RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Interest in the neuro-cognitive profile of patients with schizophrenia and co-morbid obsessive compulsive disorder (schizo-OCD) is rising in response to reports of high co-morbidity rates. Whereas schizophrenia has been associated with global impairment in a wide range of neuro-cognitive domains, OCD is associated with specific deficits featuring impaired performance on tasks of motor and cognitive inhibition involving frontostriatal neuro-circuitry. METHOD: We compared cognitive function using the CANTAB battery in patients with schizo-OCD (n=12) and a schizophrenia group without OCD symptoms (n=16). The groups were matched for IQ, gender, age, medication, and duration of illness. RESULTS: The schizo-OCD patients made significantly more errors on a task of attentional set-shifting (ID-ED set-shift task). By contrast, no significant differences emerged on the Stockings of Cambridge task, the Cambridge Gamble Task or the Affective Go/NoGo tasks. No correlation emerged between ID-ED performance and severity of schizophrenia, OCD or depressive symptoms, consistent with neurocognitive impairment holding trait rather than state-marker status. Schizo-obsessives also exhibited a trend toward more motor tics emphasizing a neurological contribution to the disorder.ConclusionOur findings reveal a more severe attentional set-shifting deficit and neurological abnormality that may be fundamental to the neuro-cognitive profile of schizo-OCD. The clinical implications of these impairments merit further exploration in larger studies.
Assuntos
Testes Neuropsicológicos/estatística & dados numéricos , Transtorno Obsessivo-Compulsivo/diagnóstico , Transtorno Obsessivo-Compulsivo/psicologia , Esquizofrenia/diagnóstico , Psicologia do Esquizofrênico , Adulto , Afeto/fisiologia , Idoso , Atenção/fisiologia , Comorbidade , Corpo Estriado/fisiopatologia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Diagnóstico Duplo (Psiquiatria) , Discriminação Psicológica/fisiologia , Função Executiva/fisiologia , Feminino , Lobo Frontal/fisiopatologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Rede Nervosa/fisiopatologia , Transtorno Obsessivo-Compulsivo/fisiopatologia , Escalas de Graduação Psiquiátrica/estatística & dados numéricos , Desempenho Psicomotor/fisiologia , Tempo de Reação/fisiologia , Esquizofrenia/fisiopatologia , Semântica , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Research reported in the 1980s suggests combat experience in World War II is strongly related to consumption of alcohol by aging veterans. Whether post-traumatic stress disorder is implicated needs study.
Assuntos
Alcoolismo/psicologia , Distúrbios de Guerra/psicologia , Transtornos de Estresse Pós-Traumáticos/psicologia , Veteranos/psicologia , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Humanos , Masculino , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
This paper presents a brief review of chlamydial pneumonia in infancy and indirect evidence that the incidence of this disease may be high in developing countries. The results of a case-control study in Costa Rica, involving 39 cases of pneumonia and 43 controls (cases of diarrhoea), suggest that chlamydial pneumonia is of considerable public health importance there. Thirteen out of the 39 (33%) cases of pneumonia had serum antibody to Chlamydia trachomatis serovars D, E, F, G and L2, whereas only 1 out of the 43 controls was IgM-antibody positive (P<0.001). The occurrence of chlamydial pneumonia as a major health problem in developing countries is discussed.