Epidemiology of oral cancer in South and South-East Asia: Incidence and mortality.

INTRODUCTION: This study provides an epidemiological description of cancer in the lip, oral cavity, and oropharynx in the South and South-East Asia region. METHODS: The number of new cases and deaths was extracted from the GLOBOCAN 2020 and the CI5 series. We present age-standardized incidence and mortality rates per 100,000 inhabitants. To assess temporal trends, we estimated the annual percent change. RESULTS: The incidence rates (ASR) for lip and oral cavity cancer in South and South-East Asia were highest in Taiwan (30.2), Sri Lanka (16.5), India (14.8), and Pakistan (13.2) among males. For oropharyngeal cancer, the highest rates were found in Taiwan (4.7), Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, and India (4.3, 2.9, and 2.6, respectively). Incidence rates were consistently higher in males compared to females. Overall, trends in lip and oral cavity cancer incidence were either stable or decreasing in most of the populations evaluated. In India, an increase in rates among males contrasted with a decline among females over the study period. CONCLUSION: Incidence and mortality rates of oral cavity cancer in South and South-East Asia are among the highest globally. Our results suggest an optimistic trend of reduction in oral cavity rates in the region, despite an increase in rates among Indian males.

Wide QRS complex tachycardia in patients with Chagas' disease: Sustained ventricular tachycardia until proven otherwise.

Algorithms used for the differential diagnosis of wide QRS complex tachycardia are extremely important in clinical practice, but they have limitations and should be applied with caution. We describe a case of a patient with positive serology for Chagas disease and normal echocardiogram who presented an episode of wide QRS complex tachycardia. It was initially diagnosed as sustained ventricular tachycardia using the Brugada and Vereckei algorithms and it was sent to the reference service for the implant of a cardioverter defibrillator. However, the clinical history, electrocardiogram in sinus rhythm and the electrophysiological study were fundamental to the correct diagnosis and treatment of a posterolateral atrioventricular accessory pathway.

Firefighting and Cancer: A Meta-analysis of Cohort Studies in the Context of Cancer Hazard Identification.

Objective: We performed a meta-analysis of epidemiological results for the association between occupational exposure as a firefighter and cancer as part of the broader evidence synthesis work of the IARCMonographs program. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted to identify cohort studies of firefighters followed for cancer incidence and mortality. Studies were evaluated for the influence of key biases on results. Random-effects meta-analysis models were used to estimate the association between ever-employment and duration of employment as a firefighter and risk of 12 selected cancers. The impact of bias was explored in sensitivity analyses. Results: Among the 16 included cancer incidence studies, the estimated meta-rate ratio, 95% confidence interval (CI), and heterogeneity statistic (I2) for ever-employment as a career firefighter compared mostly to general populations were 1.58 (1.14-2.20, 8%) for mesothelioma, 1.16 (1.08-1.26, 0%) for bladder cancer, 1.21 (1.12-1.32, 81%) for prostate cancer, 1.37 (1.03-1.82, 56%) for testicular cancer, 1.19 (1.07-1.32, 37%) for colon cancer, 1.36 (1.15-1.62, 83%) for melanoma, 1.12 (1.01-1.25, 0%) for non-Hodgkin lymphoma, 1.28 (1.02-1.61, 40%) for thyroid cancer, and 1.09 (0.92-1.29, 55%) for kidney cancer. Ever-employment as a firefighter was not positively associated with lung, nervous system, or stomach cancer. Results for mesothelioma and bladder cancer exhibited low heterogeneity and were largely robust across sensitivity analyses. Conclusions: There is epidemiological evidence to support a causal relationship between occupational exposure as a firefighter and certain cancers. Challenges persist in the body of evidence related to the quality of exposure assessment, confounding, and medical surveillance bias.

Multi-residue analysis of pesticide residues in mangoes using solid-phase microextraction coupled to liquid chromatography and UV-Vis detection.

A sensitive and efficient solid-phase microextraction method, based on liquid chromatography and UV-Vis detection, was developed and validated as an alternative method for sample screening prior to LC-MS analysis. It enables the simultaneous determination of ten pesticides in mango fruits. The fiber used was polydimethylsiloxane while optimum SPME conditions employed have been developed and optimized in a previous work. The desorption process was performed in static mode, using acetonitrile as a solvent. The results indicate that the DI-SPME/HPLC/UV-Vis procedure resulted in good linear range, accuracy, precision and sensibility and is adequate for analyzing pesticide residues in mango fruits. The limits of detection (0.6-3.3 µg/kg) and quantification (2.0-10.0 µg/kg) were achieved with values lower than the maximum residue levels (MRLs) established by Brazilian legislation for all pesticides in this study. The average recovery rates obtained for each pesticide ranged from 71.6 to 104.3% at three fortification levels, with the relative standard deviation ranging from 4.3 to 18.6%. The proposed method was applied for the determination of the aforementioned compounds in commercial mango samples and residues of azoxystrobin, fenthion, permethrin, abamectin and bifenthrin were detected in the mango samples, although below the MRLs established by Brazilian legislation.

Clinical predictors of inducible sustained ventricular tachycardia during electrophysiologic study in patients with chronic Chagas' heart disease.

BACKGROUND: Clinical independent predictors of inducible sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT) during electrophysiologic study (EPS) are not known in patients with chronic Chagas' heart disease. The purpose of this investigation was to fill this gap. METHODS: The medical charts of 47 patients with a positive serology for Chagas' disease who had undergone EPS between September 2006 and July 2012 at our institution were reviewed. Reasons for the EPS were the presence of unexplained syncope, non-sustained ventricular tachycardia (NSVT) on either resting ECG or 24 h-Holter monitoring as well as a LVEF < 55% and > 35% at echocardiography. A stepwise logistic regression analysis was performed to identify noninvasive predictors of inducible sustained VT/ventricular fibrillation during EPS. RESULTS: On univariate analysis, syncopal episodes (p = 0.04), amiodarone therapy (p < 0.005), diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.03), creatinine serum levels (p < 0.001), potassium serum levels (p < 0.001), and lengthening of the QRS complex (p = 0.03) were associated with inducible sustained VT during EPS. In the multivariate model, amiodarone therapy (p = 0.03; hazard ratio = 10; Wald coefficient = 4.5; 95% confidence interval 1.2 to 85.2) was the only variable retained as independent predictor of inducible sustained VT during EPS. CONCLUSION: Amiodarone therapy was the only independent variable associated with sustained VT inducibility during EPS in patients with chronic Chagas' heart disease.

Drogas anticoagulantes em pacientes com arritmia / Anticoagulants drugs in patients with arrhythmia

O uso de anticoagulantes para profilaxia de tromboembolismo restringe-se à Fibrilaçãom Atrial (FA) e Flutter Atrial (FLA). FA é a arritmia sustentada mais prevalente nos dias de hoje, com aumento da prevalência de acordo com o aumento da idade. Está associada com maior risco de Insuficiência Cardíaca, mortalidade e Acidente Vascular Encefalico (um em cada cinco), sendo este último associado à maior gravidade, incapacidade e mortalidade do que isquemias cerebrais de outra etiologia. Deste fato, vem a importância de um adequado tratamento antitrombótico a fim de se evitar a cardioembolia. Neste artigo, temos por objetivo indicar os principais fatores de risco para tromboembolismo na FA, as drogas indicadas para profilaxia antitrombótica, incluindo os novos anticoagulantes orais, sua principais indicações, benefícios e riscos, inclusive em situações especiais como cardioversão e ablação de FA.

The use of anticoagulants for thromboembolism prophylaxis is restricted to Atrial Fibrillation (AF) and Atrial Flutter (FLA). Atrial fibrillation is the most prevalent sustained arrhythmia nowadays, with an increasing prevalence during the aging process. It is associated with an increased risk of heart failure, mortality and stroke (one in five), which is associated with greater severity, disability and mortality than with any other etiology of cerebral ischemia. This fact justifies of an adequate antithrombotic treatment in order to avoid thromboembolism. In this article, we aim to outline the main risk factors of thromboembolism in AF, drugs indicated for antithrombotic prophylaxis, including new oral anticoagulant, the main indications, risks and benefits, including special situations such as electrical cardioversion and ablation of AF.

Manuseio prático da fibrilação atrial / Practical management of atrial fibrillation

O manuseio de pacientes com fibrilação atrial é uma das situações mais corriqueiras na prática diária do cardiologista. Todas as condutas tomadas devem estarbem embasadas cientificamente, para oferecer ao paciente uma terapêutica segura e eficaz. A avaliação detalhada de cada caso é fundamental para que se estabeleça uma conduta terapêutica individualizada ao paciente. A prevenção de fenômenos tromboembólicos e o cuidado para se evitar pró-arritmias são pontos importantes,que contribuem com a redução de complicações graves para o paciente.