RESUMO
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 have been a major scientific and medical achievement in the control of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, very infrequent cases of inflammatory heart disease have been described as adverse events, leading to uncertainty in the scientific community and in the general population. METHODS: The Vaccine-Carditis Registry has included all cases of myocarditis and pericarditis diagnosed within 30 days after COVID-19 vaccination since August 1, 2021 in 29 centers throughout the Spanish territory. The definitions of myocarditis (probable or confirmed) and pericarditis followed the consensus of the Centers for Disease Control and the Clinical Practice Guidelines of the European Society of Cardiology. A comprehensive analysis of clinical characteristics and 3-month evolution is presented. RESULTS: From August 1, 2021, to March 10, 2022, 139 cases of myocarditis or pericarditis were recorded (81.3% male, median age 28 years). Most cases were detected in the 1st week after administration of an mRNA vaccine, the majority after the second dose. The most common presentation was mixed inflammatory disease (myocarditis and pericarditis). 11% had left ventricular systolic dysfunction, 4% had right ventricular systolic dysfunction, and 21% had pericardial effusion. In cardiac magnetic resonance studies, left ventricular inferolateral involvement was the most frequent pattern (58%). More than 90% of cases had a benign clinical course. After a 3-month follow-up, the incidence of adverse events was 12.78% (1.44% mortality). CONCLUSIONS: In our setting, inflammatory heart disease after vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 predominantly affects young men in the 1st week after the second dose of RNA-m vaccine and presents a favorable clinical course in most cases.
Assuntos
Vacinas contra COVID-19 , COVID-19 , Miocardite , Pericardite , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , COVID-19/epidemiologia , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , Vacinas contra COVID-19/efeitos adversos , Progressão da Doença , Miocardite/induzido quimicamente , Miocardite/epidemiologia , Pericardite/induzido quimicamente , Pericardite/epidemiologia , Sistema de Registros , Vacinação/efeitos adversos , EspanhaRESUMO
The differential diagnosis of masses encroaching on the left atrium may be challenging. We describe a case in which contrast echocardiography using a carbonated drink provided a rapid and simple way to clarify the diagnosis of an incidental mass causing extrinsic compression of the left atrium. Given its simplicity and availability, we believe that it should be considered as a first line tool for clarifying the diagnosis in cases of echocardiographic evidence of left atrial encroachment of unknown origin.
Assuntos
Bebidas Gaseificadas , Meios de Contraste/administração & dosagem , Ecocardiografia/métodos , Átrios do Coração/diagnóstico por imagem , Cardiopatias/diagnóstico por imagem , Cardiopatias/etiologia , Hérnia Hiatal/complicações , Hérnia Hiatal/diagnóstico por imagem , Aumento da Imagem/métodos , Administração Oral , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Achados IncidentaisRESUMO
Chronic heart failure (HF) is a cardiovascular disease of cardinal importance because of several factors: a) an increasing occurrence due to the aging of the population, primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular events, and modern advances in therapy, b) a bad prognosis: around 65% of patients are dead within 5 years of diagnosis, c) a high economic cost: HF accounts for 1% to 2% of total health care expenditure. This review focuses on the main causes, consequences in terms of morbidity, mortality and costs and treatment of HF.
Assuntos
Insuficiência Cardíaca , Hospitalização , Disfunção Ventricular Direita , Função Ventricular Direita/fisiologia , Insuficiência Cardíaca/diagnóstico , Insuficiência Cardíaca/etiologia , Insuficiência Cardíaca/terapia , Humanos , Disfunção Ventricular Direita/complicações , Disfunção Ventricular Direita/diagnóstico , Disfunção Ventricular Direita/terapiaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Our aim was to assess the prognostic value of the INTERMACS (Interagency Registry for Mechanically Assisted Circulatory Support) scale in patients undergoing urgent heart transplantation (HT). METHODS: Retrospective analysis of 111 patients treated with urgent HT at our institution from April, 1991 to October, 2009. Patients were retrospectively assigned to three levels of the INTERMACS scale according to their clinical status before HT. RESULTS: Patients at the INTERMACS 1 level (n=31) more frequently had ischemic heart disease (P=.03) and post-cardiothomy shock (P=.02) than patients at the INTERMACS 2 (n=55) and INTERMACS 3-4 (n=25) levels. Patients at the INTERMACS 1 level showed higher preoperative catecolamin doses (P=.001), a higher frequency of use of mechanical ventilation (P<.001), intraaortic balloon (P=.002) and ventricular assist devices (P=.002), and a higher frequency of preoperative infection (P=.015). The INTERMACS 1 group also presented higher central venous pressure (P=.02), AST (P=.002), ALT (P=.006) and serum creatinine (P<.001), and lower hemoglobin (P=.008) and creatinine clearance (P=.001). After HT, patients at the INTERMACS 1 level had a higher incidence of primary graft failure (P=.03) and postoperative need for renal replacement therapy (P=.004), and their long-term survival was lower than patients at the INTERMACS 2 (log rank 5.1, P=.023; HR 3.1, IC 95% 1.1-8.8) and INTERMACS 3-4 level (log rank 6.1, p=0.013; HR 6.8, IC 95% 1.2-39.1). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that the INTERMACS scale may be a useful tool to stratify postoperative prognosis after urgent HT.
Assuntos
Tratamento de Emergência , Insuficiência Cardíaca/classificação , Insuficiência Cardíaca/cirurgia , Transplante de Coração , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prognóstico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
The prognostic value of an exaggerated exercise systolic blood pressure response (EESBPR) remains controversial. Our aim was to assess whether an EESBPR is associated with the long-term outcome in patients with diabetes mellitus and known or suspected coronary artery disease (CAD). From an initial population of 22,262 patients with known or suspected CAD who underwent treadmill exercise electrocardiography or exercise echocardiography at our institution, 2,591 patients with a history of diabetes mellitus were selected for the present study. EESBPR was defined as systolic blood pressure >220 mm Hg during exercise. The end points were all-cause mortality and hard events (ie, death or myocardial infarction). A total of 236 patients (9.1%) developed an EESBPR during the tests. During a mean follow-up of 6.5 +/- 3.9 years, 484 patients died and 646 experienced hard events. The 10-year mortality rate was 16.6% in patients with an EESBPR compared to 30.9% in those without an EESBPR (p <0.001). The 10-year hard event rate was also lower in patients with an EESBPR (23.2% vs 38.9% in patients without an EESBPR; p <0.001). On multivariate analysis, an EESBPR remained independently associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio 0.53, 95% confidence interval 0.36 to 0.78, p = 0.001) and hard events (hazard ratio 0.57, 95% confidence interval 0.41 to 0.79; p <0.001). These results remained consistent in the subgroup of patients without a known history of CAD. In conclusion, an EESBPR was associated with improved survival and a lower rate of death or myocardial infarction in patients with diabetes mellitus and known or suspected CAD.
Assuntos
Pressão Sanguínea , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/fisiopatologia , Diabetes Mellitus/fisiopatologia , Teste de Esforço , Idoso , Causas de Morte , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/complicações , Ecocardiografia , Eletrocardiografia , Feminino , Seguimentos , Frequência Cardíaca , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Infarto do Miocárdio/mortalidade , PrognósticoRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: We sought to assess the value of exercise echocardiography (EE) for predicting outcome in patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease and normal exercise electrocardiogram (ECG) testing. BACKGROUND: The prognostic value of EE in patients with normal exercise ECG testing has not been characterized. METHODS: We studied 4,004 consecutive patients (2,358 men, mean age [+/- SD] 59.6 +/- 12.5 years) with interpretable ECG who underwent treadmill EE and did not develop chest pain or ischemic ECG abnormalities during the tests. Wall motion score index (WMSI) was evaluated at rest and with exercise, and the difference (DeltaWMSI) was calculated. Ischemia was defined as the development of new or worsening wall motion abnormalities with exercise. End points were all-cause mortality and major cardiac events (MACE). RESULTS: Overall, 669 patients (16.7%) developed ischemia with exercise. During a mean follow-up of 4.5 +/- 3.4 years, 313 patients died, and 183 patients had a MACE before any revascularization procedure. The 5-year mortality and MACE rates were 6.4% and 4.2% in patients without ischemia versus 12.1% and 10.1% in those with ischemia, respectively (p < 0.001). In the multivariate analysis, DeltaWMSI remained an independent predictor of mortality (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.73, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.40 to 5.32, p = 0.003) and MACE (HR: 3.59, 95% CI: 1.42 to 9.07, p = 0.007). The addition of the EE results to the clinical, resting echocardiographic and exercise hemodynamic data significantly increased the global chi-square of the models for the prediction of mortality (p = 0.005) and MACE (p = 0.009). CONCLUSIONS: The use of EE provides significant prognostic information for predicting mortality and MACE in patients with interpretable ECG and normal exercise ECG testing.
Assuntos
Doença da Artéria Coronariana/mortalidade , Morte Súbita Cardíaca/prevenção & controle , Ecocardiografia sob Estresse/métodos , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/diagnóstico por imagem , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/fisiopatologia , Morte Súbita Cardíaca/epidemiologia , Eletrocardiografia , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Incidência , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Espanha/epidemiologia , Taxa de Sobrevida/tendênciasRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Our aim was to evaluate the role of exercise echocardiography for predicting outcome in a cohort of patients with left bundle branch block (LBBB). BACKGROUND: Although the prognostic value of exercise echocardiography has been well established in several subgroups of patients, it has not been specifically assessed in patients with LBBB. METHODS: Of the 8,050 patients who underwent treadmill exercise echocardiography, 618 demonstrated complete LBBB. Nine patients were lost to follow-up and 609 patients were included in this study. Wall motion score index (WMSI) was evaluated at rest and at peak exercise, and the difference (DeltaWMSI) was calculated. Ischemia was defined as the development of new or worsening wall motion abnormalities with exercise. End points were all-cause mortality and major cardiac events (including cardiac death, myocardial infarction, or cardiac transplantation). Mean follow-up was 4.6 +/- 3.4 years. RESULTS: Mean age was 66 +/- 10 years, and 331 patients (54%) were men. A total of 177 patients (29%) developed ischemia with exercise. During follow-up, 124 deaths occurred, and 74 patients had a major cardiac event before any revascularization procedure. Patients with ischemia had a greater 5-year mortality rate (24.6% vs. 12.6%, p < 0.001) and 5-year major cardiac events rate (18.1% vs. 9.7%, p = 0.003). In multivariate analysis, DeltaWMSI remained an independent predictor of mortality (hazard ratio: 2.42, 95% confidence interval: 1.21 to 4.82, p = 0.012) and major cardiac events (hazard ratio: 3.38, 95% confidence interval: 1.30 to 8.82, p = 0.013). Exercise echocardiographic results also provided incremental value over clinical, resting echocardiographic, and treadmill exercise data for the prediction of mortality (p = 0.014) and major cardiac events (p = 0.017). CONCLUSIONS: Exercise echocardiography provides significant prognostic information for predicting outcome in patients with LBBB. As compared to patients with normal exercise echocardiograms, patients with abnormal results are at increased risk of mortality and major cardiac events.