Study of salt-induced changes in the Leptinito Gneiss of a column from the Mosteiro de São Bento in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

The object of this study can be found among the various ornamental rocks used in historic buildings in the city of Rio de Janeiro. It is a degraded Leptinito Gneiss that makes up one of the support columns of the kitchen of the Mosteiro de São Bento (Monastery of Saint Benedict) in Rio de Janeiro. The main aim of the present study is to identify the causes of the high degree of degradation of said column. Non-destructive tests were performed, and laboratory evaluation of the disintegrated fragments may help restore and conserve this column in the future. Results obtained from the tests performed on the altered column were compared to those obtained from another column in the monastery, also built in Leptinito, which is more intact and is a sound Leptinito Gneiss. The results showed that degradation of the column is caused by the crystallization of salts (halite) inside the rock, which is reducing its mechanical strength and causing an imminent risk of collapse.

[Vaccination Against COVID-19 in a Network of Hemodialysis Units in Portugal: A Promising Experience].

INTRODUCTION: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) responsible for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) seriously affected Portugal, particularly in the elderly population with a high number of comorbidities, including patients with chronic kidney disease in stage 5 (CKD-5D) undergoing a regular dialysis program. The aims of this study were to identify the impact of vaccination on the incidence of new daily cases and mortality in the CKD-5D population. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Prospective, observational study, involving patients with CKD-5D from 38 NephroCare clinics, Portugal. Daily SARS-CoV-2 infections and mortality among these patients was compared with the incidence in the general population. Three periods were analysed: before vaccination, during the vaccination process, and a third period after complete vaccination with the Pfizer-BioNTech' Comirnaty® vaccine. The primary outcome was infection by the SARS-CoV-2 virus and the secondary outcome was death associated with the infection. RESULTS: A total of 4617 patients (average of 69.37 years of age) were analysed. During the first period, there was a significantly higher COVID-19 incidence of 14.9% in patients with CKD-5D compared with the general population (7.9%; p < 0.001). During the fifteen days after the complete vaccination, results reverted to a significant decrease in COVID-19 cases was observed (p < 0.001). The mortality rate among CKD-5D was significantly higher than in the general population (p < 0.001). DISCUSSION: A high incidence rate of infection was observed in CKD-5D patients, probably due to several factors such as advanced age, number of comorbidities, inability to remain in confinement, among others. After vaccination there was a significant reduction of new cases. CONCLUSION: Vaccination significantly reduced SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with CKD-5D.

Introdução: Portugal foi atingido severamente pela síndrome respiratória aguda grave (SARS-CoV-2), responsável pela doença por coronavírus 2019 (COVID-19). A população idosa e com comorbilidades, na qual estão incluídas as pessoas com doença renal crónica em estádio 5 em programa regular de hemodiálise (CKD-5D), foi particularmente afetada. Definimos como objetivos deste estudo a identificação do impacto da vacinação no surgimento de novos casos diários e a sua influência na mortalidade na população CKD-5D.Material e Métodos: Estudo observacional, prospetivo, envolvendo doentes com CKD-5D de 38 clínicas da NephroCare, Portugal. A infeção e a mortalidade diárias por SARS-CoV-2 destes doentes foi comparada com a taxa de incidência na população em geral. Foram analisados três períodos: antes da vacinação, durante, e um terceiro período após a vacinação completa pela vacina Comirnaty ®, da Pfizer-BioNTech. Foi considerado desfecho primário a infeção pelo vírus SARS-CoV-2 e como desfecho secundário, a morte associada à infeção.Resultados: Foram analisados 4617 doentes com uma média de 69,37 anos. Durante o primeiro período, verificou-se uma taxa de incidência de COVID 19 de 14,9%, significativamente maior nos doentes CKD-5D quando comparado com a taxa de incidência de 7,9% da população em geral (p < 0,001). Durante os quinze dias após a vacinação completa observámos uma reversão, com diminuição significativa de casos de COVID-19 (p < 0,001). A mortalidade atribuível a COVID-19 no grupo CKD-5D foi significativamente superior ao da população em geral (p < 0,001).Discussão: Observámos uma elevada taxa de incidência de infeção nos doentes CKD-5D, presumivelmente correlacionada com vários fatores como a idade avançada, as comorbilidades, a impossibilidade de confinar, entre outros. Após a vacinação verificou-se uma redução significativa de novos casos.Conclusão: A vacinação reduziu significativamente a infeção por SARS-CoV-2 nos doentes CKD-5D.

Vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 in Haemodialysis Patients: Spike's Ab Response and the Influence of BMI and Age.

Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD-5D) in dialysis have been associated with higher rates of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Objective: To identify the CKD-5D patients' immune system behavior regarding the Pfizer-BioNTech (BNT162b2 mRNA) vaccine (Comirnaty©). This was a multicenter study carried out in 38 dialysis units in NephroCare Portugal. Eligible patients from two cohorts­one composed of completely vaccinated patients with Comirnaty© (vaccinated group) against a second cohort of patients who recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection (control group)­were selected through representative sampling for each cohort. Humoral response was assessed at 3 (t0) and 6 months (t1) after complete vaccination and, in the control group, 6 months after COVID-19 recovery. In the vaccinated group, at t0, the median anti-Spike IgG level was 1120 AU/mL and, at t1, all participants' antibody level decreased to a median of 455 AU/mL. In the control group, the median serum SARS-CoV-2 antibodies level was 1836 AU/mL. In the vaccinated group, at t0, patients < 70 years presented a significantly (p = 0.002) higher level of anti-Spike IgG titres. In contrast, older patients from the control group presented a significantly (p = 0.038) higher IgG. No correlation was found between age and anti-Spike IgG antibodies level in any of the studied groups. Patients with a higher body mass index showed a greater immune response in both the vaccinated and control group, although without significance. We concluded that, in the vaccinated group, elderly patients developed a lower immune response than younger patients and the levels of anti-Spike IgG antibodies declined faster between t0 and t1, while in the control group, the oldest and overweight patients developed the best humoral response.

Multiple single cannulation technique of arteriovenous fistula: A randomized controlled trial.

INTRODUCTION: Despite the impact needling has had on vascular access survival and patient outcome, there is no universal or standardized method proposed for proper cannulation. Rigorous studies are needed, examining cannulation practices, and challenges to achieving complication-free cannulation. METHODS: This randomized, open-label trial was conducted at 18 dialysis units owned by a large private dialysis provider operating in Portugal. Eligible patients were adults on chronic hemodialysis, with a new arteriovenous fistula (AVF); cannulated for at least 4 weeks complication-free. Patients were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to one of three cannulation techniques (CT): Multiple Single cannulation Technique (MuST), rope-ladder (RLC), and buttonhole (BHC). The primary endpoint was AVF primary patency at 1 year. FINDINGS: One hundred seventy-two patients were enrolled between March 2014 and March 2017. Fifty-nine patients were allocated to MuST, 56 to RLC, and 57 to BHC. MuST and RLC were associated with a better AVF primary patency than BHC. Primary patency at 12 months was 76.3% in MuST, 59.6% in BHC, and 76.8% in RLC group. Mean AVF survival times were 10.5 months (95% CI = 9.6, 11.3) in the MuST group, 10.4 months (95% CI = 9.5, 11.2) in RLC, and 9.5 months (95% CI = 8.6, 10.4) in BHC. BHC was a significant risk predictor for AVF survival with 2.13 times more events than the other two CT (HR 2.13; 95% CI = 1.07, 4.21; p = 0.03). DISCUSSION: MuST was easy to implement without a diagram and there is no need to use blunt needles. This study showed MuST was efficacious and safe in maintaining the longevity of AVF in dialysis patients.

[Nursing students' perception about the Nursing Laboratory as a teaching strategy]. / Percepção de estudantes de enfermagem sobre o Laboratório de Enfermagem como estratégia de ensino.

The objective of this study is to get to know the nursing students' perception in terms of the physical, educational and human aspects of the nursing laboratory in the teaching-learning process. This is a quantitative, cross-sectional, non-experimental study. Participants were 85 students who answered to a questionnaire about the laboratory in regard to human resources, teaching resources, physical infrastructure, and accommodation and hours of operation. Regarding the physical infrastructure of the lab, the majority of students (58.8%) rated it as bad or average, and accommodation was rated between bad and extremely bad by 50.6% of the students. The lab working hours were rated from good to excellent by 63.5% of the students. The nursing specialists and monitors of the laboratory were positively rated by the students, with 87.0% and 84.9% rating them from good to excellent, respectively. According to the students, the best aspect of the laboratory was human resources.

Sleep lifestyle correlate of dizziness among teachers.

Introduction Some studies have shown associations between sleep quality and dizziness. However, this association has not been investigated in teachers. Objective To verify a possible association between dizziness complaint and sleep quality in teachers. Methods Cross-sectional study developed with 96 school teachers (mean age of 47.8 ± 9.8 years). To assess dizziness, an audiological assessment was performed, which was the same one used in routine audiological care (Miller protocol). The dizziness handicap inventory (DHI) was applied to those individuals who reported dizziness. To evaluated sleep quality, the Pittsburgh sleep quality index was used. Results The prevalence of dizziness was 22.9% ( n = 22). Of these, 77.3% ( n = 17) were women, 63.6% ( n = 14) demonstrated poor sleep quality, and 54.5% ( n = 12) were young adults (27-48 years). In the comparison between the dizziness and the control groups, no statistically significant differences were found ( p > 0.05). The analysis adjusted for the confounding variables showed a difference for men in the sleep efficiency variable ( p = 0.043); young adults showed a statistically significant difference in the total score ( p = 0.021) and total sleep time ( p = 0.029). There was a moderate correlation between DHI and total time in bed ( p = 0.036, r = 0.497) and DHI and sleep efficiency ( p = 0.014; r = -0.582). Conclusion Dizziness influences the quality of sleep in teachers, especially that of the youngest and male patients. There was a moderate correlation between total time in bed, sleep efficiency, and DHI, demonstrating that sleep quality should be considered an important factor in the assessment and rehabilitation process of dizziness.

Does subjective assessment of dialyzer appearance reflect dialyzer performance in online hemodiafiltration?

INTRODUCTION: In post-dilution online hemodiafiltration, a very thin balance subsists in preventing coagulation of the extracorporeal circuit (ECC) during treatment and bleeding in the patient, concerning dialyzer status and anticoagulation dose. The aim of this study was to assess whether there are clinical outcome differences between the visual aspect of the dialyzer's status in terms of clotted fibers at end of dialysis treatments, single-pool urea kinetic modeling (spKt/V) and substitution volume (SubsVol). METHODS: It is a multicenter, descriptive-correlational study, involving 2829 patients during April 2016. Previous training was given to the Nursing staff to evaluate and classify both the dialyzer's and the venous chamber's appearance of the ECC venous line. Registration was performed at bedside immediately after the patient disconnection. FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION: Mean age was 68.96 years (SD = 13.75), 60.8% were men. The average hematocrit was 33.91% (SD = 3.45%). The average dry weight was 68.53 kg (SD = 13.27 kg). Mean unfractioned heparin (UFH) dose was 58.13 IU/kg. Only 32.4% of the patients had a clean dialyzer at the end of treatment. 19.4% of patients finished the treatment with more than 10% of clotted fibers. Patients with no residual blood (clean, 32.4%) presented a higher UFH dose (66.32 IU/kg) compared to overall average dose. UFH dose had a significant effect on dialyzer status. There were significant differences in average of spKt/V and SubsVol between the category clean and the other categories of dialyzer's status. Evaluating the dialyzer status represents an excellent opportunity to help the physicians to establish an ideal heparin dose. Only the category clean is significant to achieve the target. The nursing staff, by classifying the ECC appearance at patient's bedside and recording it in a centralized database, can be a major contributor to achieve an individualized and optimal UFH dose and subsequently better patient outcomes.

[Evaluation of the handwashing technique held by students from the nursing graduation course]. / Avaliação da técnica de lavagem das mãos executada por alunos do curso de graduação em enfermagem.

The purpose of this study was to compare the execution and verify the compliance with the handwashing techniques by students in an undergraduate Nursing course. The study was performed with 113 students enrolled in internship programs in healthcare institutions in the city of São Paulo. Data collection occurred through direct observation, using a check-list instrument with the steps of the technique. Students in their 2nd and 3rd year had better results in most steps of the technique, with a statistically significant difference when compared to the 4th year. Compliance with the steps of the technique by the students was very low, since their compliance with half the handwashing steps was lower than 50%. The average amount of students who executed all the steps of the technique correctly was very low, 8.8%. The observed students did not execute the handwashing techniques according to the recommendations.

Restitution volumes at the end of dialysis sessions: A potential influencing factor on patients' haemoglobin levels?

AIM: To evaluate whether haemoglobin (Hb) levels are influenced by the restitution volume (RestVol) at the end of the dialysis session, independently of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESA) and iron doses. DESIGN: Over 12 months, 4,386 haemodialysis patients from 34 centres were enrolled in this observational descriptive study according to the checklist STrengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE). METHOD: RestVol, Hb levels, ESA and iron doses of every patient were assessed on a monthly basis. To determine the ideal RestVol, the clinics were classified into three groups according to the restitution volumes at the end of the dialysis sessions. RESULTS: Mean age was 69 ± 14 years, and 58.9% were men. The evaluation of 665,712 treatments revealed that RestVol of 380 ml seems to be the most efficient, since the clinics in this group managed to reduce ESA consumption with a negligible reduction in Hb levels.

Inhibition of plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase by heparin is modulated by potassium.

Heparin is related to several protein receptors that control Ca2+ homeostasis. Here, we studied the effects of heparin on the plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase from erythrocytes. Both ATP hydrolysis and Ca2+ uptake were inhibited by heparin without modification of the steady-state level of phosphoenzyme formed by ATP. Calmodulin did neither modify the inhibition nor the binding of heparin. Inhibition by heparin was counteracted by K+ but not by Li+. This effect was extended to other sulfated polysaccharides with high number of sulfate residues. Hydrolysis of p-nitrophenylphosphate was equally inhibited by heparin. No evidence for enzyme uncoupling was observed: Ca2+ uptake and ATP hydrolysis remained tightly associated at any level of heparin, and heparin did not increase the passive Ca2+ efflux of inside-out vesicles. Vanadate blocked this efflux, indicating that the main point of Ca2+ escape from these vesicles was linked to the Ca2+ pump. It is discussed that sulfated polysaccharides may physiologically increase the steady-state level of Ca2+ in the cytosol by inhibiting the Ca2+ pumps in a K+ (and tissue) regulated way. It is suggested that heparin regulates the plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase by binding to the E2 conformer.

Racismo cotidiano na política brasileira: xingamentos e ameaças contra a parlamentar negra Talíria Petrone e seu significado na herança colonial / Daily racism in Brazilian politics: insults and threats against black parliamentarian Talíria Petrone and its meaning in the colonial heritage / Racismo cotidiano en la política brasileña: insultos y amenazas contra la parlamentaria negra Talíria Petrone y su significado en la herencia colonial

As ameaças e xingamentos racistas direcionados à parlamentar Talíria Petrone, no exercício do seu mandato, expressam a especificidade dos riscos de adoecimento e morte que as mulheres negras enfrentam na política institucional. Partindo do reconhecimento desse fenômeno como uma realidade traumática, como demonstra Kilomba, analisamos os episódios de racismo cotidiano (idem), numa perspectiva interseccional, a partir de uma publicação da deputada no Instagram, e seu significado dentro da herança colonial escravagista brasileira. A análise corrobora a necessidade de plataformas que contemplem e governos que implementem ações efetivas para coibir este tipo de crime e assegurar os direitos políticos e a saúde plena dessas mulheres.

The racist threats and insults against the parliamentarian Talíria Petrone, in the exercise of her mandate, express the specificity of the risks of illness and death that black women face in the institutional politics. Based on the recognition of this phenomenon as a traumatic reality, as Kilomba shows us, we analyzed the episodes of everyday racism, in an intersectional perspective, from a post published by the deputy in her Instagram profile, and their meaning within the Brazilian colonial slavery heritage. The analysis corroborates there is a need for platforms contemplating and governments implementing effective actions to hinder this type of crime and to ensure the political rights and the complete health of these women.

Las amenazas y los insultos racistas dirigidos a la parlamentaria Talíria Petrone, en ejercicio de su mandato, expresan la especificidad de los riesgos de enfermedad y muerte que enfrentan las mujeres negras en la política institucional. Apoyando en el reconocimiento de este fenómeno como una realidad traumática, como demonstra Kilomba, analizamos los episodios de racismo cotidiano, en una perspectiva interseccional, teniendo en cuenta una publicación en el perfil de Instagram de la diputada, y su significado dentro de la herencia de esclavitud colonial brasileña. El análisis corrobora la necesidad de que las plataformas contemplen y los gobiernos implementen acciones efectivas para cohibir ese tipo de crimen y asegurar los derechos políticos y la salud integral de esas mujeres.

Racismo cotidiano na política brasileira: xingamentos e ameaças contra a parlamentar negra Talíria Petrone e seu significado na herança colonial / Daily racism in brazilian politics: insults and threats against black parliamentarian Talíria Petrone and its meaning in the colonial heritage

As ameaças e xingamentos racistas direcionados à parlamentar Talíria Petrone, no exercício do seu mandato, expressam a especificidade dos riscos de adoecimento e morte que as mulheres negras enfrentam na política institucional. Partindo do reconhecimento desse fenômeno como uma realidade traumática, como demonstra Kilomba, analisamos os episódios de racismo cotidiano (idem), numa perspectiva interseccional, a partir de uma publicação da deputada no Instagram, e seu significado dentro da herança colonial escravagista brasileira. A análise corrobora a necessidade de plataformas que contemplem e governos que implementem ações efetivas para coibir este tipo de crime e assegurar os direitos políticos e a saúde plena dessas mulheres.

Sleep lifestyle correlate of dizziness among teachers

Abstract Introduction Some studies have shown associations between sleep quality and dizziness. However, this association has not been investigated in teachers. Objective To verify a possible association between dizziness complaint and sleep quality in teachers. Methods Cross-sectional study developed with 96 school teachers (mean age of 47.8 ± 9.8 years). To assess dizziness, an audiological assessment was performed, which was the same one used in routine audiological care (Miller protocol). The dizziness handicap inventory (DHI) was applied to those individuals who reported dizziness. To evaluated sleep quality, the Pittsburgh sleep quality index was used. Results The prevalence of dizziness was 22.9% (n = 22). Of these, 77.3% (n = 17) were women, 63.6% (n = 14) demonstrated poor sleep quality, and 54.5% (n = 12) were young adults (27-48 years). In the comparison between the dizziness and the control groups, no statistically significant differences were found (p> 0.05). The analysis adjusted for the confounding variables showed a difference for men in the sleep efficiency variable (p = 0.043); young adults showed a statistically significant difference in the total score (p = 0.021) and total sleep time (p = 0.029). There was a moderate correlation between DHI and total time in bed (p = 0.036, r = 0.497) and DHI and sleep efficiency (p = 0.014; r = -0.582). Conclusion Dizziness influences the quality of sleep in teachers, especially that of the youngest and male patients. There was a moderate correlation between total time in bed, sleep efficiency, and DHI, demonstrating that sleep quality should be considered an important factor in the assessment and rehabilitation process of dizziness.

As guerras do Rio: mídia, favela e militarização do cotidiano / The Rio wars: media, favela and militarization of every daily life / Las guerras de Río: medios, favela y militarización de lo cotidiano

Este trabalho analisa o uso da expressão Guerra do Rio como elemento estruturante das narrativas jornalísticas sobre o tráfico de drogas de varejo nas favelas do Rio de Janeiro. A partir de reportagens publicadas em dois jornais cariocas ­ O Globo e Jornal do Brasil -, em dez diferentes anos, ao longo de quatro décadas (dos anos 1980 a 2010), busca-se recuperar as condições de emergência desta representação e os sentidos postos em circulação, bem como problematizar suas consequências. Utilizando a teoria da agenda (Mc Combs e Shaw) e a análise do enquadramento (Entmann) pretendemos compreender como a construção de uma cidade em guerra nos discursos jornalísticos influenciou a agenda pública em diferentes períodos, justificando a militarização do cotidiano da população moradora de favelas, submetendo-a a uma sociabilidade violenta (Machado da Silva).(AU)

This paper analyzes the use of the term Guerra do Rio as a structuring element of the journalistic narratives about the drug trafficking in the slums of Rio de Janeiro. Based on reports published in two Rio newspapers - O Globo and Jornal do Brasil - in ten different years, over four decades, it seeks to recover the conditions of emergence of this representation and the meanings put into circulation, as well as to problematize its consequences. Using the agenda setting (Mc Combs and Shaw) and the frame analysis (Entmann) we intend to understand how the construction of a city at war in journalistic discourses influenced the public agenda in different periods, justifying the militarization of the every daily life of the population living in slums, subjecting it to a violent sociability (Machado da Silva).

Este trabajo analiza el uso de la expresión Guerra de Río como elemento estructurante de las narrativas periodísticas sobre el tráfico de drogas al por menor en las favelas de Rio de Janeiro. A partir de reportajes publicados en dos periódicos cariocas - O Globo y Jornal do Brasil-, en diez años diferentes, a lo largo de cuatro décadas, se busca recuperar las condiciones de emergencia de esta representación y los sentidos puestos encirculación, así como problematizar sus consecuencias. El uso de la teoría de la agenda (Mc Combs y Shaw)y el análisis del encuadramiento (Entmann) pretendemos comprender cómo la construcción de una ciudaden guerra en los discursos periodísticos influenció la agenda pública en diferentes períodos, justificando la militarización del cotidiano de la población moradora de favelas, sometiéndola a una sociabilidad violenta(Machado da Silva)

As guerras do Rio: mídia, favela e militarização do cotidiano / The Rio wars: media, favela and militarization of every daily life

Este trabalho analisa o uso da expressão Guerra do Rio como elemento estruturante das narrativas jornalísticas sobre o tráfico de drogas de varejo nas favelas do Rio de Janeiro. A partir de reportagens publicadas em dois jornais cariocas ­ O Globo e Jornal do Brasil -, em dez diferentes anos, ao longo de quatro décadas (dos anos 1980 a 2010), busca-se recuperar as condições de emergência desta representação e os sentidos postos em circulação, bem como problematizar suas consequências. Utilizando a teoria da agenda (Mc Combs e Shaw) e a análise do enquadramento (Entmann) pretendemos compreender como a construção de uma cidade em guerra nos discursos jornalísticos influenciou a agenda pública em diferentes períodos, justificando a militarização do cotidiano da população moradora de favelas, submetendo-a a uma sociabilidade violenta (Machado da Silva).

Estrutura e processos da Vigilância em Saúde em municípios mineiros: uma análise qualiquantitativa / Structure and processes in Health Surveillance in municipalities of Minas Gerais: a quali-quantitative analysis

Resumo Introdução A descentralização das ações de saúde pública, operacionalizada a partir da criação do Sistema Único de Saúde, alterou sobremaneira os sistemas de saúde municipais no Brasil. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar de forma qualiquantitativa os sistemas de Vigilância em Saúde (VS) de três municípios mineiros de pequeno e médio porte e associar com os serviços de saúde prestados. Métodos Um instrumento de coleta de dados estruturado e entrevistas semiestruturadas foram utilizados para avaliar a estrutura e os processos realizados na VS dos municípios, respectivamente. Resultados Vigilância Epidemiológica, Sanitária e Vigilância da Situação de Saúde apresentaram a melhor estrutura. Vigilância ambiental, Vigilância à Saúde do Trabalhador e Promoção da Saúde possuíam estruturas precárias nos três municípios e, na maioria das vezes, compartilhada com outros setores. Os entrevistados atribuíram a boa execução dos processos de vigilância nos municípios muito mais à proatividade dos profissionais e articulação com outros setores do que propriamente pela estrutura física. Conclusão A VS nos municípios mineiros ainda é incipiente, porém projetos pioneiros como o ProFVS-MG podem alterar sobremaneira a realidade local.

Abstract Introduction The decentralization of public health measures, operationalized through the creation of the Sistema Único de Saúde (Unified Health System), greatly altered municipal health systems in Brazil. The aim of this study was to qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate small and medium-size health monitoring systems (HS) in three municipalities of Minas Gerais and associate this with the health services provided. Methods A data collection instrument of structured and semi-structured interviews was used to assess the structure and processes established in HS municipalities, respectively. Results Epidemiological Monitoring, Sanitation Monitoring and Health Situation Monitoring had the best structure. Environmental Health Monitoring, Occupational Health Monitoring and Health Promotion had poor structures in the three municipalities, and was frequently shared with other sectors. Respondents principally attributed good performance of monitoring procedures to the proactivity of professionals and collaboration with other sectors, rather than to the physical structure itself. Conclusions HS in the municipalities of Minas Gerais is still incipient, but pioneering projects such as the SHSP-MG can greatly change the local reality.

Exploratory study of the prevalence of traumatic injuries in preschool children in the city of Macapá, Brazil

Objective:To verify the prevalence of dental trauma and the most common types of trauma in primary dentition of preschool children in the city of Macapá, Brazil. Material and Methods:A convenience sample of 177 preschool children aged 1-4 years of both genders was examined. Data collection occurred in public schools in different regions examiner. For comparison of data, statistical Chi-square test was applied, arranged in order of frequency (p<0.05). Results:The prevalenceof traumatic injuries was 46.3%,there was no statistically significant difference between genders (p = 0.09). The least affected age group was 1 year old (p=<0.001). The most common type of injury was enamel fracture (88.3%) and the most affected teeth were upper central deciduous incisors (70.1%) and upper lateral deciduous incisors (17.6%). Conclusion:Due to the high prevalence of dental trauma in this population, preventive and educational measures are needed to reduce the number of cases both in the private network and in promotions of public and community health

Análisis psicométrico del índice de esperanza de herth en una muestra no clínica peruana / Psychometric analysis of the Herth hope index in a not clinical peruvian sample

Se describe el análisis psicométrico del índice de esperanza de Herth, integrado por 10 ítems tipo Likert con 4 alternativas. La escala se administró a 210 hombres y mujeres, de 16 a 42 años de edad, de una universidad particular de Lima. El análisis de correlación ítem-test encontró asociaciones altamente significativas (p< .001) para cada uno de los reactivos, indicando que los reactivos evalúan indicadores de un mismo constructo. El índice de esperanza presenta elevada consistencia interna ((X = .851). La validez de constructo se estableció mediante análisis factorial, en donde, mediante una evaluación de componentes principales y rotación ortogonal (Varimax) se extrajeron dos factores identificados como: 1) optimismo / soporte y 2) agencia.

Psychometric analysis described of the Herth Hope Index, integrated by 10 Likert type items with four alternatives. The scale was applied to 210 men and women, from 16 to 42 years of age of a private university of Lima. The item - test correlation analysis found highly significant associations (p< .001) for each of the reagents, indicating that the reagents evaluate indicators of the same construct. The Hope Index presents high internal consistency (01= .851). Construct validity was established by factor analysis, where, using the principal components analysis and orthogonal rotation (Varimax), two iden-tified factors were extracted: 1. Optimism / Support and 2. Agency.

Análisis psicométrico preliminar de la escala de timidez revisada de check y buss en adolescentes y jóvenes peruanos / Psychometric analysis preliminary of the revised shyness scale of check and buss, A. H. in teen and young peruvians

Resumen El artículo describe un análisis psicométrico de la Escala de Timidez Revisada de Check, y Buss, integrada por 11 ítems de tipo likert con cinco alternativas. La escala se administró a 385 estudiantes, hombres y mujeres, de 16 a 25 años de edad de universidades privadas y nacionales de Lima. El análisis de correlación ítem-test encontró asociaciones altamente significativas (p<.001) para cada uno de los reactivos, indicando que los reactivos evalúan indicadores de un mismo constructo. La Escala de Timidez presenta elevada consistencia interna (a de Cronbach=.842). La validez de constructo se estableció mediante Análisis Factorial, en donde mediante el análisis de componentes principales y la rotación ortogonal (Varimax) extrajeron dos factores identificados como: 1. Inadecuación de relaciones interpersonales y 2. Evitación de contacto social.

Abstract The article describes the psychometric analysis of the Revised Shyness Scale of Check and Buss, composed of 11 Likert items with five alternatives. The scale was administered to 385 students, men and women, 16-25 years of age and national private universities in Lima. Correlation analysis-test item associations found highly significant (p<0.001) for each of the reagents, the reagents evaluated indicating that a single construct indicators. Shyness Scale has high internal consistency (Cronbach's a = .842). The validity of construct was established by means of Analysis Factorial, where the analysis of principal components and the orthogonal rotation (Varimax) they extracted two factors identified like: Inadequacy of interpersonal relations and Avoidance of social contact.

Risco, sofrimento e vítima virtual: a política do medo nas narrativas jornalísticas contemporâneas / Risk, suffering and virtual victim: the politics of fear in contemporary journalistic narratives

O artigo examina aspectos discursivos e políticos do medo em sua singularidade histórica, a partir da exposição do sofrimento de estranhos no espaço público. A relação entre cultura e sofrimento privilegia quatro tópicos: i) a transformação do sofrimento em questão política na cultura ocidental; ii) a seleção dos estados e condições considerados para uma dada época histórica como sofrimentos relevantes e evitáveis através da ação política; iii) atribuição de responsabilidade pelo sofrimento de estranhos e, iv) o modo de endereçar a audiência. A base empírica reúne matérias de jornais e telejornais sobre crimes, catástrofes e epidemias, produzidas a partir de 1980, e permite refletir sobre as repercussões éticas da política do medo contemporânea,conceituada como política da vítima virtual.