RESUMO
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection represents a serious global health problem and persistent HBV infection is associated with an increased risk of cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma and liver failure. Recently, the study of the role of microRNA (miRNA) in the pathogenesis of HBV has gained considerable interest as well as new treatments against this pathogen have been approved. A few studies have investigated the antiviral activity of vitamin E (VE) in chronic HBV carriers. Herein, we review the possible role of tocopherols in the modulation of host miRNA with potential anti-HBV activity. A systematic research of the scientific literature was performed by searching the MEDLINE, Cochrane Library and EMBASE databases. The keywords used were 'HBV therapy', 'HBV treatment', 'VE antiviral effects', 'tocopherol antiviral activity', 'miRNA antiviral activity' and 'VE microRNA'. Reports describing the role of miRNA in the regulation of HBV life cycle, in vitro and in vivo available studies reporting the effects of VE on miRNA expression profiles and epigenetic networks, and clinical trials reporting the use of VE in patients with HBV-related chronic hepatitis were identified and examined. Based on the clinical results obtained in VE-treated chronic HBV carriers, we provide a reliable hypothesis for the possible role of this vitamin in the modulation of host miRNA profiles perturbed by this viral pathogen and in the regulation of some cellular miRNA with a suggested potential anti-HBV activity. This approach may contribute to the improvement of our understanding of pathogenetic mechanisms involved in HBV infection and increase the possibility of its management and treatment.
Assuntos
Antivirais/uso terapêutico , Hepatite B Crônica/tratamento farmacológico , MicroRNAs/metabolismo , Tocoferóis/uso terapêutico , Genoma Viral , Vírus da Hepatite B/efeitos dos fármacos , Vírus da Hepatite B/genética , Vírus da Hepatite B/fisiologia , Hepatite B Crônica/genética , Hepatite B Crônica/virologia , Interações Hospedeiro-Patógeno/efeitos dos fármacos , Interações Hospedeiro-Patógeno/genética , Humanos , MicroRNAs/genética , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/prevenção & controle , Replicação Viral/efeitos dos fármacosAssuntos
Neoplasias Duodenais/secundário , Neoplasias do Íleo/secundário , Melanoma/secundário , Neoplasias Cutâneas/patologia , Neoplasias Gástricas/secundário , Idoso , Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias Duodenais/complicações , Neoplasias Duodenais/tratamento farmacológico , Endoscopia Gastrointestinal , Humanos , Neoplasias do Íleo/complicações , Neoplasias do Íleo/tratamento farmacológico , Masculino , Melanoma/tratamento farmacológico , Melanoma/cirurgia , Melena/etiologia , Neoplasias Cutâneas/cirurgia , Neoplasias Gástricas/complicações , Neoplasias Gástricas/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is a rare malignant tumor of the biliary tract with growing incidence and dismal prognosis. It is responsible for 10-20% of primary liver cancer worldwide, but early diagnosis is still a challenge and few treatment options are available. Aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge about biological features and arising molecular patterns of this disease. The identification of emerging biomarkers and early detection of precursor lesions shall play a key role in the perspective of future tailored targeted therapies.
Assuntos
Neoplasias dos Ductos Biliares/patologia , Ductos Biliares Intra-Hepáticos/patologia , Colangiocarcinoma/patologia , Detecção Precoce de Câncer , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patologia , Neoplasias dos Ductos Biliares/diagnóstico , Biomarcadores Tumorais , Colangiocarcinoma/diagnóstico , Humanos , Neoplasias Hepáticas/diagnósticoAssuntos
Colangite/etiologia , Neoplasias do Ducto Colédoco/diagnóstico , Linfoma de Células B/diagnóstico , Pancreatite/etiologia , Colangiopancreatografia Retrógrada Endoscópica , Ducto Colédoco/patologia , Neoplasias do Ducto Colédoco/complicações , Neoplasias do Ducto Colédoco/diagnóstico por imagem , Constrição Patológica , Endossonografia , Humanos , Linfoma de Células B/complicações , Linfoma de Células B/diagnóstico por imagem , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios XRESUMO
A case of uterine leiomyoma with skeletal muscle differentiation is described. The patient is a 40-year-old woman who underwent abdominal hysterectomy and left salpingo-oophorectomy for fibroids. Evidence of skeletal muscle differentiation was evident at light and electron microscopy in one out of three "ordinary" leiomyomas. This was also shown by positive immunoreactions with antiskeletal muscle actin and myoglobin antisera. To our knowledge, this is the second case reported of the occurrence of skeletal muscle differentiation within a uterine leiomyoma and highlights the divergent differentiating potential of smooth muscle cells.
Assuntos
Leiomioma/patologia , Músculo Esquelético/patologia , Neoplasias Uterinas/patologia , Actinas/metabolismo , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Leiomioma/metabolismo , Músculo Esquelético/metabolismo , Mioglobina/metabolismo , Neoplasias Uterinas/metabolismoRESUMO
Thirty cases of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast, showing histological microcalcifications, were studied to clarify their mechanism of formation. Undecalcified sections revealed three types of calcium precipitates: type I and II granular calcifications (GCs) and laminar calcifications (LCs). In type I GCs the core on which the calcium had deposited was constituted mainly by nuclear debris. Type II GCs were predominantly composed by mucosubstances. LCs were the result of calcium deposits on mucoid or proteinaceous material, arranged in concentric lamellae. LCs and type II GCs were mainly present in well and intermediately differentiated DCIS. Type I GCs were observed in only DCIS with necrosis, frequently being present in intermediately and poorly differentiated DCIS.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Calcinose/patologia , Carcinoma in Situ/patologia , Carcinoma Ductal de Mama/patologia , Adulto , Idoso , Neoplasias da Mama/química , Carcinoma in Situ/química , Carcinoma Ductal de Mama/química , Técnica de Descalcificação , Feminino , Histocitoquímica , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Coloração e RotulagemRESUMO
A case of extra-abdominal fibromatosis (EF) of the orbit is described in a 35-year-old man presenting with progressive exophthalmos, right ptosis and diplopia. MRI showed an orbital mass of intermediate signal in T1-weighted images (WI) and low signal in T2WI, which enhanced non-homogeneously after contrast injection. The histological diagnosis of EF was made and the lesion was surgically removed. No recurrence occurred in 40 months of follow-up.
RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: A case of follicular dendritic cell tumour arising in a lymph-node with Castleman's disease, hyaline-vascular type and associated with a vascular lesion of the capsule is described. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The lesion is documented by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: The patient is a 57 year old man with a large extrathoracic mass showing the combination of the lesions previously mentioned. In addition, he was found to have metastatic deposits in a cervical lymph-node and in the bone. He underwent radiotherapy and died shortly after with post-therapeutical complications. DISCUSSION: The present case constitutes the second report of follicular dendritic cell tumour associated with Castleman's disease and a benign vascular lesion. This association is discussed.
Assuntos
Malformações Arteriovenosas/complicações , Hiperplasia do Linfonodo Gigante/complicações , Linfonodos/irrigação sanguínea , Linfoma Folicular/patologia , Neoplasias Torácicas/patologia , Biomarcadores Tumorais/análise , Biópsia por Agulha , Neoplasias Ósseas/secundário , Hiperplasia do Linfonodo Gigante/patologia , Erros de Diagnóstico , Evolução Fatal , Histiocitoma Fibroso Benigno/diagnóstico , Síndrome de Horner/etiologia , Humanos , Linfonodos/patologia , Linfoma Folicular/química , Linfoma Folicular/complicações , Linfoma Folicular/diagnóstico , Linfoma Folicular/radioterapia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Proteínas de Neoplasias/análise , Teleterapia por Radioisótopo/efeitos adversos , Insuficiência Respiratória/etiologia , Neoplasias Torácicas/química , Neoplasias Torácicas/complicações , Neoplasias Torácicas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Torácicas/radioterapiaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: A case of solitary fibrous tumour of the cheek is described. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The lesion is documented by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: The patient is a 55 year old man and the tumor is constituted by a nodule measuring 2 cm in its greatest axis. The neoplastic cells are spindle shaped and arranged in a storiform pattern. They stain for vimentin and CD34. DISCUSSION: The differential diagnosis from morphologically similar lesions, such as leiomyoma, schwannoma, benign fibrohistiocytoma and myoepithelioma of the salivary glands was taken in consideration. The present case, together with those reported in the literature, indicates that solitary fibrous tumours arise in any site of the organism.
Assuntos
Bochecha , Neoplasias Faciais/patologia , Neoplasias de Tecido Muscular/patologia , Antígenos CD34/análise , Biomarcadores Tumorais , Neoplasias Faciais/química , Humanos , Queratinas/análise , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Proteínas de Neoplasias/análise , Neoplasias de Tecido Muscular/química , Proteínas S100/análise , Vimentina/análiseRESUMO
UNLABELLED: Two cases of breast carcinoma metastatic to meningioma are described in patients 69 and 62 years old respectively. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Cases were documented by radiological, histological and immunohistochemical techniques. RESULTS: Both meningiomas contained an invasive duct carcinoma of the breast, one of which was apocrine in nature. CONCLUSION: It is suggested that metastasis to meningioma is not so rare as it appears from the literature.
Assuntos
Apolipoproteínas , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Carcinoma Ductal de Mama/secundário , Glicoproteínas , Proteínas de Membrana Transportadoras , Neoplasias Meníngeas/secundário , Meningioma/patologia , Segunda Neoplasia Primária/patologia , Idoso , Apolipoproteínas D , Biomarcadores Tumorais/análise , Carcinoma Ductal de Mama/química , Proteínas de Transporte/análise , Feminino , Humanos , Queratinas/análise , Neoplasias Meníngeas/química , Neoplasias Meníngeas/patologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mucina-1/análise , Proteínas de Neoplasias/análise , Receptores de Estrogênio/análise , Receptores de Progesterona/análiseRESUMO
AIMS: Two cases of Merkel cell carcinoma occurring simultaneously and in close association with a Warthin tumour of the parotid gland are reported. METHODS AND RESULTS: The patients were a 65-year-old man and a 70-year-old man, respectively. The Merkel cell carcinoma component was immunoreactive for chromogranin and keratin 20 and contained neuroendocrine-type granules at the ultrastructural level. CONCLUSIONS: The histogenesis of this heretofore undescribed combination is discussed.