RESUMO
Seventy-two conventionally raised pigs were challenge exposed intranasally when approximately 3.5 weeks old with yolk-grown Bordetella bronchiseptica. Twenty-four pigs acted as noninfected, nonmedicated controls. Feed containing sulfamethazine or sulfathiazole (110 mg/kg of feed) was initiated in 2 groups of 24 infected pigs each 3 days after challenge exposure and was fed continuously for 56 days. Twenty-four infected pigs were given nonmedicated feed. Challenge exposure with the B bronchiseptica resulted in nasal bordetellosis characterized by isolations of the test organism from nasal cavities of infected control pigs at greater than 90% frequency through 28 days and from at least 50% of the pigs through 56 days. Moderate turbinate atrophy developed with a 48% increase in mean turbinate space in infected control pigs at necropsy. Performance was not affected by the infection which was confined to the nasal cavity. The B bronchiseptica isolation rate decreased faster (P less than 0.01) in the sulfamethazine group than in the sulfathiazole group. By day 42, sulfamethazine-medicated pigs were negative for B bronchiseptica in nasal swab samples; whereas 8% to 17% of sulfathiazole-medicated pigs were positive from days 42 to 56. Turbinate spacing measurements averaged 11% less in the sulfamethazine group than in the sulfathiazole group.
Assuntos
Infecções por Bordetella/veterinária , Rinite Atrófica/veterinária , Sulfametazina/uso terapêutico , Sulfatiazóis/uso terapêutico , Doenças dos Suínos/tratamento farmacológico , Ração Animal , Animais , Atrofia/veterinária , Infecções por Bordetella/tratamento farmacológico , Feminino , Masculino , Rinite Atrófica/tratamento farmacológico , Sulfametazina/administração & dosagem , Sulfatiazol , Sulfatiazóis/administração & dosagem , Suínos , Conchas Nasais/patologiaRESUMO
Anthelmintic efficacy, safety, and residue studies were conducted in sows and gilts with a levamisole gel containing 11.5% levamisole HCl. In 12 sows and 12 gilts, 8 mg of levamisole HCl equivalent/kg of body weight orally was 100% (resinate) and 91.1% (gel) effective against 55-day-old Ascaris suum and 100% (gel) and 96.1% (resinate) effective against Oesophagostomum dentatum. In 20 sows given levamisole gel (8 mg of levamisole HCl/kg) orally just before breeding, 4 to 6 weeks after breeding, 4 to 6 weeks before farrowing, and just before farrowing, there were no adverse effects. Transient salivation was noticed in five sows after treatment. In 4 groups of 4 sows each given levamisole gel orally to provide 8, 24, 40, or 80 mg of levamisole HCl/kg, adverse clinical signs were not observed in sows treated with 8 mg/kg. Transient salivation was noticed in one sow given 24 mg/kg, two sows given 40 mg/kg, and four sows given 80 mg/kg. Multiple emesis and chomping occurred in one sow given 80 mg/kg. Levamisole residues in edible tissues from sows given 8 mg of levamisole gel/kg orally were less than 0.1 mg/kg of muscle and fat in sows killed on posttreatment day (PTD) 3 and less than 0.1 mg/kg of kidney in sows killed on PTD 5. Liver residues averaged 0.78 mg/kg in sows killed on PTD 3 and were reduced to 0.31 mg/kg in sows killed on PTD 5. The 99% upper tolerance limit with 95% confidence on the withdrawal time to assure levamisole residues of less than 0.10 mg/kg in liver tissue was 11 days.
Assuntos
Ascaríase/veterinária , Gastroenteropatias/veterinária , Levamisol/uso terapêutico , Esofagostomíase/veterinária , Doenças dos Suínos/parasitologia , Administração Oral , Animais , Ascaríase/tratamento farmacológico , Feminino , Gastroenteropatias/tratamento farmacológico , Gastroenteropatias/parasitologia , Géis , Levamisol/administração & dosagem , Levamisol/efeitos adversos , Levamisol/metabolismo , Esofagostomíase/tratamento farmacológico , Suínos , Doenças dos Suínos/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
Anthelmintic efficacy, safety, and residue studies were conducted in beef calves using a levamisole gel formulation. The effectiveness of levamisole gel and tablet formulations was studied in 30 calves with experimental infection of Ostertagia ostertagi. Removal of 33- to 34-day-old O ostertagi was 99.6% and 97.7%, for the gel and tablet formulation, respectively, when administered orally to supply 8 mg of levamisole HCl equivalent/kg of body weight. A comparative blood concentration study was also used to demonstrate bioequivalence of the levamisole gel to the tablet formulation. In a cross-over-designed test, 5 cattle/treatment group were dosed orally with levamisole 11.5% gel or levamisole tablets at the dosage rate of 8 mg of levamisole HCl/kg. Blood levamisole values were similar with the levamisole gel and tablet formulations. In a safety study, 3 groups of 6 calves each were given levamisole gel orally to provide 8, 24, or 40 mg of levamisole HCl/kg. A 4th group served as controls. Adverse clinical signs were not observed in cattle treated with the recommended dosage level of 8 mg/kg. Transient salivation was noticed in 1 placebo control calf, 2 calves given 24 mg/kg, and 4 calves given 40 mg/kg. Edible tissues from cattle given a single oral dose of levamisole gel (8 mg/kg) were analyzed for drug residues 2 hours and 2, 3, 5, and 7 days after treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Assuntos
Doenças dos Bovinos/tratamento farmacológico , Levamisol/administração & dosagem , Ostertagíase/veterinária , Tricostrongiloidíase/veterinária , Animais , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos/sangue , Feminino , Géis , Levamisol/sangue , Masculino , Ostertagíase/sangue , Ostertagíase/tratamento farmacológico , Comprimidos , Trichostrongyloidea/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Sixteen broiler chicks per group were fed chlortetracycline (CTC) at 0 (control) and 55, 110, and 220 ppm (subtherapeutic levels) continuously for 44 days or 550 ppm (therapeutic level) for three 5-day periods from 1 to 19 days of age. All birds were challenged at 4 days of age with a 10:1 mixture of CTC-sensitive and resistant (CTCr) Salmonella typhimurium. Chicks were sampled periodically through postchallenge day (PCD) 41, half in each pen by cloacal swabbing and the remainder by collection of droppings. Escherichia coli was monitored at PCD 6 and 34. Salmonella recovery from cloacal swabs indicated increased (P less than .05) prevalence of CTCr salmonella-positive birds in the 550 ppm treatment at PCD 6 and 13 compared to all other treatments, and at PCD 27 compared to 0, 55, and 110 ppm CTC. Mean recovery scores followed a similar pattern. Area under the curve analysis of CTCr salmonella scores from cloacal swabs for PCD 3 to 41 confirmed increased (P less than .05) selection for CTCr salmonella by 550 ppm CTC. Isolations from droppings showed increased (P less than .05) CTCr salmonella prevalence at PCD 20 for the 100 ppm treatment group compared to control, and at PCD 34 for the 110 ppm groups compared to all other groups and for 220 and 550 ppm groups compared to 0 and 55 ppm CTC birds. The CTCr salmonella counts in droppings were higher (P less than .05) at PCD 34 for the 110, 220, and 550 ppm groups compared to the control.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Assuntos
Galinhas/microbiologia , Clortetraciclina/farmacologia , Salmonella typhimurium/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Clortetraciclina/administração & dosagem , Cloaca/microbiologia , Resistência Microbiana a Medicamentos/genética , Escherichia coli/efeitos dos fármacos , Escherichia coli/isolamento & purificação , Fezes/microbiologia , Masculino , Salmonella typhimurium/genética , Salmonella typhimurium/isolamento & purificação , Seleção GenéticaAssuntos
Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Clortetraciclina/uso terapêutico , Infecções por Mycoplasma/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/tratamento farmacológico , Animais , Galinhas , Sulfato de Di-Hidroestreptomicina/uso terapêutico , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Infecções por Mycoplasma/veterinária , Oxitetraciclina/uso terapêutico , Sulfatos/farmacologia , Tetraciclina/uso terapêuticoAssuntos
Clortetraciclina/administração & dosagem , Salmonelose Animal/prevenção & controle , Sulfametazina/administração & dosagem , Doenças dos Suínos/prevenção & controle , Administração Oral , Animais , Clortetraciclina/uso terapêutico , Combinação de Medicamentos , Salmonelose Animal/imunologia , Salmonelose Animal/mortalidade , Sulfametazina/uso terapêutico , Suínos , Doenças dos Suínos/imunologia , Doenças dos Suínos/mortalidade , ÁguaAssuntos
Antiprotozoários/toxicidade , Galinhas , Guanidinas/toxicidade , Administração Oral , Ração Animal , Animais , Antiprotozoários/administração & dosagem , Peso Corporal , Galinhas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Clorobenzenos/administração & dosagem , Clorobenzenos/toxicidade , Feminino , Guanidinas/administração & dosagem , Masculino , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/induzido quimicamenteRESUMO
1. The anticoccidial activity of maduramicin ammonium (5 mg/kg food) administered alone or with roxarsone (50 mg/kg food) and/or avoparcin (10 mg/kg food) was evaluated in battery-reared broilers artificially challenged with recent field culture mixtures containing Eimeria acervulina, E. maxima and E. tenella or E. mivati, E. necatrix and E. brunetti. 2. Maduramicin ammonium exhibited a high degree of anticoccidial activity and the addition of roxarsone and/or avoparcin in food at recommended concentrations did not adversely affect the activity.