N-acetylcysteine an allium plant compound improves high-sucrose diet-induced obesity and related effects.

This study was designed to determine whether N-acetylcysteine (NAC, C(5)H(9)-NO(3)S), a compound from Allium species may be used as a complementary therapeutic agent, to inhibit high-sucrose induced-obesity and its effects on glucose tolerance, in vivo low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-oxidation and serum oxidative stress in rats. Initially, 24 male Wistar rats were divided into two groups: controls receiving standard chow (C, n = 6) and those receiving high-sucrose diet (HS, n = 18). After 22 days, (HS) group was divided into three groups (n = 6/group); (HS-HS) continued to eat high-sucrose diet and water; (HS-N) continued to eat high-sucrose diet and received 2 mg l(-1)-NAC in its drinking water; (HS-CN) changing high-sucrose to standard chow and receiving 2 mg l(-1)-NAC in its drinking water. After 22 days of the HS-group division (44 days of experimental period) body weight, body mass index and surface area were enhanced in HS-HS rats (P < .001). HS-HS rats had glucose intolerance, increased serum triacylglycerol (TG), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), oxidized-LDL (ox-LDL) and lipid-hydroperoxide (LH) than the others (P < .01). NAC in HS-N and HS-CN rats reduced the obesity markers, feed efficiency, LH and ox-LDL, as well normalized glucose response, TG and VLDL (P < .01) in these groups compared with HS-HS. Total antioxidant substances, GSH/GSSG ratio and glutathione-reductase, were higher in HS-N than in HS-HS (P < .01). In conclusion, NAC improved high-sucrose diet-induced obesity and its effects on glucose tolerance, lipid profile, in vivo LDL-oxidation and serum oxidative stress, enhancing antioxidant defences. The application of this agent may be feasible and beneficial for high-sucrose diet-induced obesity, which certainly would bring new insights on obesity-related adverse effects control.

Autismo infantil: revisão de literaturaa partir da psicanálise lacaniana / Infantile autism: literature review from the Lacanian Psychoanalisis

O artigo aborda o tema do autismo infantil a partir do referencial teórico da Psicanálise lacaniana, a qual compreende o autismo como uma falha na constituição do circuito pulsional completo, sendo que o terceiro tempo deste circuito encontra-se ausente. O infans não se sujeita ao Outro, há um fracasso no tempo da própria alienação, assim ele não pode advir como sujeito pulsional. Discute-se a importância do olhar e da voz do Outro na subjetivação do infans, sendo símbolos do investimento nele. Além disso, o trabalho destaca a existência de dois sinais que podem indicar dificuldade na estruturação subjetiva do infans: o não olhar entre o bebê e seu Outro primordial e o infans não se fazer objeto deste Outro. A ausência desses sinais pode servir como ponto de partida para a interrogação quanto a possíveis dificuldades na estruturação subjetiva da criança. Ainda que haja uma falha no estabelecimento do circuito pulsional completo, é possível a realização de um trabalho com o infans tendo em vista restabelecer o circuito pulsional.

The article discusses the topic of infantile autism from the theoretical framework of Lacanian Psychoanalysis, which understands autism as a failure of the complete drive circuit, being that the third time of this circuit is missing. The infans is not subject to the Other, there is a failure in the time of the alienation itself, so it cannot come as a drive subject. The importance of the glaze and voice of the Other in the subjectification of the infans is discussed, being symbols of investing in it. Furthermore, the study highlights the existence of two signs which may indicate difficulty in subjective structuring of the infans: the non-glance between the baby and its primordial Other and the infans not being the object to this Other. The absence of these signs can serve as a starting point for interrogation about possible difficulties in subjective structuring of the child. Even if there is a failure in the establishment of the complete drive circuit, it is possible to work with the infans in order to restore the drive circuit.

Psicose infantil: revisão de literaturaa partir da psicanálise lacaniana / Child psychosis: literature review from the Lacanian psychoanalysis

Este artigo aborda a temática das psicoses infantis. Para tanto, parte da compreensão de como se dá a estruturação subjetiva da criança a partir do referencial da psicanálise lacaniana. Como forma de nortear o trabalho, foram usadas algumas questões que serviram como balizas na construção do texto. Como se dá a estruturação subjetiva da criança? O que se passa na estruturação subjetiva da criança que se torna psicótica? Buscou-se, por meio de revisão bibliográfica sobre o tema, responder a estes questionamentos. Constatou-se que, a estruturação subjetiva da criança se dá a partir do campo do Outro. A criança precisa adentrar a operação de alienação, ocupar o lugar de objeto de desejo do Outro, por um tempo. Necessita também se separar deste Outro e, para tal, vale-se da metáfora paterna. Na estruturação psicótica, há uma foraclusão do significante Nome-do-Pai (S2) e a criança permanece presa ao significante primordial Desejo da mãe (S1), não conseguindo se separar psiquicamente do Outro. Desta forma, não acessa o mundo simbólico e não se constitui como sujeito desejante.

This article discusses the theme of childhood psychoses. To this end, aims to understand how the child’s subjective structuring based on the Lacanian psychoanalysis referential. As a way to guide the work, we approached some issues that have served as the basis for the construction of the text. How does the child’s subjective structuring is created? What happens in the subjective structuring of a child that becomes psychotic? Through a literature review on the topic, we tried to answer these questions. It was found that the subjective structuring of the child is related to the field of the Other. The child must get into the alienation operation, take the place of the object of desire of the Other for a while. And also needs to separate from this Other, and to this end, uses the paternal metaphor. In the psychotic structuring, there is a foreclosure of the signifier Name of-the-father (S2), and the child remains attached to the primordial Desire of the mother signifier (S1), failing to psychically separate from the Other. Thus, he/she does not have access to the symbolic world and does not constitute himself/herself as a desiring subject.

Diet compounds, glycemic index and obesity-related cardiac effects.

BACKGROUND: Diet compounds may influence obesity-related cardiac oxidative stress and metabolic sifting. Carbohydrate-rich diet may be disadvantageous from fat-rich diet to cardiac tissue and glycemic index rather than lipid profile may predict the obesity-related cardiac effects. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Male Wistar rats were divided into three groups (n=8/group): (C) receiving standard chow (3.0 kcal/g); (CRD) receiving carbohydrate-rich diet (4.0 kcal/g), and (FRD) receiving fat-rich diet (4.0 kcal/g). Rats were sacrificed after the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at 60 days of dietary treatments. Lipid profile and oxidative stress parameters were determined in serum. Myocardial samples were used to determine oxidative stress, metabolic enzymes, glycogen and triacylglycerol. RESULTS: FRD rats showed higher final body weight and body mass index than CRD and C. Serum cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein were higher in FRD than in CRD, while triacylglycerol and oxidized low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were higher in CRD than in FRD. CRD rats had the highest myocardial lipid hydroperoxide and diminished superoxide dismutase and catalase activities. Myocardial glycogen was lower and triacylglycerol was higher in CRD than in C and FRD rats. Although FRD rats had depressed myocardial-reducing power, no significant changes were observed in myocardial energy metabolism. Myocardial beta-hydroxyacyl coenzyme-A dehydrogenase and citrate synthase, as well as the enhanced lactate dehydrogenase/citrate synthase ratio indicated that fatty acid degradation was decreased in CRD rats. Glycemic index was positively correlated with obesity-related cardiac effects. CONCLUSIONS: Isoenergetic carbohydrate-rich and fat-rich diets induced different degree of obesity and differently affected lipid profile. Carbohydrate-rich diet was deleterious relative to fat-rich diet in the heart enhancing lipoperoxidation and shifting the metabolic pathway for energy production. Glycemic index rather than dyslipidemic profile may predict the obesity effects on cardiac tissue.

Effect of naringerin on biochemical parameters in the streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Amongst the numerous co-adjuvant therapies which could influence the incidence and progression of diabetic complications, antioxidants and flavonoids are currently being tested in clinical trials. We investigated the effect of naringerin on biochemical parameters in streptozotocin-induced (STZ - 60 mg/kg, i.p.) diabetic rats. Male rats were divided into four groups: G1: untreated controls; G2: normal rats receiving naringerin; G3: untreated diabetics; G4: diabetics rats receiving naringerin. The naringerin (50mg/kg, i.p,) decreased the hyperglycaemia and hyperlipidaemia associated with STZ-diabetes. The concentrations of serum insulin in treated diabetic rats tended to be increased. Naringerin treatment prevents STZ-induced changes in the activities of ALT, AST and LDH in the liver and heart, indicating the protective effect of naringerin against the hepatic and cardiac toxicity caused by STZ. The glycogen level in cardiac and hepatic tissues elevated with naringerin in diabetic rats. The naringerin can improve the glucose and lipid metabolism and is beneficial in preventing diabetic complications.

Dentre as numerosas terapias para minimizar as complicações diabéticas, os antioxidantes e flavonoides são testados na clínica médica. Foi analisado o efeito da naringerina sobre os parâmetros bioquímicos em ratos diabéticos induzidos por estreptozotocina (STZ - 60mg/kg, i.p.). Ratos machos foram divididos em 4 grupos: G1: controle não tratado; G2: ratos normais que receberam naringerina; G3: diabéticos não tratados; G4: ratos diabéticos que receberam naringerina. Naringerina (50mg/kg, i.p.), decresceu a hiperglicemia e a hiperlipidemia em ratos diabéticos. A concentração sérica de insulina em ratos tratados tendeu aumentar. A naringerina preveniu as alterações, provocadas pela estreptozotocina, na atividade hepática e cardíaca de ALT, AST e LDH, indicando o efeito protetor da naringerina sobre estes tecidos, contra toxicidade provocada pela STZ. O nível de glicogênio nos tecidos cardíaco e hepático elevou com a naringerina em ratos diabéticos. A naringerina melhorou o metabolismo da glicose e de lipídios e preveniu as complicações diabéticas.

Impact of the training program on lipid profile and cardiac health.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of training programs on serum lipid profile and myocardial oxidative stress. Male Wistar rats (2 mo-old) were divided into three groups (n = 8): sedentary (S), loadless trained (T) and trained-overload 2% body weight (TL). T and TL were trained through swimming for 9 weeks. T and TL rats had increased myocardial lipoperoxide (TBA) and lipid hydroperoxide (HP), whereas HP was higher in TL than in T animals. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were lowest in TL. Myocardial glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) was lower in TL than in T and S rats. TL decreased HDL-cholesterol and increased LDL-cholesterol. The serum lactate dehydrogenase and TBA were increased, while SOD and GSH-Px activities were decreased in TL rats. Loadless training was able to improve HDL-cholesterol and to reduce LDL-cholesterol. In conclusion, the loadless training program induced beneficial effects on lipid profile, while overload training induced dyslipidemic profile that was associated with serum oxidative stress. The overload training program was deleterious relative to loadless training program, increasing myocardial oxidative stress.

Impact of the Training Program on Lipid Profile and Cardiac Health

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of training programs on serum lipid profile and myocardial oxidative stress. Male Wistar rats (2 mo-old) were divided into three groups (n = 8): sedentary (S), loadless trained (T) and trained-overload 2% body weight (TL). T and TL were trained through swimming for 9 weeks. T and TL rats had increased myocardial lipoperoxide (TBA) and lipid hydroperoxide (HP), whereas HP was higher in TL than in T animals. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were lowest in TL. Myocardial glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) was lower in TL than in T and S rats. TL decreased HDL-cholesterol and increased LDL-cholesterol. The serum lactate dehydrogenase and TBA were increased, while SOD and GSH-Px activities were decreased in TL rats. Loadless training was able to improve HDL-cholesterol and to reduce LDL-cholesterol. In conclusion, the loadless training program induced beneficial effects on lipid profile, while overload training induced dyslipidemic profile that was associated with serum oxidative stress. The overload training program was deleterious relative to loadless training program, increasing myocardial oxidative stress.