients, virus-specific T-cell responses were analyzed using T-cell enzyme-linked immunospot assay before convalescent plasma transfusion. All showed a maintained SARS-CoV-2 T-cell response and poor cross-response to other coronaviruses. No adverse event was reported. Convalescent plasma with anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies appears to be a very promising approach in the context of protracted COVID-19 symptoms in patients unable to mount a specific humoral response to SARS-CoV-2.


Assuntos
Anticorpos Antivirais/imunologia , Linfócitos B/patologia , Betacoronavirus/imunologia , Infecções por Coronavirus/imunologia , Soros Imunes/administração & dosagem , Linfopenia/terapia , Pneumonia Viral/imunologia , Adulto , Idoso , Linfócitos B/imunologia , Transfusão de Componentes Sanguíneos , COVID-19 , Infecções por Coronavirus/sangue , Infecções por Coronavirus/terapia , Infecções por Coronavirus/virologia , Feminino , França , Neoplasias Hematológicas/complicações , Humanos , Imunização Passiva , Linfopenia/etiologia , Linfopenia/patologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pandemias , Pneumonia Viral/sangue , Pneumonia Viral/terapia , Pneumonia Viral/virologia , SARS-CoV-2 , Soroterapia para COVID-19
3.
J Transl Med ; 19(1): 375, 2021 08 30.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34461933

RESUMO

Systemic sclerosis is an autoimmune disease characterized by excessive dermal fibrosis with progression to internal organs, vascular impairment and immune dysregulation evidenced by the infiltration of inflammatory cells in affected tissues and the production of auto antibodies. While the pathogenesis remains unclear, several data highlight that T and B cells deregulation is implicated in the disease pathogenesis. Over the last decade, aberrant responses of circulating T follicular helper cells, a subset of CD4 T cells which are able to localise predominantly in the B cell follicles through a high level of chemokine receptor CXCR5 expression are described in pathogenesis of several autoimmune diseases and chronic graft-versus-host-disease. In the present review, we summarized the observed alteration of number and frequency of circulating T follicular helper cells in systemic sclerosis. We described their role in aberrant B cell activation and differentiation though interleukine-21 secretion. We also clarified T follicular helper-like cells involvement in fibrogenesis in both human and mouse model. Finally, because T follicular helper cells are involved in both fibrosis and autoimmune abnormalities in systemic sclerosis patients, we presented the different strategies could be used to target T follicular helper cells in systemic sclerosis, the therapeutic trials currently being carried out and the future perspectives from other auto-immune diseases and graft-versus-host-disease models.


Assuntos
Escleroderma Sistêmico , Linfócitos T Auxiliares-Indutores , Animais , Linfócitos B , Humanos , Camundongos , Receptores CXCR5 , Células T Auxiliares Foliculares
4.
Infection ; 48(5): 799-802, 2020 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32592135

RESUMO

In non-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients, tuberculosis (TB) immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) is unusual. The management of corticosteroids-refractory IRIS is unclear. We report on infliximab efficacy for treatment of corticosteroid-resistant TB-IRIS occurring in an immunocompetent patient.


Assuntos
Antituberculosos/uso terapêutico , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana , Síndrome Inflamatória da Reconstituição Imune/tratamento farmacológico , Infliximab/uso terapêutico , Tuberculose/tratamento farmacológico , Corticosteroides/farmacologia , Feminino , França , Humanos , Hospedeiro Imunocomprometido , Pessoa de Meia-Idade
5.
Stem Cell Rev Rep ; 17(1): 296-299, 2021 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33403488

RESUMO

We report the case of an HIV-1-infected patient, treated with anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody for a B-cell lymphoma previously treated by autologous stem cell transplant. He suffered from chronic COVID19 and we monitored by plasma SARS-CoV-2 RNA by highly sensitive droplet-based digital PCR technology (ddPCR). Under tocilizumab therapy and despite a first clinical improvement biologically associated with decreasing inflammatory markers, a slight increase of SARS-CoV-2 RNAaemia quantified by ddPCR was highlighted, confirming the absence of viral efficacy of this treatment and predicting the subsequent observed deterioration. As expected, his complete recovery, finally achieved after COVID-19 convalescent plasmatherapy, strictly paralleled plasma SARS-CoV-2 RNA clearance. With these results, we confirmed the interest of SARS-CoV-2 RNAaemia monitoring by ddPCR in COVID-19 patients, particularly during treatment, and firstly showed that this new and specific biomarker could be helpful to select eligible patient for anti-IL6 receptors therapy considering the variable levels of efficacy recently observed with such therapy.


Assuntos
COVID-19/sangue , Infecções por HIV/sangue , Linfoma de Células B/tratamento farmacológico , RNA Viral/sangue , Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados/uso terapêutico , COVID-19/complicações , COVID-19/genética , COVID-19/virologia , Infecções por HIV/genética , Infecções por HIV/terapia , Infecções por HIV/virologia , HIV-1/patogenicidade , Humanos , Linfócitos/virologia , Linfoma de Células B/complicações , Linfoma de Células B/genética , Linfoma de Células B/virologia , RNA Viral/efeitos dos fármacos , SARS-CoV-2/genética , SARS-CoV-2/patogenicidade , Carga Viral/efeitos dos fármacos
6.
Blood Cancer J ; 11(8): 142, 2021 08 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34376633

RESUMO

This study evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of BNT162b2 vaccine in patients with hematological malignancies. Antibodies blocking spike binding to immobilized ACE-2 (NAb) correlated with anti-Spike (S) IgG d42 titers (Spearman r = 0.865, p < 0.0001), and an anti-S IgG d42 level ≥3100 UA/mL was predictive of NAb ≥ 30%, the positivity cutoff for NAb (p < 0.0001). Only 47% of the patients achieved an anti-S IgG d42 level ≥3100 UA/mL after the two BNT162b2 inocula, compared to 87% of healthy controls. In multivariable analysis, male patients, use of B-cell targeting treatment within the last 12 months prior to vaccination, and CD19+ B-cell level <120/uL, were associated with a significantly decreased probability of achieving a protective anti-S IgG level after the second BNT162b2 inoculum. Finally, using the IFN-γ ELISPOT assay, we found a significant increase in T-cell response against the S protein, with 53% of patients having an anti-S IgG-positive ELISPOT after the second BNT162b2 inoculum. There was a correlation between the anti-S ELISPOT response and IgG d42 level (Spearman r = 0.3026, p = 0.012). These findings suggest that vaccination with two BNT162b2 inocula translates into a significant increase in humoral and cellular response in patients with hematological malignancies, but only around half of the patients can likely achieve effective immune protection against COVID-19.


Assuntos
Vacinas contra COVID-19/imunologia , COVID-19/complicações , COVID-19/imunologia , Neoplasias Hematológicas/complicações , Neoplasias Hematológicas/imunologia , Imunogenicidade da Vacina , SARS-CoV-2/imunologia , Imunidade Adaptativa , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Anticorpos Neutralizantes/imunologia , Anticorpos Antivirais/imunologia , Vacina BNT162 , Vacinas contra COVID-19/administração & dosagem , Comorbidade , Feminino , Interações Hospedeiro-Patógeno/imunologia , Humanos , Imunoglobulina G/imunologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores de Risco , Linfócitos T/imunologia , Linfócitos T/metabolismo , Adulto Jovem
7.
PLoS One ; 15(12): e0243342, 2020.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33332360

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: In numerous countries, large population testing is impossible due to the limited availability of RT-PCR kits and CT-scans. This study aimed to determine a pre-test probability score for SARS-CoV-2 infection. METHODS: This multicenter retrospective study (4 University Hospitals) included patients with clinical suspicion of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Demographic characteristics, clinical symptoms, and results of blood tests (complete white blood cell count, serum electrolytes and CRP) were collected. A pre-test probability score was derived from univariate analyses of clinical and biological variables between patients and controls, followed by multivariate binary logistic analysis to determine the independent variables associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. RESULTS: 605 patients were included between March 10th and April 30th, 2020 (200 patients for the training cohort, 405 consecutive patients for the validation cohort). In the multivariate analysis, lymphocyte (<1.3 G/L), eosinophil (<0.06 G/L), basophil (<0.04 G/L) and neutrophil counts (<5 G/L) were associated with high probability of SARS-CoV-2 infection but no clinical variable was statistically significant. The score had a good performance in the validation cohort (AUC = 0.918 (CI: [0.891-0.946]; STD = 0.014) with a Positive Predictive Value of high-probability score of 93% (95%CI: [0.89-0.96]). Furthermore, a low-probability score excluded SARS-CoV-2 infection with a Negative Predictive Value of 98% (95%CI: [0.93-0.99]). The performance of the score was stable even during the last period of the study (15-30th April) with more controls than infected patients. CONCLUSIONS: The PARIS score has a good performance to categorize the pre-test probability of SARS-CoV-2 infection based on complete white blood cell count. It could help clinicians adapt testing and for rapid triage of patients before test results.


Assuntos
COVID-19/diagnóstico , COVID-19/genética , Kit de Reagentes para Diagnóstico , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , SARS-CoV-2/genética , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Probabilidade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Sensibilidade e Especificidade
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