Leaves as bottlenecks: The contribution of tree leaves to hydraulic resistance within the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum.

Within vascular plants, the partitioning of hydraulic resistance along the soil-to-leaf continuum affects transpiration and its response to environmental conditions. In trees, the fractional contribution of leaf hydraulic resistance (Rleaf ) to total soil-to-leaf hydraulic resistance (Rtotal ), or fRleaf (=Rleaf /Rtotal ), is thought to be large, but this has not been tested comprehensively. We compiled a multibiome data set of fRleaf using new and previously published measurements of pressure differences within trees in situ. Across 80 samples, fRleaf averaged 0.51 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.46-0.57) and it declined with tree height. We also used the allometric relationship between field-based measurements of soil-to-leaf hydraulic conductance and laboratory-based measurements of leaf hydraulic conductance to compute the average fRleaf for 19 tree samples, which was 0.40 (95% CI = 0.29-0.56). The in situ technique produces a more accurate descriptor of fRleaf because it accounts for dynamic leaf hydraulic conductance. Both approaches demonstrate the outsized role of leaves in controlling tree hydrodynamics. A larger fRleaf may help stems from loss of hydraulic conductance. Thus, the decline in fRleaf with tree height would contribute to greater drought vulnerability in taller trees and potentially to their observed disproportionate drought mortality.

Taxonomic revision of Pachyptera (Bignonieae, Bignoniaceae).

Pachyptera DC. is a small genus of neotropical lianas included in tribe Bignonieae (Bignoniaceae). The genus has a complicated taxonomic history but currently includes species distributed from Belize to Southern Amazon. Pachyptera is characterised by four main synapomorphies, namely, a papery peeling bark, prophylls of the axillary buds organised in a series of three, patelliform glands arranged in lines in the upper portions of the calyx and corolla tube. Furthermore, members of the genus also have stems with four phloem wedges in cross-section and conspicuous extrafloral nectaries between the interpetiolar region and at the petiole apex, although these characters are also shared with other genera of tribe Bignonieae. Here, we present a taxonomic revision of Pachyptera, which includes a complete list of synonyms, detailed morphological descriptions of species and an identification key, as well as information on the habitat, distribution and phenology, nomenclatural notes, taxonomic comments and illustrations of all the species. In addition, we designate three lectotypes, propose one new combination, raise one variety to species status and describe a new species. After these adjustments, a Pachyptera with five well-defined species is recognised.

A genomic approach for isolating chloroplast microsatellite markers for Pachyptera kerere (Bignoniaceae).

PREMISE OF THE STUDY: In this study, we developed chloroplast microsatellite markers (cpSSRs) for Pachyptera kerere (Bignoniaceae) to investigate the population structure and genetic diversity of this species. METHODS AND RESULTS: We used Illumina HiSeq data to reconstruct the chloroplast genome of P. kerere by a combination of de novo and reference-guided assembly. We then used the chloroplast genome to develop a set of cpSSRs from intergenic regions. Overall, 24 primer pairs were designed, 21 of which amplified successfully and were polymorphic, presenting three to nine alleles per locus. The unbiased haploid diversity per locus varied from 0.207 (Pac28) to 0.817 (Pac04). All but one locus amplified for all other taxa of Pachyptera. CONCLUSIONS: The markers reported here will serve as a basis for studies to assess the genetic structure and phylogeographic history of Pachyptera.

Tradução e adaptação cultural da Escala de Perfeccionismo para Aparência Física (PAPS) para a língua portuguesa no Brasil

Resumo O presente artigo objetivou fazer a adaptação cultural da Physical Appearance Perfectionism Scale (PAPS) para o Brasil. Seguiu guideline que preconiza traduções, síntese das traduções, retrotraduções, reunião de comitê de peritos e pré-teste. Todo o material das traduções, síntese e retrotraduções foi discutido pelo comitê de juízes que estabeleceu uma versão em português brasileiro com equivalências conceitual, cultural, idiomática e semântica, que foi aprovada pelos 50 participantes do pré-teste. A análise da frequência das respostas dos itens indicou ser necessária atenção ao item 3 em futuro estudo psicométrico. O processo de adaptação cultural da PAPS foi um rigoroso processo. Todavia, para seu uso em pesquisas, ainda é necessário estudo psicométrico.

Abstract The aim present article was made the cultural adaptation of Physical Appearance Perfectionism Scale (PAPS) to Brazil. We followed a guideline that advocates the accomplishment of translations, synthesis of translations, back-translations, committee and pre-test. All the translations, synthesis and back-translations material were discussed by the expertś committee, which established a Brazilian Portuguese version with conceptual, cultural, idiomatic and semantic equivalence, which was approved by the 50 participants of the pre-test. The analysis of the frequency of the answers of the items indicated that attention should be given to item 3 in a future psychometric study. The process of cultural adaptation of PAPS was a rigorous process. However, for its use in research, it is still necessary to psychometric study.

El objetivo del presente artículo fue realizar la adaptación cultural de la Escala de Perfeccionismo del Aspecto Físico (PAPS) a Brasil. Seguimos una guía que aboga por la realización de traducciones, síntesis de traducciones, traducciones retrospectivas, comité de expertos y pretest. Todo el material de traducción, síntesis y traducciones retrospectivas fue valorado por el comité de expertos, que estableció una versión en portugués brasileño con equivalencia conceptual, cultural, idiomática y semántica, que fue aprobada por los 50 participantes del pretest. El análisis de la frecuencia de las respuestas de los ítems indicó que se debe prestar atención al ítem 3 en un futuro estudio psicométrico. El proceso de adaptación cultural de la PAPS fue riguroso. Sin embargo, todavía es necesario un estudio psicométrico antes de utilizarla en investigaciones.